鼠尾藻劈叉筏式养殖试验

2004~2005年,在山东省威海海区进行了鼠尾藻劈叉筏式养殖试验。2004年试验持续123d,试养鼠尾藻2×667m2,平均株长由5.5 cm生长至79.1 cm,鲜藻产量2.52 kg/m2;2005年试验持续70d,试养鼠尾藻3×667m2,平均株长由13.0 cm生长至73.7 cm,鲜藻产量为2.88 kg/m2。试验结果表明鼠尾藻的劈叉式筏式养殖是可行的。     

海蒿子多糖DEⅠ、DEⅡ组分的分离纯化及单糖组成分析

海蒿子(SargassumconfusumAgardh)经热水抽提、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-SephadexA-25柱层析分离,得到多糖DEI、DEII,糖质量分数分别为52.40%,38.80%。经酸降解、薄层层析、气相色谱-质谱分析,证明其单糖组成均为岩藻糖、木糖、半乳糖、果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖。其中岩藻糖质量分数最高(DEI:39.3%;DEII:35.2%)。     

烯效唑对铜藻(Sargassum horneri)生长及抗氧化系统的影响

本文研究了不同浓度(0,0.1,1.0,4.0和8.0mg/L)的植物生长调节剂烯效唑处理20天内对铜藻(Sargassum horneri)的生长及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,烯效唑显著抑制了铜藻的生长,各处理组藻体的长度和比生长速率(SGR)均显著低于对照组,且烯效唑处理浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。0.1和1.0mg/L烯效唑处理组的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白的含量均显著提高,可溶性糖的含量在前5天内有短暂的促进,而4.0和8.0mg/L处理组的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白的含量显著下降,而可溶性糖的含量显著升高。抗氧化防御指标的变化也呈现差异性,各处理组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在5d时均显著提高,而随着处理时间的延长,低浓度(≤1.0mg/L)处理组SOD活性恢复到对照组水平,高浓度(≥4.0mg/L)处理组SOD活性仍保持在较高水平,显著高于对照组。0.1mg/L处理组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在实验10d时才显著升高,表现为逐渐诱导的现象,丙二醛(MDA)含量在20d时略低于对照组;而其他三个高浓度处理组的CAT活性在实验期间,均显著升高,MDA含量20d时也显著高于对照。以上研究结果丰富了植物生长调节剂对藻类生长影响的研究体系,为烯效唑在大型藻类中的合理应用提供了理论依据。     

漂浮铜藻室内保存及海上越冬试验

在我国南北海区经常能观察到聚集的漂浮铜藻,为有效利用铜藻资源,设计了铜藻室内保存及海上越冬试验。结果显示,铜藻在室温3℃～15℃下藻的鲜重均有不同程度下降,80μmol·m^-2·s^-2强光比20μmol·m^-2·s^-2弱光保存铜藻效果好,低温比高温保存效果好,但低于5℃后的铜藻保存效果变差。在温度5℃～17℃左右时,海上筏养铜藻特定生长率随温度升高而升高,而且藻体健壮,在冬季海水温度降到℃以下时,铜藻基本停止生长,但是藻体仍保持较好的活力,因此漂浮铜藻可在黄海南部海上顺利越冬。     

优质速溶的食用羊栖菜粉的研制

以浙江洞头产的淡干羊栖菜为原料,研制速溶型的食用羊栖菜粉。选择对成品粉的溶解性、色泽和风味影响显著的“脱腥软化工艺”中的３个因数进行正交试验［Ｌ９（３４）］,得出优化后的工艺参数如下：处理液配方为６ｇ／ｋｇ柠檬酸加１ｇ／ｋｇ多聚磷酸盐（以干藻体计）;热处理条件为藻浆在处理液中煮沸后自然冷却。对普通粉和速溶粉的理化性质、感官品质和卫生指标进行了比较,并分别研制了羊栖菜胶囊和即食糊两种新产品。     

Optimization of preparative separation and purification of total polyphenols from Sargassum tenerrimum by column chromatography

Polyphenols from the ethanol extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum (ST) with potent antiallergic effects were studied to optimize separation process through column chromatography. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of three widely used adsorbents: macroporous resin, silica gel, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), were critically evaluated respectively and studied for the optimization of preparative separation of polyphenols. Static operations on these adsorbents showed that macroporous resin had the best adsorption and desorption capability among the three adsorbents. Dynamic adsorption and desorption with macroporous resin packed column were also conducted to optimize the parameters such as: with the optimal values shown in brackets, the concentration of extract solution (4 times diluted), pH value (6–7), adsorption speed (3 BV h⁻¹, bed volumes/per hour), concentration of ethanol (80%), elution speed (3 BV h⁻¹) and elution volume (7 BV). The chromatographic process so optimized gave a purity of 62.43% from the crude polyphenols, providing a promising basis for large scale preparation of bioactive polyphenols upon further scaling up tests.     

