Cyclic response of slender RC columns typical of precast industrial buildings

The cyclic behaviour of slender cantilever columns in full-scale models of precast industrial buildings, designed by Eurocode 8, was studied experimentally and analytically. The shear span ratio of the columns was 12.5, which is more than allowed by Eurocode 8 for columns in frame structures (10). High deformability and a large deformation capacity (8%~drift) of the columns was observed. A lumped plasticity model was used in the analysis. In the paper the observed behaviour of the models has been compared with the predicted behaviour obtained by several empirically based models and procedures. It was observed that these models, which were developed for much lower shear span ratios (2–6), were not applicable for the analyzed very slender columns without appropriate additional considerations and modifications. In the case of such columns the yield drift is dominated by the flexural mode (it is practically proportional to the height of the column) and the ultimate drift under cyclic loading conditions is only slightly dependent on the shear span (indicating that the ratio of the equivalent length of the plastic hinge to the height of the column decreases with the increasing shear span). An appropriately modified lumped plasticity model incorporating in-cycle and repeated-cycle strength deterioration was chosen for future use in performance-based design and seismic risk studies.     

北黄海盆地地质构造特征及其演化

北黄海地区是我国研究程度最低的海区,各种情况表明,本区油气前景乐观。为了弄清北黄海盆地地质构造特征及其演化,在前人研究成果基础上,对北黄海盆地原有二维地震资料和重磁资料进行了重新处理和解释。资料处理采用了地震多次波压制技术、精细速度谱分析、位场延拓、小波多尺度分析、区域场和剩余场分解、方向导数分析以及重震联合反演等多种处理技术,对地球物理资料进行了综合解释。北黄海盆地结晶基底北低南高。褶皱基底呈NE向格局,埋深起伏变化较大。盆地主要发育NE向和NW向两组断裂。盆地被两条NE向的边界断裂所控制。NW向断裂是盆地内的次级断裂,控制了盆地内坳陷和隆起的分布范围和形态,使北黄海盆地形成三坳两隆的构造体系。规模较小的NE向3级断裂分布在坳陷内部,将坳陷分为不同规模的局部凹陷和局部隆起。火成岩主要分布在西部隆起带的南端和南部隆起带上,火成岩对坳陷内部影响不大。     

南京砂的结构特性与地铁地基液化判别

与圆颗粒的标准砂相比较,片状结构的砂的动力特性更为复杂,用规范法进行液化判别时会误判。为了将砂土片状结构特性考虑到判别过程中,建议了一个更为合理的Ncr 的经验公式,并利用该公式对南京地铁玄武门-南京站区间的砂土层进行液化判别,该区间会发生中等程度为主的液化,最后,将液化判别结果与规范法和室内动力实验结果相比较,分析发现,在南京地铁进行液化判别时,必须考虑片状结构特性对于液化影响;同时,给出了平均液化势随深度的变化情况,以及考虑砂土结构特性对判别结果的影响系数随土层深度的关系,提高了判别的精度。     

边坡稳定分析中应变局部化的简化计算

采用分岔理论作为局部化判断条件,提出通过弹粘塑性软化模型来捕捉水工结构中的应变局部化剪切带的有限元简化算法。方法的特点是在每个时步,可以得到作为分岔理论所必须的弹塑性矩阵,仅用其作局部化判断,而不影响程序本身的粘塑性迭代。与其他方法相比,该方法理论简洁,易于程序的实现。通过对边坡的稳定分析,结果表明：该方法是合理可行的。     

水工监测软件开发中数据库和数据结构设计问题

针对水电工程监测软件系统开发,讨论了系统总体设计、数据库和数据结构设计以及系统界面架构方面的一些共性问题,提出用7种属性对象来描述水工建筑物和观测仪器之间,以及各水工建筑物之间复杂的从属关系,介绍了实现这些关系的数据库表和相关数据结构;讨论了采取单文档和多窗口视界面的优点、可变大小的整编数据结构、软件容错、设置多个初值日期和更换传感器所带来的数据结构设计等问题。这些讨论对于开发监测系统软件是很有益的。     

