青藏高原盐湖战略性钾资源元素含量变化特征及影响因素

青藏高原盐湖赋存着丰富的钾资源元素。近年来,在全球变暖和大规模人工开发背景下,青藏高原盐湖卤水钾含量和矿化度发生显著变化。系统对比了青藏高原31个盐湖近年来和1990s之前卤水的钾离子含量和矿化度变化情况,分析其主要影响因素。结果显示,近年来青藏高原盐湖钾离子含量和矿化度总体呈现下降趋势,但不同盐湖变化程度不同;藏北高原、可可西里高原、西昆仑等地区盐湖主要受气候-构造-水文等自然因素影响,钾离子和矿化度下降明显;柴达木盆地盐湖受资源开发和人为干预等因素影响,卤水钾离子含量下降,而矿化度略有增加。     

近20a察尔汗盐湖区景观格局变化与趋势分析

柴达木盆地主要景观类型为干盐湖和盐渍地,为了解区内各类景观类型空间分布特征、景观类型变化转移矩阵及变化趋势,分别选取了2000年、2010年、2020年作为3个关键研究时段,以Landsat TM多光谱卫星遥感数据为数据源,采用水体指数法与目视解译相结合的方法,建立了七类遥感图像解译标志,对近20a察尔汗盐湖区景观格局变化进行了分析。结果表明:察尔汗湖区的工矿用地面积、盐田面积、人工湿地(水库)面积在2000~2020年呈现出明显增加的趋势,而盐湖和干盐湖的面积呈现出明显减少的趋势;2000年以后,人工湿地(水库)的面积逐年增长达到了218.88 km²,在以盐滩戈壁为主的原生环境比较恶劣的盐湖区内,这片新生水域为当地野生动植物提供了十分宝贵的生境场所。     

察尔汗盐湖区生物种类调查及生态环境保护建议

随着察尔汗盐湖资源开发活动强度的不断增加,各种人工设施和水利工程数量日渐增加,对生态环境的影响也逐步明显,因此本研究对盐湖区生态多样性和生态景观格局的变化趋势开展系统调查。主要通过梳理文献和对察尔汗盐湖周边的重点补给河流格尔木河的干支流及附属人工防洪堤水库水体开展生物多样性调查与评估,主要查明生物种类、分布、数量,评估生物多样性现状,并从保护生物多样性的角度为盐湖区生态环境保护提供建议。     

东濮凹陷盐湖准层序发育特征研究

层序地层学理论是在研究海相地层的基础上发展起来的,它注重的是地层的沉积成因和周期性的旋回变化。准层序是层序的基本组成单元,代表一个水体向上变浅的沉积过程,在开展层序地层学研究工作时加强对准层序的分析非常重要。通过应用岩心、测井等资料开展高分辨层序地层学研究发现,陆相地层中准层序的发育特征与海相明显不同,表现为以向上变细的正韵律为主。通过深入分析影响陆相地层层序发育的主要控制因素,指出构造是决定湖盆有无的先决条件,气候和沉积物供给是层序发育的决定性因素。研究成果进一步丰富了陆相层序地层学理论,使得层序边界的划分和识别更趋合理和可操作性,使等时性地层对比和岩性对比趋于统一,从而也可以更好地开展沉积相和沉积微相描述。通过实际应用,进一步明确了东濮凹陷深水成盐观点,指出砂岩与盐岩属于夹在稳定泥页岩中的同时异相的沉积体,这种认识为东濮凹陷深层低渗透储层地震预测提供了新的思路。     

新型复合生物质锂吸附剂的制备及吸附性能研究

以KMnO₄、苯胺、LiOH和生物质碳气凝胶(BCA)为原料,通过水热沉积法得到了锰酸锂(LMO)负载的生物质碳气凝胶(BCA@LMO),并用HCl酸洗后得到了BCA@HMO复合锂吸附剂。利用IR、XRD、XPS、SEM、EDS、Mapping、BET等手段对其结构进行了表征。考察了pH值、离子强度、初始浓度、温度和吸附时间对锂吸附的影响。结果表明,复合吸附剂为介孔结构,其孔道内和表面具有丰富的锰酸锂颗粒,Li⁺的最大平衡吸附量在pH=12时为4.07 mmol·g-1,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温线和准二阶动力学模型,升高温度和碱性环境利于Li⁺的吸附。吸附机理为H⁺与Li⁺的离子交换。复合吸附剂较好地改善了锰系锂吸附剂固液分离困难的问题,该吸附剂在实际南翼山盐田和东台吉乃尔盐田卤水(2.92 mmol·g-1)中具有良好的吸附性能。因此,该吸附剂在卤水锂的分离中具有良好的应用价值和潜力。     

