察尔汗盐湖卤水中CaCl2对盐田生产的影响

提出了青海盐湖钾肥公司据生产需要 ,开辟新的采卤区后 ,卤水组份发生变化问题。根据分析与试验探讨了CaCl2 在盐田生产中的影响及应采取的措施     

Sedimentary response of Pagham Harbour, southern England to barrier breaching in AD 1910

This paper examines the evolution of Pagham Harbour, southern England following storm-induced breaching of a protective barrier in AD 1910. Stratigraphic studies of sediments collected from intertidal areas show the presence of a distinct stratigraphic horizon in the northeast of Pagham Harbour at ca. 0 to +1.0 m ordnance datum (OD). Radiometric data indicate that this horizon is a ‘reclamation surface’ formed after land claim in AD 1846. Following marine flooding in AD 1910, sediment has accreted relatively rapidly (at a broadly constant rate of between 4 and 8 mm a⁻¹), wave and/or tidal energy have decreased and extensive marshes have developed. An asymptotic reduction in sediment accretion rate through time, as predicted in various theoretical models of salt marsh accretion, is not observed. Over the entire Pagham Harbour area, the period between AD 1948 and AD 1986 has seen an average marsh loss of 0.0087 km² a⁻¹, which is relatively small in comparison with other more exposed sites in the local area. Historically breached sites such as Pagham Harbour are common around European coasts, and these provide important natural laboratories within which the medium-term (decadal to centennial) coastal response to barrier breaching, and to managed-realignment coastal protection schemes, can be assessed.     

盐生植物萌发期对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的适应研究进展

目前我国盐渍土地面积较大,尤其是青藏高原的盐渍地,常伴有干旱、半干旱的生境,导致植物不易生长,生态环境日渐恶劣,这种生态现状亟待解决。盐生植物具有一定的耐盐性和耐旱性,是改善盐渍地的首选植物,种子的活力决定了种子萌发的情况,多数学者为改善严峻的生态环境开始了盐生植物引种的研究。测定种子活力有直接方法和间接方法,大多数学者采用的是直接方法,即在实验室模拟一定条件直接测定萌发率。本文简述了盐生植物的概况、制造胁迫的主要方法以及检测种子活力的指标,综述了近年来各位学者对盐爪爪、白刺等具有代表性的22种盐生植物在种子萌发期的耐盐性以及抗旱性的相关研究,为改善盐渍地的生态环境、提升盐渍地的生产量提供了理论依据。     

Digital mapping of Blakeney Point,North Norfolk

This second paper in a short series again presents an up-to-date digital map of a classic British coastal landform, Blakeney Point in north Norfolk, and argues for the wider use of readily available, PC-based graphics software in geomorphological cartography. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渤海湾风暴潮倒灌对沿岸农田土壤盐分的影响

2003年10月11日渤海湾沧州范围内发生特大温带风暴潮,其摧毁沿岸养殖场后涌向沿海农田区域,海水倒灌农田浸泡持续时间达10~15 d不等。2004年5月3日,对浸泡农田土壤采样进行盐分分析,结果表明,经海水浸泡后农田全部盐碱化,且盐分主要聚集在土壤表层;46%的土地出现碱斑,0~90 cm土体内土壤含盐量较浸泡前普遍增加,0~10 cm表层含盐量高达1.134%;浸泡后0~25 cm土体内含盐离子组成较之浸泡前有显著变化,Cl－含量增加了33.3%,Na++K+含量增加了39.4%;降雨淋溶可以使土壤盐分含量明显下降,且为主要影响因素;经过一年后,土壤盐分含量降低到0.308%,而两年后,受灾土壤盐分含量降低到0.265%左右,可以种植耐盐性较强的作物。     

作物的耐盐性及盐水灌溉管理

盐从水分关系、离子毒害、营养和能量平衡等方面影响植物的生长。不同的植物具有不同的耐盐性,同一植物在不同生长期的耐盐性也有差异。有效的灌溉管理是盐水灌溉农业的基础,高频率灌溉有利于缓解由于盐引起的水分亏缺,和对根系带洗盐,同时必须保持植物根系带土壤良好的通透条件。沙地更适合于盐水灌溉,滴灌是最为有效的灌溉方式。灌溉水盐分的增加将导致大多数作物的产量下降,但某些作物品质的改善可在一定程度上补偿产量下降的损失。     

柴达木盆地盐湖中的风成砂

柴达木盆地盐湖干盐滩上分布有大面积的沙丘、沙垅、沙地,表面被盐壳覆盖,盐湖含盐系中掺杂有大量的风成砂。风成砂形成时代最早为中更新世晚期,晚更新世晚期至全新世为盐湖中风成砂形成的鼎盛时期,也是整个柴达木盆地沙漠化过程的主要时期     

The role of visual saliency in the automation of seismic interpretation

In this paper, we propose a workflow based on SalSi for the detection and delineation of geological structures such as salt domes. SalSi is a seismic attribute designed based on the modelling of human visual system that detects the salient features and captures the spatial correlation within seismic volumes for delineating seismic structures. Using this attribute we cannot only highlight the neighbouring regions of salt domes to assist a seismic interpreter but also delineate such structures using a region growing method and post‐processing. The proposed delineation workflow detects the salt‐dome boundary with very good precision and accuracy. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed workflow on a real seismic dataset acquired from the North Sea, F3 block. For the subjective evaluation of the results of different salt‐dome delineation algorithms, we have used a reference salt‐dome boundary interpreted by a geophysicist. For the objective evaluation of results, we have used five different metrics based on pixels, shape, and curvedness to establish the effectiveness of the proposed workflow. The proposed workflow is not only fast but also yields better results as compared with other salt‐dome delineation algorithms and shows a promising potential in seismic interpretation.     

柴达木盆地西台吉乃尔盐湖沉积的年代学研究

柴达木盆地中部西台吉乃尔盐湖成因及其年代框架还存在争议。通过应用光释光测年法（OSL）和放射性碳测年法（AMS¹⁴C）测定两支分别来自该盐湖中部及东部边缘区域的岩芯,获得4个OSL和5个AMS¹⁴C年代数据。结果表明：（1） 对于老于30 ka的样品放射性碳测年法存在明显的年代低估,而对于年轻样品则存在约4.0 ka的碳库效应,相对而言光释光测年方法具有一定的合理性。（2） 两支岩芯顶部粉砂质粘土层形成于约0.3 ka,中部含粉砂质粘土盐层形成于大约4.0 ka,底部粉砂质粘土层则至少形成于70 ka 之前。     

考虑高低温影响因素的金属密封总成性能分析

水下井口系统环空金属密封总成设计是水下油气装备国产化核心技术之一。前期国内相关研究人员已在密封设计、密封机理等方面形成共识,但密封性能评价的全面性和准确性依旧存在不足。鉴于此,提出考虑高低温影响的金属密封总成性能评价方法,构建了“有限元分析+室内测试+无损探伤”的评价流程。评价结果显示:温度是金属密封设计及性能评价过程中不可忽略的重要影响因素;设计温度范围内,该金属密封总成的密封性能及主体结构强度满足设计要求,但仍不同程度地受到温度变化影响;相对于常规方法,该评价方法更加全面准确,可为该领域其它密封设计提供借鉴和参考。