红青三维立体地形地质图的制作及其地质应用

应用红青滤色三维立体图对制作立体地形图是一个十分重要而简单的方法。文中简述了红青滤色立体图的原理,应用SRTM-DEM数据制作红青滤色三维立体地形图,结合地质图获得红青滤色三维立体地形地质图。立体地形地质图是地质填图成果的直观形象,是活动构造地貌研究的重要工具。     

柴达木盆地马海盐湖储卤层渗透特征及卤水富集机制

通过野外抽水试验方法,确定了柴达木盆地马海盐湖储卤层渗透系数,并结合地下卤水赋存特征与沉积环境对其渗透性能进行分析。结果表明：本地区石盐层大多不纯,石盐晶体内包裹有泥、砂,且晶体间也有泥、砂充填。在石盐沉积期间,由于受到洪水与间歇性河流影响,导致地质环境演化过程中沉积形成的储卤层渗透性能在各处相差较大,区域地下卤水的连通性相对较弱。根据试验开采区27口开采井钻孔资料和地下卤水监测数据,进行了储卤层差异性分类,将钻孔所揭露储卤层划分为3种类型,不同类型储卤层卤水富集性能具有较大差异,表现为渗透系数和单井涌水量在平面分布上的较大数值差距。通过对钻孔岩心岩性、孔隙特征及补给条件等方面进行分析,得出卤水富集性能强的基本条件：储卤层具备天然良好的颗粒骨架和稳定的卤水补给来源与通道。依据储卤层渗透性能和卤水富集规律,将马海盐湖试验开采区划分出不同地下卤水富集区段。     

招远两涧地区金矿特征及成矿规律探讨

招远两涧地区位于玲珑金矿田的东北部边界,多数矿脉延至本区尖灭,本区金矿的特征为:矿脉众多,矿体规模为中小型,矿石类型以含金黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩、含金黄铁石英脉为主,矿石品位较高。成矿规律为:矿体均受断裂构造控制;矿区南部矿体赋存在地表至-200 m标高之间共计600 m的范围内;36号脉、510号脉、209号脉为本区较大规模的矿脉,所含矿体在规模、数量、赋存位置等方面具有各自的规律。     

四川盆地龙泉山含油气构造浅层天然气对隧道工程危害研究

龙泉山是具备油气生储盖组合的含油气构造,出露侏罗系和白垩系非煤系地层,有7个构造高点,节理裂隙发育,是浅层天然气有利聚集区,沙溪庙组砂岩是浅层天然气主要储层。已建达成铁路炮台山隧道和成-简快速通道龙泉山2#隧道在施工中都出现浅层天然气燃烧和爆炸现象。拟建的成洛大道东延线、成安渝高速公路和成渝客专又将以隧道方式通过龙泉山含油气构造,故研究浅层天然气对隧道危害有重要意义。通过现场8座隧道共20个钻孔天然气浓度测试,发现8座隧道均有浅层天然气显示,天然气最高浓度8.654%,最低浓度0.081%, 8座隧道均受到天然气危害。研究表明,隧道所处构造位置和地层岩性是隧道受浅层天然气危害大小的主要影响因素,隧道离含油气构造高点越近,在穿越裂隙发育的地层时,其钻孔天然气浓度越高,隧道受浅层天然气危害越大。     

Probabilistic analysis of retaining walls

A methodology for the probabilistic analysis of reinforced concrete cantilever walls is developed and described in this paper. The wall’s external stability under static conditions is addressed and modeled as a series system with correlated failure modes. Computations of reliability are performed using Monte Carlo simulations for assumed probability distributions of the backfill and foundation material engineering properties. A case example is analyzed based on the described methodology. The results indicated that risk, measured by the system probability of failure, is not a linear function of safety ratios. All three safety ratios in question were positively correlated, with bearing capacity being subjected to higher degree of uncertainty. The degree of correlation was found to have an important effect on the system probability of failure. Considering the width of the base as varying design parameter, the study also showed that first-order reliability bounds, which are often applied in practice, may lead to a noteworthy over- or under-estimation of the design.