我国沿海鼠尾藻（Sargassum thunbergii）遗传资源RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术分析了我国沿海五个海区（大连、威海、青岛、温州、福州）鼠尾藻种群的遗传多样性。从60条随机引物中筛选出21条引物,对五个鼠尾藻种群共150份DNA样本进行了扩增,共检测到207个有效位点,多态位点达89．5％,Nei基因多样性指数（H）为0．2966,Shannon信息指数（I）为0．4508;...     

马尾藻的营养组成及其袋泡茶饮料的试制

对马尾藻进行营养成分的分析，结果表明马尾藻蛋白质的氨基酸组成均衡，氨基酸价为82，且富含无机质等。无机质中除了钙、钾和钠含量高外，碘含量达820mg/kg，是研制含碘食品和饮料的理想原料。马尾藻经加工制得的袋泡茶符合国家卫生标准，袋泡茶（2g/袋）经沸水冲泡后的碘浸出量为0.51mg/袋，可防治甲状腺机能减退病，即碘缺乏病。     

COMPARATIVE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FOUR SARGASSUM SPECIES(FUCALES,PHAEOPHYTA)

Fatty acid composition of four Sargassum species from Qingdao and Shidao,Shandong Provincewas investigated.16:0(palmitic acid)was the major saturated fatty acid.C_(18) and C_(20)were the mainpolyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).Arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid predominated amongpolyenoic acids in all the algal species examined.except for Sargassum sp.which had low concentrationof eicosapentaenoic acid.     

亨氏马尾藻硫酸多糖抗肿瘤活性的研究

近年来,不少学者研究证明,昆布科水石昆布、真昆布和马尾藻科鼠尾藻、海黍子等海藻的抽提物具有抗肿瘤作用。本文选用广东、福建两省特有的亨氏马尾藻(Sargassumhenslowianum)为原料,对其提取物的成分和抗肿瘤活性进行了研究,为寻找新的保健食品原料和医药工业原料提供了依据。1　材料与方法1.1　材料亨氏马尾藻　1994年10月,1995年10月采自广东省海丰县硫酸多糖　从亨氏马尾藻中提取实验动物　由第一军医大学提供的雄性纯种昆明小鼠,体重20±2g,随机分组。瘤株　艾氏腹水瘤(EAC)瘤株、腹水型肉瘤S180由中山医科大学提供。1.2　方法1.2.1…     

全缘马尾藻(Sargassum integerrimum)生殖细胞排放规律及人工促排条件

在全缘马尾藻生殖细胞同步成熟的基础上,研究了生殖细胞的排放规律以及人工促排的条件。结果表明:(1)在温度(25±0.5)°C,光照强度(3000±100)lx,光照周期12h︰12h[光照(L)︰黑暗(D)],盐度33±0.5,pH值8.2±0.2、静置暂养条件下,雄生殖托排放精子与雌生殖托排放卵细胞基本同步;雌生殖托排放卵细胞集中在夜间,为间断式排卵,完成整个排卵过程约需3d;雌生殖托的排卵量与其重量呈正相关,3d内排出卵细胞(14431±1288)个/g;卵细胞在排出后4h内完成受精,得到受精卵8358±734个/g;雌生殖托表面的"挂卵"量约为10000个/g,受精卵的脱落量与排卵量相关。(2)在光照周期0h:24h(L︰D)、pH值8.2培养条件的基础上,最适生殖细胞促排条件分别为温度31°C,盐度33±1,水流速度(6±1)cm/s,在该条件下得到的脱落受精卵量最多,所需促排及排放时间最短。在最适条件下,将雌、雄生殖托混合的重量比例改变为1︰6,受精率可提高至(94.4±0.3)%,相比暂养条件下的排卵过程,排卵提前4d,排卵周期缩短2d。     

The putative impacts of the non‐native seaweed Sargassum muticum on native communities in tidepools of Southern California and investigation into the feasibility of local eradication