Optimization of Preparative Separation and Purification of Total PolyphenoJs from Sargassum tenerrimum by Column Chromatography

Polyphenols from the ethanol extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum （ST） with potent antiallergic effects were studied to optimize separation process through column chromatography. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of three widely used adsorbents： macroporous resin, silica gel, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone （PVPP）, were critically evaluated respectively and studied for the optimization of preparative separation of polyphenols. Static operations on these adsorbents showed that macroporous resin had the best adsorption and desorption capability among the three adsorbents. Dynamic adsorption and desorption with macroporous resin packed column were also conducted to optimize the parameters such as： with the optimal values shown in brackets, the concen- tration of extract solution （4 times diluted）, pH value （6-7）, adsorption speed （3BVh-1, bed volumes/per hour）, concentration of ethanol （80%）, elution speed （3 BV ht） and elution volume （7 BV）. The chromatographic process so optimized gave a purity of 62.43% from the crude polyphenols, providing a promising basis for large scale preparation of bioactive polyphenols upon further scaling up tests.     

Variability in growth,development and reproduction of the non-native seaweed Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae) on the Irish west coast

This study compared seasonal growth, development and reproduction of the invasive brown macroalga Sargassum muticum in habitats with different wave exposure on the Irish west coast. Three field sites with different degrees of wave exposure were chosen for monthly observations to reflect different habitats that were characteristic of the Irish west coast. Growth and receptacle development differed considerably between sites. Growth and receptacle development was lower at the most sheltered site. Here, S. muticum showed signs of early fragmentation in April/May during the two years of investigation (2007 and 2008), whilst the population at an exposed site developed normally and plants grew to a maximum average length of 163 cm by July, with the onset of fragmentation in August. Sargassum muticum in a tide pool exhibited a similar seasonal growth cycle as plants at the exposed open shore site. Overall growth however was stunted, with plants reaching a maximum length of only 30–40 cm in July. Receptacle development was also inhibited at the sheltered site, with a maximum of only 10% of plants found to be fertile during spring and summer 2008, while plants at the exposed site and the tide pool exhibited 100% plant fertility by August. An extensive occurrence of the native epiphyte Pylaiella littoralis on S. muticum was noticed during field sampling at the sheltered study site which may have contributed to inhibited development of S. muticum observed in this area.     

鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)固碳能力对流速的响应

流动的海水可以为海藻的生长提供所需的营养物质,对其生长和繁殖起到了非常重要的作用,而当前的生理生态学模拟实验,大多忽略了这一重要的环境因子.大型海藻虽然被认为是第4类"蓝碳",但关于其固碳能力的研究较少.本研究设计了一种可以调节流速的大型海藻固碳能力测量系统,既可以测量大型海藻的净光合速率、呼吸速率和对无机氮、无机磷的...     

基于聚类及简化基因组联合分析的浙江洞头栽培羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)品系筛选研究

以浙江洞头栽培羊栖菜(Sargassumfusiforme)群体为研究对象,运用主成分分析法对其鲜重、藻体长度、茎宽、气囊形态和大小等表型特征进行分析,确定了羊栖菜簇生气囊中的"特征"大气囊为表型主成分;运用聚类分析法分析了21个羊栖菜差异表型样品的"特征"大气囊表型聚类特征,定量分析归纳了栽培羊栖菜表型品系类别;运用简化基因组分析法构建了34个羊栖菜样品的系统进化树,分析了栽培羊栖菜各样品及韩国丽水、辽宁大连、浙江舟山野生羊栖菜样品间的亲缘关系,定量分析归纳了栽培羊栖菜基因型品系类别。在栽培羊栖菜表型品系和基因型品系总重合率为86%的基础上,将浙江洞头栽培羊栖菜群体分为球囊、锥囊、宽棒囊、狭棒囊和梭镖囊等5个品系,并运用林奈的"双名法"加以学名命名。提供了一种科学的羊栖菜品系分类方法,以期为深度开展浙江洞头栽培羊栖菜的群体结构、亲缘关系、遗传稳定性和品质差异等基础研究,以及定向选育优质高产、逆境高耐受性和活性物质高富集品系等应用研究,提供方法和理论支撑。