基于CorelDRAW的地图注记自动化配置方法研究

作为制图者与用图者间信息传递的桥梁,地图注记辅助地图符号,对制图要素的名称、种类、性质和数量特征等进行了标识和说明,是地图不可或缺的组成部分。曲线、文字编辑功能极强的CorelDRAW软件颇受制图人员青睐,尤其在注记配置工作中扮演着重要角色。文章从点、线、面三个角度对地图注记配置进行了理论探析,同时基于CorelDRAW 15．0 Type Library控件和VBA环境进行了二次开发,智能化地实现了点注记的四点定位、线注记的适合路径、封闭面域的构建和自定义面注记的添加,对提高地图制图的效率和美化图面效果具有十分重要的意义。     

基于点云数据构建树木骨架的方法

树木骨架在树木三维建模及林业研究中具有重要意义。基于地面三维激光扫描系统获取的树木点云数据,提出了一种利用体素空间转换方法而快速构建树木骨架的方法。首先,根据树木的点云数据构建特定的体素空间;然后,对投影变换的每层体素进行连通成分分析,解算出每个体素层所包含的骨架结点;最后,利用单源最短路径算法构建树木的骨架。实验证明,文中提出的方法是可行且有效的。     

工程测量中树木调查数据的自动标注

在工程测绘中,有大量的树木需要进行测绘和树种、胸径的标注。在传统的作业方法中工作量很繁重,而且容易出错。本文阐述了如何通过外业测绘时的准备工作,利用AutoLISP的简单编程实现快速的标注,以此减少内外业的工作量。     

荧光淬灭剂TrueBlack Lipofuscin对珊瑚自体荧光的消除及其在免疫荧光标记中的应用

自体荧光是生物体内部组织成分在吸收光时自然发出的荧光,会影响人工标记荧光的有效识别,严重干扰对抗体标记的目的蛋白荧光的观察及数据分析,在珊瑚冰冻切片免疫荧光标记研究中尤为突显。为更有效地去除珊瑚组织切片中的自体荧光,本研究以共生模式种花伞软珊瑚（Xenia sp.）为研究对象,首次尝试在花伞软珊瑚冰冻切片免疫荧光染色中,使用一种在小鼠和人体组织切片中常用的TrueBlack Lipofuscin自体荧光淬灭剂,并与已有研究中的酒精梯度脱水法进行比较。结果表明,使用荧光淬灭剂TrueBlack Lipofuscin后,花伞软珊瑚组织切片中的自体荧光强度是传统的酒精梯度脱水法的52.4%,且在Cy5通道下效果最佳。同时,通过珊瑚免疫荧光标记实验表明使用TrueBlack Lipofuscin的实验组特异性荧光信号强度为对照组的205.3%,背景荧光和自体荧光基本去除。     

景观指数的并行计算方法

随着地理信息科学和系统的发展,GIS数据的时空分辨率和数据量呈现爆炸式的增长趋势。传统的基于个人计算机的景观指数计算软件难以有效快速地完成海量数据的空间分析。针对该问题,本文提出了一个高效的景观指数并行计算方法。首先对原有的并查集连通域标记算法进行了2点改进：① 在第2次遍历数据时,增加了计算斑块面积、周长等斑块基本信息的功能,为景观指数的计算提供必要参数;② 在第2次遍历过程中,增加了重新标记连续序号的功能,减少了原有算法在合并操作后造成的序号不连续,需要重新遍历数据的开销。在此基础上,本文利用MPI并行编程库,采用数据分割和主从进程协同的并行计算模式实现了景观指数的并行计算。实验表明,在保证计算正确性的基础上,本文的并行算法大幅度提高了景观指数的计算性能,为快速分析大规模数据的景观形态和格局提供了有效手段。     

