柴达木盆地盐湖中的风成砂

柴达木盆地盐湖干盐滩上分布有大面积的沙丘、沙垅、沙地,表面被盐壳覆盖,盐湖含盐系中掺杂有大量的风成砂。风成砂形成时代最早为中更新世晚期,晚更新世晚期至全新世为盐湖中风成砂形成的鼎盛时期,也是整个柴达木盆地沙漠化过程的主要时期     

The role of visual saliency in the automation of seismic interpretation

In this paper, we propose a workflow based on SalSi for the detection and delineation of geological structures such as salt domes. SalSi is a seismic attribute designed based on the modelling of human visual system that detects the salient features and captures the spatial correlation within seismic volumes for delineating seismic structures. Using this attribute we cannot only highlight the neighbouring regions of salt domes to assist a seismic interpreter but also delineate such structures using a region growing method and post‐processing. The proposed delineation workflow detects the salt‐dome boundary with very good precision and accuracy. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed workflow on a real seismic dataset acquired from the North Sea, F3 block. For the subjective evaluation of the results of different salt‐dome delineation algorithms, we have used a reference salt‐dome boundary interpreted by a geophysicist. For the objective evaluation of results, we have used five different metrics based on pixels, shape, and curvedness to establish the effectiveness of the proposed workflow. The proposed workflow is not only fast but also yields better results as compared with other salt‐dome delineation algorithms and shows a promising potential in seismic interpretation.     

考虑高低温影响因素的金属密封总成性能分析

水下井口系统环空金属密封总成设计是水下油气装备国产化核心技术之一。前期国内相关研究人员已在密封设计、密封机理等方面形成共识,但密封性能评价的全面性和准确性依旧存在不足。鉴于此,提出考虑高低温影响的金属密封总成性能评价方法,构建了“有限元分析+室内测试+无损探伤”的评价流程。评价结果显示:温度是金属密封设计及性能评价过程中不可忽略的重要影响因素;设计温度范围内,该金属密封总成的密封性能及主体结构强度满足设计要求,但仍不同程度地受到温度变化影响;相对于常规方法,该评价方法更加全面准确,可为该领域其它密封设计提供借鉴和参考。     

The role of basement tectonic reactivation on the structural evolution of Campos Basin,offshore Brazil: Evidence from 3D seismic analysis and section restoration

The structural analysis of regional 3D seismic data shows evidence of long-term tectonic inheritance in Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. Main Lower Cretaceous rift structures controlled themselves by strike-slip deformation belts related to Proterozoic orogenic events, have been episodically reactivated during the divergent margin phase of Campos Basin, from the Albian to the Miocene. Balanced cross-sections of major salt structures indicate that such tectonic reactivations have been controlling thin-skinned salt tectonics, triggering pulses of gravitational gliding above the Aptian salt detachment. Additionally, major basin features like the Neogene progradation front and the salt tectonic domains are constrained by the main Proterozoic orogenic trends of the Ribeira Belt (NE–SW) and the Vitória-Colatina Belt (NNW–SSE). As the basement involved structures observed in Campos Basin can be attributed to general geodynamic processes, it is suggested that basement tectonic reactivation can be as relevant as isostatic adjustment and detached thin-skinned tectonics on the structural evolution of divergent margin settings.     

Salt structures in the Laizhouwan depression, offshore Bohai Bay basin, eastern China: New insights from 3D seismic data

Using the new high-quality 3D seismic data, this paper addresses the salt structures in the KL11 area of the Laizhouwan depression in the southern offshore Bohai Bay basin. In the study area, the salt in the Sha-4 Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation thickened, and then formed an S–N trending salt wall, which changes shape regularly along its trend from salt diapir to salt pillow. The change in thickness of the suprasalt layers record five growth phases of the salt wall from the Eocene to the Quaternary: (1) early diapirism, (2) active diapirism, (3) passive diapirism, (4) relative structural quiescence, and (5) arching. The evolution of the salt structures was mostly governed by the multi-phase compression induced by the dextral strike-slip of the Tan–Lu fault, which formed a restraining bend in the study area. There was an original passive stock in the south, which was later tectonically squeezed by E–W compression and became a diapir. As the shortening propagated to the north from the original stock, the salt pillow was created in the north. Relative structural quiescence then followed until the next phase of compression, which arched the thick roof of the salt wall.     

