1997年底中国东南沿海大规模赤潮原因生物的形态分类与生态学特征

１９９７年１１月底和１２月１９￣２５日对同年１１月中我晨至１２月底发生于广东饶平 和枯林湾及南澳岛周围海域的大规模赤的生物学、生态学及其危害进行了调查,研究表明,此次赤潮的原因生物是棕囊藻Ｐｈａｅｏｃｙｓｔｉｓ ｐｏｕｃｈｅｔｉｉ。这种赤潮生物在其生活史中有游泳单细胞和群体胶质囊２个生活阶段。游泳单细胞为球形或卵圆形,大小为６．０￣７．２μｍ,有２根不等长的鞭毛和１根定鞭丝。嫩体胶质囊为球形或近球     

山东蓬莱近海岸的地应力状态及断层稳定性评价

为查明蓬莱近海岸的地应力状态,开展了2个钻孔（深度小于200m）的水压致裂地应力测量工作,并与长岛附近海域3个钻孔的地应力状态进行了对比,采用回归分析方法,分析了该地区地应力随深度变化的特征,结合最大剪应力与平均主应力之比（μ_m）和侧压力系数（K'）探讨了研究区的断层稳定性。结果表明:蓬莱近海岸和长岛海域的地应力状态基本一致,最大水平主应力方向主要表现为北东东至东西向,这与华北的区域应力场相一致;水平应力的梯度大于环渤海圈的平均地应力梯度;研究区浅部三向主应力相对大小以S_H > S_h > S_v为主,这有利于逆断层的活动;研究区K'值和μ_m值均较高,分布区间分别为:2.76~3.98和0.47~0.59;陆区断层与区域应力方向均以较大角度相交,处于稳定的状态;海域的北西西向和北东向断层与区域应力场的方向夹角较小,如果区域应力持续增强,将有利于走滑断层的活动,这与震源机制以走滑型地震为主相符。研究结果对研究区内断层稳定性的评价和重大工程的设计及施工都具有重要参考意义。      

渤海湾西岸年轻贝壳堤：形态,结构及多成因过程

渤海湾西岸年轻贝壳堤的横截面呈上凸形态,堤的底板向海倾斜。年轻贝壳堤可分为底部－下部（前缘基足）、中部和上部三部分。底部－下部为形成于水不的（潮间带至 下带上部）贝屑质砂坝。中部为障壁岛,岛后为泻湖环境;当岛后泥质充填迅速时,障壁岛可转化为沿岸堤。上部为风成沙丘。水下砂坝→障壁岛→沿岩堤→风成沙丘反映了贝壳堤多成因的、复杂的形成过程。障壁岛－泻湖体系是渤海湾西岸沿海平原形成的重要因素。     

近2 ka闽浙沿岸泥质沉积物物源分析

对近2 ka以来闽浙沿岸泥质沉积物进行了粘土矿物和元素测试,粘土矿物对比分析表明,所研究的泥质沉积物来源为长江沉积物.金属元素聚类分析以及使用判别函数,均得到了与上述一致的结果.沉积物物源的定量计算表明,近2 ka以来闽浙沿岸泥质沉积物中长江的贡献基本稳定在83%～85%,可以排除有黄河沉积物输入的可能,且历史上黄河的改道与北徙并没有对本区的沉积环境和沉积物来源产生明显的影响.     

江苏吕四小庙洪淹没性潮汐汊道的稳定性

运用沉积学、地貌学和海洋动力学方法，对小庙洪水道进行了历史演变、现代动态及稳定性分析，提出淹没性潮汐道的稳定性。淹没性潮汐道的开发利用必须顺应汊道自然演变规律，并考虑其内部稳定性差异。     