Whitefish wars: Pangasius, politics and consumer confusion in Europe

Rapid growth in production of the farmed Vietnamese whitefish pangasius and its trade with the European Union has provoked criticism of the fish's environmental, social and safety credentials by actors including WWF and Members of the European Parliament and associated negative media coverage. This paper reviews the range of claims communicated about pangasius (identified as a form of mass mediated risk governance), in light of scientific evidence and analysis of data from the EU's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feeds food safety notification system for imported seafood. This analysis shows pangasius to be generally safe, environmentally benign and beneficial for actors along the international value chains that characterise the trade. The case is made that increasingly politicised debates in Europe around risk and uncertainty are potentially counterproductive for EU seafood security and European aquaculture industry, and that the trade in pangasius can contribute to sustainable seafood consumption in a number of ways. Transparent evidence-based assessment and systems for communicating complex issues of risk for products such as pangasius are required in order to support continuance of fair and mutually beneficial trade.     

Human health benefits supplied by Mediterranean marine biodiversity

This paper summarizes the overall benefits supplied by Mediterranean marine biodiversity to human health and highlights the anthropogenic and environmental causes that are threatening these benefits. First, the Mediterranean Sea is a valuable source of seafood, which is an important component of the so-called “Mediterranean diet”. This type of diet has several health benefits, including cardio and cancer protective effects, which are attributed to the high intake of seafood-derived n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids. Second, the Mediterranean marine organisms, particularly the benthic ones, have furnished a large variety of bioactive metabolites, some of which are being developed into new drugs to threat major human diseases such as cancer. Third, the Mediterranean coastal areas provide environments for practising maritime leisure activities that provide physical and psychological benefits to users. Despite all this, fishing, tourism, contamination and sea warming are deteriorating this rich marine ecosystem, which needs to be protected to assure human welfare.     

Quality evaluation model for map labeling

This paper discusses and sums up the basic criterions of guaranteeing the labeling quality and abstracts the four basic factors including the conflict for a label with a label, overlay for label with the features, position‘s priority and the association for a label with its feature. By establishing the scoring system, a formalized four-factors quality evaluation model is constructed. Last, this paper introduces the experimental result of the quality evaluation model applied to the automatic map labeling system-MapLabel.     

Trade intervention: Not a silver bullet to address environmental externalities in global aquaculture

Aquaculture has been the world’s fastest growing food production technology in recent decades, and continued growth in aquaculture production is predicted. While creating economic opportunity, aquaculture is also a new way of using eco-systems, and there is substantial evidence that aquaculture creates negative environmental externalities. Although the most effective way to address these externalities may be improved governance, this approach is often difficult because most aquaculture production takes place in developing countries with limited management capacity. The fact that a large part of aquaculture production is traded motivates substantial interest in the use of trade measures to reduce environmental impacts. However, the wide variety of species, production practices, and governance systems present in aquaculture makes it unlikely that general trade measures will achieve environmental objectives. Rather, there is a real risk that trade measures will reduce economic opportunity, raise new equity concerns, and impinge on public health with little or no environmental impact.     

The uncertainty of seafood labeling in China: A case study on Cod,Salmon and Tuna

Exotic marine fish products are increasingly appreciated in China. In this study, 100 samples of Cod, Salmon and Tuna products were collected from supermarkets in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou. First the information reported on the label were assessed in the light of the Chinese legislation, paying particular attention to the fish names and the geographical origin. Then, a comparative analysis of the official trade denominations adopted by five European countries (Italy, France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom) for Cod, Salmon and Tuna was performed. Finally, the Chinese names of the species considered in the EU list were verified consulting the available international lists. Overall, 95% of the samples employed just generic names. In particular, 98% of Salmon and 100% of Tuna products were generically labeled while the labeling of Cod products was more diversified, even though 80% reported misleading or fake denominations. The results of this work highlighted the lack of a mandatory legislation on seafood traceability and of an official naming system. In particular, this study propose the introduction of a detailed Chinese naming system based on the Chinese Latin Dictionary for Seafood Names, following the EU approach. In fact, inaccurate labeling can have both economic and health implications for consumers as well as it may distort the true abundance of fish stocks. These drawbacks can be particularly serious considering the pivotal role of China in the global fishery industry.