鹿道口高盐环境中一株溶血性葡萄球菌分离、鉴定与生理特征

试验从威海市羊亭镇鹿道口盐场筛选、纯化了1种性状优良的菌株Staphylococcus haemolyticus wh-2,该菌株具有较强的生长代谢的能力,在多方面都表现优良,具有抗裂解,抗低温等性质,在不同逆境环境下培养与观察,认识到微生物在不同逆境环境下的生理多样性,是1株有优良特征的资源菌株.经16SrDNA鉴定分析,鉴定为溶血性葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus haemolyticus wh-2).     

中国含盐盆地卤水溴元素分布与物源

中国含盐盆地赋存丰富的盐湖卤水和深部卤水资源,卤水中富集溴(Br)元素,具有潜在的开发利用价值。Br作为盐湖卤水中重要的资源元素,目前对其分布规律和物质来源的系统对比研究鲜有报道。本文以柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖四个区段晶间卤水为研究对象,分析整个湖区Br元素分布规律和物质来源,对比中国不同含盐盆地卤水Br资源变化和物源联系,并总结不同卤水开发利用价值。结果表明：① 察尔汗盐湖Br含量呈东高西低特征且不同区段差异明显;② 别勒滩和达布逊区段卤水低Br受河流补给并经蒸发富集,而察尔汗和霍布逊区段高Br受北部断裂带上涌富Ca泉水补给;③ 中国含盐盆地(柴达木盆地、库车盆地、江汉盆地、吉泰盆地)大部分深部卤水高Br值主要受水- 岩反应、沉积物及有机质中Br的解吸获得;④ 盐湖晶间卤水虽远不及深部卤水Br含量高,但其优点在于便于开发、综合利用率高,尤其浓缩卤水及老卤中的Br含量可预见性的高于工业开采品位,是当下和今后值得关注的资源。     

长江河口盐水入侵锋研究

根据１９５９－１９８８年部分年份长江口南港南槽、南港－北槽－北港和北支共２２个纵向测次资料，计算分析各入海通道向盐水入侵锋的伸退区域及其特征。利用密度佛氏数Ｆ＇ｘ的计算结果，提出确定盐度锋迁移范围和滞流点的判据。研究结果表明，盐度锋对河口量大浑浊带主要有两大贡献：锋区含盐有利于泥沙絮凝；锋面附近形成的重力环流，有利于泥沙富集，形成最大浑浊带。     

Spontaneous tidal network formation within a constructed salt marsh: Observations and morphodynamic modelling

We have monitored and analyzed, through remote sensing and ancillary field surveys, the rapid (O(1) year) development of a tidal network within a newly established artificial salt marsh in the Venice Lagoon. After the construction of the salt marsh, a network of volunteer creeks established themselves away from an artificially constructed main channel (with mean and maximum annual headward-growth rates of 11 m/yr and 18 m/yr, respectively). The rapid formation of this system of tidal creeks provides a unique opportunity to test the reliability of a model of tidal network initiation and development, previously proposed by the authors. The restored marsh presents the characteristics of a controlled environment analogous to a large-scale field laboratory, as it allows comparison of the morphologic features of real and simulated network structures under the reasonable assumption of neglecting accretion and deposition processes over the timescales of observation. Our results compare favorably with observational evidence, showing that the model proves reasonably capable of reproducing the main features of the actual channel-network patterns. The model reproduces statistical network characteristics of eco-morphodynamic and hydrodynamic relevance and captures the dominant modes of the network-incision process.     

Correction of the Buckingham–Darcy Law for flow of high strength salts in variably saturated porous media

The Buckingham–Darcy Law is used to describe fluid flow in unsaturated porous media at low Reynolds number. In order to provide a priori corrections to this law, a process thermodynamic approach is utilized to ascertain the functional dependence. Using this knowledge, corrections to the hydraulic conductivity coefficient are proposed and compared with available data. The proposed corrections substantially predict the observed behavior of flow of high concentration (saturated) sodium chloride solutions in porous media. During the derivation, physical principles consistent with the thermodynamics of the system were utilized. A review of these principles and their results provides an alternative form of the generalized Gibbs–Duhem Relation for continuous processes, indicating that the identical equivalence to zero is unlikely to occur for dissipative processes. Further, the postulated Gibbs and Gibbs–Duhem Relations indicate that special differential operators need to be used for continuous processes rather than the usual use of a generic differential.