Formation,Evolution, and Dissipation of Coastal Sea Fog

Evolution of sea fog has been investigated using three-dimensional Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) simulations. The study focused on widespread fog-cloud layers advected along the California coastal waters during 14–16 April 1999. According to analysis of the simulated trajectories, the intensity of air mass modification during this advection significantly depended on whether there were clouds along the trajectories and whether the modification took place over the land or ocean. The air mass, with its trajectory endpoint in the area where the fog was observed and simulated, gradually cooled despite the gradual increase in sea-surface temperature along the trajectory. Modelling results identified cloud-top cooling as a major determinant of marine-layer cooling and turbulence generation along the trajectories. Scale analysis showed that the radiative cooling term in the thermodynamic equation overpowered surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, and entrainment terms in cases of the transformation of marine clouds along the trajectories. Transformation of air masses along the trajectories without clouds and associated cloud-top cooling led to fog-free conditions at the endpoints of the trajectories over the ocean. The final impact on cloud-fog transition was determined by the interaction of synoptic and boundary-layer processes. Dissipation of sea fog was a consequence of a complex interplay between advection, synoptic evolution, and development of local circulations. Movement of the high-pressure system over land induced weakening of the along-shore advection and synoptic-pressure gradients, and allowed development of offshore flows that facilitated fog dissipation.     

Variability and trends in runoff in the rivers of British Columbia's Coast and Insular Mountains

This study examines the 1914–2015 runoff trends and variability for 136 rivers draining British Columbia's Coast and Insular Mountains. Rivers are partitioned into eastward and westward flowing rivers based on flow direction from the Coast Mountains. Thus, eastward and westward runoff trends and influence of topography on runoff are explored. Our findings indicate that rivers flowing eastward to the Nechako and Chilcotin plateaus contribute the lowest annual runoff compared to westward rivers where runoff is high. Low interannual runoff variability is evident in westward rivers and their alpine watersheds, whereas eastward rivers exhibit high interannual runoff variability. On Vancouver Island, some of the rivers with the highest annual runoff exhibit high interannual variability. A significant (p < .05) negative correlation exists between mean annual runoff (R_m) and latitude, gauged area, mean elevation, and its corresponding coefficient of variation. However, a significant positive correlation was found between the glacierized area of mountainous regions and R_m. The mean coefficient of variation in annual runoff is significantly negatively correlated with latitude and glacierized area, but significantly positively correlated with longitude. Annual and seasonal runoff trend analyses of each river were performed for an early (1936–2015), a middle (1966–2015), and a late (1986–2015) period using the Mann–Kendall test. Trend analyses revealed a shift towards more positive detectable (signal‐to‐noise ratio > 1) trends in annual and seasonal runoff from the middle to the late period across the study domain. Most positive detectable seasonal runoff trends in the middle period occur in spring in glacierized westward rivers located >1,200 m, whereas in the late period, they all occur in fall and are regionally coherent around Vancouver Island and south coastal BC. Rivers draining eastward exhibit more positive trends over 1986–2015 compared to westward rivers. This study provides crucial information on the hydrology of mountain watersheds across British Columbia's coast in response to Pacific Decadal Oscillation phase changes, the elevational amplification of regional climate change, and their influences on precipitation and glacier retreat.     

Tide-Induced Eddies and Upwelling in a Semi-enclosed Basin: Nan Wan

Nan Wan is a 20 km wide tidally-dominated embayment situated between two headlands on the south coast of Taiwan. During spring tides, sudden sea-surface temperature drops occur twice each tidal cycle in the western and central regions of the bay, but only once in the eastern region. Shipboard ADCP surveys, moored measurements and numerical modelling results demonstrate that the headlands on either side of the bay generate strong tidally-induced eddies within the bay on each phase of the tide. The geometry of the region leads to considerable difference in size between the flood and ebb eddies. The flood eddy fills the entire basin, while the ebb eddy fills the western and central region only. The strong (relative vorticity ≈10–16 f) cyclostrophic eddies are only weakly affected by Earth's rotation, and thus upwelling occurs within each eddy, causing two temperature drops per tidal cycle in the western and central region, while only one drop in the eastern region.