The ecological impacts of introduced seaweeds have been relatively understudied. Current research suggests that seaweed invasions often result in alterations of native marine communities and disruptions of normal ecosystem functioning, but the effects on native communities can vary among invasive seaweed species, among habitats and over small and large spatial scales. In this study, the impacts of Sargassum muticum, a non‐native brown alga introduced into southern California, USA, several decades ago, were examined by comparing community structure in rocky inter‐tidal pools with and without the seaweed. Sargassum muticum appeared to have little impact on the native community despite measures revealing changes in the abiotic conditions of pools, with S. muticum presence reducing light penetration and ameliorating pool temperature changes during low tides. In other regions and habitat types, S. muticum presence often, but not consistently, resulted in declines in macrophyte diversity and/or abundance and increases in faunal assemblages. The lack of effects of S. muticum in this study, combined with variable impacts by S. muticum and other invasive seaweeds worldwide, suggests that predicting the effects of introduced seaweeds is problematic and warrants further research. Regardless of the effects on native communities, there is often a desire to eradicate or control the spread of non‐native seaweeds. In this study, localized S. muticum eradication attempts, including manipulations of a native canopy and herbivorous urchins, proved unsuccessful as full recovery occurred in ~9 months. While eradication efforts conducted worldwide have resulted in mixed success, there is a trend that early detection and rapid response can increase success, highlighting a need for systematic monitoring and establishment of regional rapid response plans.     

Element composition ofSargassum thunbergii

Results of neutron activation analysis (NAA) ofSargassum thumbergii samples collected from the Qingdao Taipingjiao coast on March 20, 1996 showed that (1)Sargassum thunbergii can to some extent accumulate potassium and calcium (the accumulation coefficient was 10); (2) it can accumulate almost all trace elements, especially iron, managanese and zinc; (3) it can accumulate strontium, aluminium thorium, and rare earth elements. Contribution No.3308 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The study supported by the National Ninth-Five-Year Key Project “96-916-04-01”.     

中国马尾藻属的研究Ⅷ.扁托系的四个新种

对中国真马尾藻亚属SubgenusSargassum刺托组SectionAcanthocarPICAE团伞托序亚组SubsectionClmerulatae扁托系SeriesPlatycarpae的种类研究过程中，发现该系新种4个，它们是永兴马尾藻SargassumyongxingenseTsengetLusp．nov．．模式标本于1958年3月8日由郑树栋采自西沙群岛永兴岛，模式标本号AST58－4012；三亚马尾藻SarsassumsanyaenseTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1976年4月15日由曾呈奎、周显铜采自海南岛三亚市大东海，模式标本号AST76－1972；大洲马尾藻SargassumdazhouenseTsengetLuspnov，模式标本于1957年6月间日由郑树栋、夏恩湛采自海南岛三亚市大洲岛，模式标本号AST57－5615；巨囊马尾藻SargassummegalocystumTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1957年6月12日由郑树栋、夏恩湛采自海南岛三亚市大洲岛，模式标本号AST57－5616。4种模式标本存于中国科学院海洋研究所植物标本室。     

海带和马尾藻中褐藻胶的糖醛酸组成与序列结构的研究

从中国产海带和3种马尾藻中提取褐藻胶,用IR谱分析其褐藻酸的结构特征,用高分辨~1H-NMR(400MHz)测定无损褐藻酸钠的单体组成和序列结构。IR谱表明了这4种褐藻酸单体组成的差异性。NMR谱的结果表明:海带、海蒿子、海黍子和鼠尾藻中褐藻胶的G组分摩尔分数F_G依次为0.35,0.40,0.45和0.44,而相应的GG二聚重复单元摩尔分数F_(GG)分别为0.21,0.37,0.36和0.34,即海带的F_(GG)明显小于三种马尾藻。文中引入一嵌段分布参数η=F_(MG)/(F_M·F_G),相应的η值依次为0.62,0.13,0.36和0.41,这表明了序列分布的差异性。     

海蒿子多糖DEI、DEII组分的分离纯化及单糖组成分析

海蒿子(SargassumconfusumAgardh)经热水抽提、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-SephadexA-25柱层析分离,得到多糖DEI、DEII,糖质量分数分别为52.40%,38.80%。经酸降解、薄层层析、气相色谱-质谱分析,证明其单糖组成均为岩藻糖、木糖、半乳糖、果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖。其中岩藻糖质量分数最高(DEI:39.3%;DEII:35.2%)。