冀西北水晶屯金矿地质特征及成矿作用研究

水晶屯金矿位于我国重要的金矿集中区——河北省张宣（张家口-宣化）幔枝构造区南部,是张宣地区比较有代表性的中型金矿,张宣幔枝构造演化过程中形成的一系列多期次、多阶段的褶皱和断裂构造体系对该矿的形成和演化起着重要的控制作用。该文以幔枝构造理论为指导,在总结前人资料基础上,通过野外调查,室内综合分析,认为其外围及深部仍具有较大找矿潜力。     

Amelia Creek: a Proterozoic impact structure in the Davenport Ranges,Northern Territory

The Amelia Creek impact structure is located in Australia's Northern Territory in folded Palaeoproterozoic strata of the Davenport Ranges (20°51'S, 134°53′E). An impact origin is confirmed by presence of unequivocal shatter cones with apices that point upwards, and by planar microstructures in quartz grains from target sandstones of the Hatches Creek Group. Aeromagnetic, advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER), and X-band synthetic aperture radar (X-SAR) images show an area of anomalous deformation in which smooth regional trends are disrupted by arcuate features at a 10 km radius to the north and south of the shock-metamorphosed rocks. However, no arcuate forms are apparent to the east and west of these shocked rocks, and instead, large south-southwest-trending faults are present about 6 km away on both sides. Despite pervasive shatter coning, typical of the central region of complex impact structures, no structural uplift is apparent, but instead the shocked rocks lie at the southern toe of a north-northeast-trending syncline. These shatter cones overprint and post-date the Palaeoproterozoic regional deformation, and thus, the impact structure has not been refolded and its abnormal form is likely due to pre-existing structure in the target rocks and/or an oblique impact. Small pockets of undeformed Late Neoproterozoic and Middle Cambrian strata are exposed in palaeovalleys in the central region of the structure, constraining the time of the impact to the Proterozoic.     

The ca 2.74 Ga Mopoke Member,Kylena Formation: a marine incursion into the northern Fortescue Group?

The northern part of the Fortescue Group consists of interbedded flood basalts and sedimentary rocks that were deposited on the southern margin of the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, during one or more periods of continental rifting between ca 2.78 and ca 2.63 Ga. Well-preserved sedimentary intervals within the group have yielded stable carbon and sulfur isotope data that have been used to infer changes in geobiological processes in the Neoarchean. However, the Fortescue Group is notable for being a predominantly subaerial succession, and it remains unclear whether data obtained from these intervals should be interpreted in the context of deposition in marine environments, possibly recording changes in the global ocean/atmosphere system, or in local and restricted lacustrine settings. Here, we describe the sedimentology, stratigraphy, stromatolites and stable carbon isotope geochemistry of the ca 2.74 Ga Mopoke Member, Kylena Formation, the oldest stromatolitic horizon in the Fortescue Group. This unit differs in terms of internal stratigraphic relationships, sedimentology, carbonate mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry when compared with intervals of probable lacustrine origin in the overlying Tumbiana and Maddina formations. In contrast, we suggest that parts of the Mopoke Member may have been deposited under open marine conditions, or alternatively, in a lacustrine environment characterised by differing water chemistry and basement topography. Stromatolitic microfabrics of the Mopoke Member are dominated by spar, dolospar and vertically aligned calcitic crusts, rather than the micritic microfabrics described from other Fortescue Group stromatolites. Mud-draped ripples are common sedimentary features in the Mopoke Member, suggesting a tidal influence. Mopoke Member δ¹³C_carb values are generally slightly positive, but also include some significantly depleted values, which may relate to the reoxidation of ¹³C-depleted organic matter. δ¹³C_org values average –36.7‰, consistent with Neoarchean marine units reported from elsewhere, but significantly less ¹³C-depleted than values reported from overlying lacustrine intervals in the Fortescue Group. We conclude that some features of Fortescue Group datasets relevant to the field of geobiology may be facies dependent, and that more work focusing on the overall depositional environments of the Fortescue Group is needed in order to appropriately interpret geobiological data reported from that group.     

Anomaly Models of Spatial Structures for Copper-Molybdenum Ore Deposits and their Application

This paper discusses the enrichment and depletion regularities for porphyry copper-molybdenum ore deposits in different regions and varied deposit genetic types in the same area, taking three porphyry copper-molybdenum ore deposits (i.e., the Chengmenshan in Jiangxi, Wunugetushan in Inner Mongolia, Baishantang in Gansu) and two copper deposits in Gansu Province (the Huitongshan skarn deposit and Gongpoquan composite deposit) as case studies. The results show that porphyry Cu-Mo deposits or skarn copper deposits include both enrichment of the ore-forming elements and associated elements, and depletion of some lithophile dispersed elements, rare earth elements (REE) and some major elements. And the depleted elements vary with deposits, having generality and their own features. On a deposit scale, the positive anomalies of enriched elements and negative anomalies of depleted elements follow in a sequence to comprise regular anomaly models of spatial structures. The exploration in the Tongchang deposit in Jiangxi and Huitongshan deposit in Gansu suggests that anomaly models play a key role in the identification of mineral occurrences and deposits compared to one single enriched element anomaly. And the anomaly models exert a critical effect on the optimization of prospecting targets and their potential evaluation.     