罗布泊罗北凹地科钾1井盐类矿物组合及找钾研究

LDK01井盐类矿物组合中新发现深部（242—660m）碎屑岩层中含少量石盐、钾石盐、光卤石、泻利盐等盐矿物组合,研究它们的成因,有助于指导塔里木和罗布泊深部找钾。     

Changing Properties of Snowpack in the Great Salt Lake Basin,Western United States,from a 26-Year SNOTEL Record

Daily observations from automated snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) stations from within the drainage basin of the Great Salt Lake over the period from 1982 to 2007 are analyzed. The major finding is a shift toward an earlier date of peak snow water equivalent (SWE) by around fifteen days. Less robust findings are reductions in the amounts of peak SWE and 1 April SWE. This suggests increased chances of late-summer water shortages, especially when combined with rapid recent population growth. Less freshwater is likely to be available to flow into the Great Salt Lake, increasing its salinity and potentially affecting its ecology.     

吉兰泰盐湖的形成及指示的环境意义

选择位于季风边缘区的吉兰泰盐湖为研究对象,利用OSL和14C测年手段重建湖面波动历史,探讨盐湖形成年代与环境变化过程。通过大范围的野外调查发现,在该湖泊南部地区发育高于现代干盐滩9 m的湖滨砂沉积,上覆风成砂沉积,其中湖滨沉积物的OSL年代为6.7 ka BP前后,表明当时该湖泊处于浅水状态,此后湖水经历了快速的下降过程。对于盐湖中心剖面点盐层之下粘土层的14C测年显示,在5 500 aBP以来,集聚大量的石膏、芒硝和石盐等蒸发盐类,该湖泊进入成盐期。通过区域对比发现,吉兰泰湖面快速下降阶段与季风边缘区中全新世干旱事件发生时间相对应。研究认为,吉兰泰盐类矿物的开始沉积,反映了中全新世阿拉善高原区域环境的突然变化,可能指示着5.5 Cal ka BP前后干旱事件的发生。     

Salinity tolerance in Schinopsis quebracho colorado: Seed germination, growth, ion relations and metabolic responses

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress influencing plant productivity worldwide. Schinopsis quebracho colorado is one of the most important woody species in the Gran Chaco, an arid and salt-prone subtropical biome of South America. To gain a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms that allow plant establishment under salt conditions, germination and seedling growth of S. quebracho colorado were examined under treatment with a range of NaCl solutions (germination: 0–300 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl; seedling growth: 0–200 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl). The aim was to test the hypothesis that S. quebracho colorado is a glycophite that shows different salt tolerance responses with development stage. Proline content, total soluble carbohydrates and Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations in leaves and roots of seedlings, and the chlorophyll concentration and relative water content of leaves were measured. Germination was not affected by 100 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl, but decreased at a concentration of 200 mmol l⁻¹. At 300 mmol l⁻¹ NaCl, germination did not occur. Seedling growth decreased drastically with increasing salinity. An increase in NaCl from 0 to 100 mmol l⁻¹ also significantly reduced the leaf relative water content by 22% and increased the proline concentration by 60% in roots. In contrast, total soluble carbohydrates were not significantly affected by salinity. Seedlings showed a sodium exclusion capacity, and there was an inverse correlation between Cl⁻ concentration and the total chlorophyll concentration. S. quebracho colorado was more tolerant to salinity during germination than in the seedling phase. The results suggest that this increased tolerance during germination might, in part, be the result of lower sensitivity to high tissue Na⁺ concentrations. The significant increment of proline in the roots suggests the positive role of this amino acid as a compatible solute in balancing the accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ as a result of salinity. These results help clarify the physiological mechanisms that allow establishment of S. quebracho colorado on salt-affected soils in arid and semi-arid Gran Chaco.     

罗布泊腾龙台地第四系含钾盐类矿物赋存特征分析

罗布泊腾龙台地第四系盐类矿物中部分地段含钾,局部已达工业品位.本文从含钾盐类矿物的主要赋存层位及分布特征入手,在大量观察钻孔岩心和薄片、样品测试基础上,对第四纪含盐系,尤其是含钾盐类矿物赋存特征和分布进行分析,初步总结了3种成矿模式,从沉积时代学角度分析了今后固体钾盐找矿方向.