海洋微藻多糖微波提取法研究

选取自养小球藻(Chlorella autotrophica)为实验材料,采用微波法提取多糖,以温度、时间、pH以及微波功率4个因子建立正交实验,考察单因素影响情况。实验结果表明,在温度70℃、时间30min、pH为7、功率为600W条件下粗多糖的产率最高,为291.13mg/g(粗多糖/干重),远高于传统热水浸提法所得粗多糖产率(78.52mg/g,粗多糖/干重),且所得粗多糖与热水浸提法获得的粗多糖具有相似的红外光谱。说明,在一定的实验条件下,与热水浸提法相比,微波提取法不仅不会破坏多糖的结构,还有耗时短、有较高的多糖产率的优势。     

A method of determining dominant wave direction from multiparameter hydrological gauge measurements and its application

Multi-parameter hydrological gauge is an instrument developed by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences to make simultaneous observation of current, wave, tide, water temperature and conductivity.By using the well-known "PUV method", the directional wave spectrum can be calculated and the dominant wave direction is then obtained.The comparison of the dominant wave directions derived from the measurements using both the multi-parameter hydrological gauge and the MARK Ⅱ "Wave-Rider" directional buoy shows that the dominant wave directions derived from the two kinds of measurements are in good agreement.     

Radar cross section analysis of marine targets using a combining method of physical optics/geometric optics and a Monte-Carlo simulation

In this paper, the radar cross section of flat plates on ocean surfaces is statistically investigated. A combining method of physical optics and geometric optics is applied to establish an effective backscattering analysis procedure. This method is a high-frequency analysis method originally derived from a simplified Stratton-Chu integral equation, assuming that the radar is far away from the target so that Kirchhoff approximation is valid. A Monte-Carlo simulation method is adopted to statistically analyze the effects of undulated ocean surfaces. The ocean surfaces are randomly generated by Pierson-Moskowitz ocean wave spectrum and a directional distribution function. Numerical investigations are carried out for flat plates, with the same height and width but with different inclined angles, on ocean surfaces of various significant wave heights.     

南海北部陆坡海域内波谱特征

本文对1998年南海季风实验中定点观测的声学多普勒流速剖面仪（Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,ADCP）海流数据进行频谱分析,结果表明南海北部地区内波之间的非线性作用的强弱影响着该海域的内波谱特征。在季节性温跃层（水深22m和58m）中,由于存在着强的非线性作用,内波带的谱斜率趋于σ^-1和σ^-2之间,而且较高能量的潮谐波频率的峰值随着频率呈现少见的一。递减。在季节性温跃层（水深130m）以下,内波非线性相互作用较弱,观测的内波带谱特征与标准Garrett-Munk内波谱相似,均显示了σ^-2的谱斜率。     

不同过滤条件下黄色物质的吸收光谱演化特征分析

在实验室对青岛近岸现场水样进行处理、分析,获得了原始状态下水样和被过滤（0.22μm,0.45μm）黄色物质水样的吸收光谱数据,除进一步验证了黄色物质光谱分布模式外,还测得黄色物质光吸收随滤膜孔径的变化。30个现场样品在波长380nm处吸收系数统计平均值^—Ay（380）分析表明,当使用0.45μm过滤器对水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场水样所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约2.1％;而用0.22μm过滤器对现场水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约12．6％,要比用0．45μm过滤器处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约10.3％,这些数据的获得为现有已获黄色物质数据的“归一化”和统一评判以及未来黄色物质测量数据的准确性判断与比较提供了参考。     

Honey, I cooled the cods: Modelling the effect of temperature on the structure of Boreal/Arctic fish ecosystems

Historically colder regions of the North Atlantic had fisheries dominated by only a few fish species; principally cod and capelin. Possible population dynamic mechanisms that lead to such dominance are investigated by considering how a charmingly simple published multispecies model of the North Sea would react if the system operated at a lower temperature. The existing model equations were modified to describe temperature effects on growth, fecundity and recruitment and the model was rerun based on typical temperatures for the North Sea and a colder system. The results suggest that total fish biomass in the colder system increases but the community is more vulnerable to a given rate of fishing mortality. In the colder system, within species density dependence is reduced but relative predation rates are higher. Consequently, intermediate-sized species are vulnerable to relatively high levels of predation throughout their life history and tend to be excluded, leading to a system dominated by small and large species. The model helps to explain how temperature may govern coexistence and competitive exclusion in fish communities and accounts for the observed dominance of small and large species in Boreal/Arctic ecosystems.     

基于X波段雷达的表层流估计算法初步研究

对X渡段雷达记录的连续雷达图像进行分析,能够获取海浪和表层流信息.不存在海洋表层流情况下,雷达图像的谱能量分布在静水频散关系确定的平面上,而雷达相时海浪场的运动(比如表层流)使雷达图像的谱能量分布产生多普勒频移,对此频移进行最小二秉拟合.可以确定表层流的大小和方向.     

达州市气候变化的特征分析

基于达县测站1961-2007年的地面常规观测资料,主要采用小波分析,结合趋势分析、功率谱分析等方法分析了达州市47年来近地表气温、降水随时间的变化特征.结果表明,达州市近50年来冬季(年平均)地表气温变暖幅度约为0.9℃(0.4℃),增温速率接近0.18℃/10a(0.08℃/10a),低于全球的升温幅度.利用小波分析方法研究冬季气温的周期性发现,达州市的冬季气温存在着明显的8年和50年以上的特征时间尺度和周期性振荡.通过对降水的趋势分析发现,夏季降水的增加幅度比年均显著.小波分析方法结果显示达州市的夏季降水同样存在50年以上的特征时间尺度,但在小尺度上20世纪70年代末前后存在不同的变化特征.     

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南黄海陆架中部沉积物反射率光谱的影响因素分析

利用Minolta CM-2002光谱光度计对南黄海陆架136个短柱样品20~25cm段的沉积物进行了颜色反射率数据测量,通过化学元素、粒度、磁化率等来确定影响沉积物颜色反射率变化的成分和因素,介绍了反射率光谱的一阶导数和因子分析的方法。分析结果表明,南黄海陆架沉积物颜色反射率受控于沉积物中的铁氧化物、有机质以及粘土矿物和钙质生物碎屑含量。主因子F1指示氧化环境,并与陆源物质相关,F2指示弱氧化环境,F3指示弱还原环境,主因子的波长范围分别是405~445 nm和495~595 nm,605~695 nm,445~485 nm。