木结构榫卯节点抗震性能及其加固试验研究

为研究木结构榫卯节点的抗震性能及其加固后性能的变化,进行了6个榫卯节点的拟静力试验,并对试验后的榫卯节点分别采用扒钉、碳纤维、钢销、U型铁箍、角钢、弧形钢板进行加固。对比研究加固前后榫卯节点的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、耗能能力及刚度退化等抗震性能参数。试验结果表明:加固前节点滞回曲线有明显的捏缩现象,木结构良好的抗震性能正是依赖于节点的滑移摩擦耗能;加固后榫卯节点的抗震性能良好,可以达到破坏前的抗震性能;其中弧形钢板加固后的节点初始刚度较大,滞回环饱满,累计耗能为加固前的3倍,承载力提高70%,加固效果明显。根据试验结果给出了基于转角的震损榫卯节点加固设计方法。     

通过改进节点性能确保火灾下钢框架结构的鲁棒性

介绍了钢框架结构火灾下鲁棒性的背景知识,建议对于非常重要的建筑结构,抗火安全设计必须包括通常设计中尚未考虑到的意外破坏模式。文章辨识了结构意外破坏的不同模式,并提出了保证结构安全性的可行方法。本文主要介绍了如何利用梁的悬链线效应,使荷栽从受损结构重新分配到相邻结构,该效应是梁受弯承载力状态的一种转变。为确保钢梁中悬链线效应的充分发展,最重要的是要保证节点具有足够的抗拉承栽力与转动能力。本文提出了一种节点转动能力需求的量纲分析方法,并根据一些试验结果,介绍了英国常用的梁柱节点可到达的转动能力。虽然一些延性较好的节点在升温时能够达到10°的转动能力,但当钢的温度非常高时,其仍不能满足使悬链线效应充分形成时所需要的转动能力（〉15°）。随后,讨论了如何提高节点的转动能力,包括：采用具有较好延性的节点（例如开反向槽口的节点）,改进节点的细部构造（如将节点的受拉区移近至受压区,并为螺栓开槽型孔）和采用更强的、延性更好的由耐火钢制成的螺栓。这些提出的节点技术需要与节点在其他设计要求下的性能要求相协调（如刚度）,为满足不同的结构性能要求,找到最优的节点设计方法,仍需要更深入的研究。     

隐伏地质构造的大地电磁有限单元法正演模拟

对常见的隐伏地质构造体进行大地电磁场正演模拟,并研究和总结了构造体对大地电磁场的响应特征.由麦克斯韦方程组导出大地电磁场的边界条件,应用有限单元法求解变分问题并得出刚度矩阵,根据线性方程组计算出相应的场值,再由改进的视电阻率定义式求出视电阻率.模拟结果显示:改进的视电阻率定义式相对于传统的Cagniard定义式能有效地提高视电阻率曲线的收敛速度和逼近程度;隐伏地质构造体对大地电磁场的响应具有一定的规律性,通过分析两种极化模式下的正演结果,可以有效地识别地质构造体的存在和分布情况.通过实例分析,得出隐伏地质构造正演模拟与实际观测资料的互相验证关系,为实践应用中的反演工作提供了重要的指导意义.     

云南玉溪盆地电性结构MT测深研究

利用大地电磁测深技术探测了云南玉溪盆地的电性结构及可能的断裂构造分布。在与地质构造近垂直的方向,布设了两条测线进行大地电磁观测,应用Rebocc二维反演方法获得了玉溪盆地两条测线的视电阻率剖面。结果显示,低阻体厚度的变化趋势与盆地第四系沉积层平均厚度的变化类似,在盆地西侧,厚度较深,高阻和低阻界面变化较陡。自西向东,低阻体厚度逐渐减小,高低阻界面变化趋势趋缓。总体来说,低阻体厚度比已有资料给出的沉积层厚度要深,导致这一结果的原因一方面可能是盆地沉积层厚度在不同的区域变化较大,另一方面也可能和沉积层下的岩层富含水资源有关。     

地下结构地震破坏静-动力耦合模拟研究

地下结构地震破坏过程模拟是研究地下结构抗震性能的有效手段,通过人工边界条件设置将围岩土体的自重应力作为动力响应模拟的初始状态,实现了地下结构地震响应静-动力耦合数值模拟。基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS,将极限剪应变作为破坏标准,采用生死单元法模拟了地下结构的地震破坏过程,通过结构埋深考虑了初始地应力对地下结构抗震性能的影响。模拟结果表明,地下结构的抗震性能存在一个最不利埋深,即最容易地震破坏的埋深,当结构的埋深超过最不利埋深时,结构的极限抗震能力增强,若结构产生地震破坏,则结构埋深越深即初始地应力越高其破坏程度也越强。