沧桑数千年,旧貌换新颜—山西运城盐池的历史演变

据有关历史资料，分析研究了运城盐湖资源利用的科技发展史，阐述了运城盐湖在古代文明中的地位，同时较为详尽地分折了各历史阶段利用盐湖制业的古老工艺并概括了他们的特点．     

新疆的硝酸盐盐湖

本文重点介绍了新疆盐湖的硝酸盐和硝酸盐盐湖，并对其成因进行了探讨．     

Rates and patterns of bedrock denudation by coastal salt spray weathering: A seven-year record

Rapid surface lowering of bedrock is taking place in the supratidal zone by salt spray weathering. A seven-year run of data demonstrates a mean rate of lowering of 0·625 mm a^?1. Considerable variation exists in annual point lowering values within measurement sites, although between-site variation is not significant. Aggregate year to year variations in surface lowering are not significant. Spatial variation in individual point values may be compensated by temporal variation over an 11-year period. There is a marked summer maximum in surface lowering rate, and this is strongly correlated with monthly air temperature. Spatially and temporally episodic swelling of the rock surface is demonstrated. This does not correlate statistically with any available climatic variable and is deemed to be a real and largely stochastic phenomenon. It is interpreted as rock bursting at the granular scale due to haloclasty. The processes most likely to be responsible for the observed rapid denudation are crystallization and thermal expansion of halite, both of which are enhanced by high summer temperatures.     

Salt marsh cliff stability in the oosterschelde

Salt marsh cliff erosion in the Oosterschelde, due to basal scour and small-scale failure, was monitored during a two-year period using reference stakes. The composite marsh cliffs have a cantilever profile. Their stability is evaluated from beam failure analysis. A model is proposed, in which the cantilever weight is taken as the motive force; the major resistive force is the tensile strength. By substituting height, undermining width and soil mechanical properties of the cliff in the model, one can identify the cliffs that are likely to fail. Salt marsh cliffs, which combine a large tensile strength due to roots at the top of the profile with a large compressive stress at the cliff base due to the sandy texture of the subsoil, display the highest resistance to beam failure. The critical cliff dimensions, observed in the field, correspond with the values calculated from the proposed model of beam failure.     

Long-term changes in salt marsh extent affected by channel deepening in a modified estuary

The aim of this study is to quantify the long-term (54 years) rates of marsh extension and retreat at two sites in the Westerschelde Estuary, SW Netherlands. Nine sets of aerial photographs were obtained for each of the two salt marsh sites, Zuidgors and Waarde, taken at various times between 1944 and 1998. The seaward edges of the marshes were digitised from rectified images after the photographs had been scanned and georegistered to the Dutch National Grid. Comparison of the extents of the marshes at these nine time points revealed that the areas of both marshes had fluctuated during these 54 years with periods of both extension and retreat of the seaward marsh edges. These periods of extension and retreat appeared to be approximately synchronised until the 1990s, with mean changes in position of marsh front ranging from −7.92 to 6.04 m a⁻¹.The rate of landward retreat and seaward extension of the marsh front is shown to be related to an increase in the tidal prism brought about by dredging operations to maintain or increase the depth of the main navigable channel of the estuary. The consequent greater frequency with which the high tides reach the edge of the fringing marshes increases the risk of erosion. Strong westerly winds may also be a factor in increasing erosion. No relationship between the volume of shipping traffic using the estuary and marsh erosion was found.     

论盐矿化学分析项目的合理选择

盐矿化学分析 ,对研究盐矿组分全貌 ,分析盐类沉积阶段 ,评价盐矿质量 ,制订采卤工艺等方面都是极其重要的手段。依据多年来从事探盐找钾工作的实践经验 ,对盐矿所含易溶、难溶两种盐类组分 ,提出了水溶和酸溶两个系统的分析 ,并针对不同类型盐矿的化学分析项目进行了合理选择     

Constraints on hydraulic parameters and implications for groundwater flux across the upland–estuary interface

Analyses of independent laboratory- and field-scale measurements from two sites on Sapelo Island, Georgia reveal heterogeneity in hydraulic parameters across the upland–estuary interface. Regardless of the method used (short-duration pumping tests, amplitude attenuation of tidal pumping data, sediment grain size distributions, and falling head permeameter tests), we obtain hydraulic conductivity of 10⁻⁴ m s⁻¹ for the fine-grained, well-sorted, clean sands that make up the upland areas. Proximal to the upland–estuary boundary, the tidal pumping analyses and permeameter tests suggest that hydraulic conductivities decrease by more than two orders of magnitude, a result consistent with the presence of a clogging layer. Such a clogging layer may arise due to a variety of physical, chemical, or biological processes. The extent and orientation of the layers of reduced hydraulic conductivity near the upland–estuary boundary influence the nature of the aquifer's response to tidal forcing. Where the lower conductivity layer forms a relatively flat creek bank, tidal pumping produces a primarily mechanical response in the adjacent aquifer. Where the creek bank is nearly vertical, there is a more direct hydraulic connection between the tidal creek and the adjacent aquifer. The clogging layer likely contributes to the development of complicated flow pathways across the upland–estuary boundary. Effective flow paths calculated from tidal pumping data terminate within the marsh, beyond the boundary of the upland aquifer, suggesting a diffuse regime of groundwater discharge in the marsh. We postulate that, in many settings, submarsh flow may be as important as seepage faces for groundwater discharge into the marsh–estuary complex.     

负压地层形成机制及其对油气藏的影响

具异常压力场特征的盆地在我国比较普遍，但更多的是研究超压体系，对于异常低压体系的成因与机制在国内还没有很好的解释。盆地内的广泛沉积造成的巨厚沉积地层，并在随后的地层抬升过程中造成的严重剥蚀，导致剥蚀反弹现象，从而形成负压区。由于地层的温度或其他因素的影响，也会造成局部的负压现象。根据百色盆地的负压现象，从其成因着手,分析其形成过程有其对该地区油气藏的影响。负压造成流体的局部回流，形成低压封隔窗，促使油气二次运移，从而改造油气藏的分布，形成一些与负压有关的油气藏。     

TPD软件绘制水盐体系三元相图

介绍了三种三角相图绘图软件 ,着重说明用Delphi5开发设计绘图软件 (TPD)解决了几个难点 ,达到具有多功能特点的水盐体系专用计算机绘图软件。实现了快速绘制三元平衡相图。并应用本程序绘制了不同类型相图。表明该程序方便、快速和可靠 ,所绘图形满意     

西部含锂、钾、镁、硼盐卤资源水盐体系相化学研究

从资源特点出发 ,分别回顾了含锂、钾、镁氯化物多元水盐体系 ,镁水泥体系 ,盐卤锂、钾卤化物水盐体系的相化学研究 ,概括了主要研究成果并指出实际应用上的关键问题 ,以及研究的主要内容。