从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法

脆性断层和塑性断层断裂带内部结构存在差异: 脆性断层断裂带由以断层岩和伴生裂缝为特征的破碎带和诱导裂缝带2部分组成; 塑性断层断裂带表现为几条充填断层泥大裂缝的组合, 诱导裂缝带不发育.破碎带内部伴生裂缝、无粘结力断层岩带和诱导裂缝带都可能成为油气运移的通道, 只有这3种通道均封闭, 脆性断层垂向才是封闭的.只要伴生裂缝封闭, 塑性断层就是封闭的.基于这种封闭机理, 分析了3种通道封闭的条件: 无粘结力断层岩带是否封闭取决于断层泥含量大小; 破碎带内部伴生裂缝的封闭性取决于断面压力和断层泥塑性强度关系; 诱导裂缝带封闭程度受控于后期成岩充填的程度.提出了利用断面压力、断层泥的含量和塑性强度、后期成岩程度综合判定不同性质断层垂向封闭性评价方法.并利用该方法对克拉2构造F₁断层垂向封闭性进行了评价, 结果表明F₁断层垂向封闭性具有分段性: ①和③段均表现为脆性, 但①段因诱导裂缝没有被充填不封闭, ③段是封闭的; ②段是塑性断层, 垂向封闭性好.这是克拉2构造有大规模天然气聚集成藏的关键因素之一.      

中国盐湖钾盐50年回顾与展望

从中国盐湖钾盐 5 0年回顾 ,充分阐述了中国盐湖资源多、大、富、全等特点 ,及科学家们取得的科技成果。针对中国盐湖钾盐综合利用和高值化开发 ,提出了几点建议。     

西部含锂、钾、镁、硼盐卤资源水盐体系相化学研究

从资源特点出发 ,分别回顾了含锂、钾、镁氯化物多元水盐体系 ,镁水泥体系 ,盐卤锂、钾卤化物水盐体系的相化学研究 ,概括了主要研究成果并指出实际应用上的关键问题 ,以及研究的主要内容。     

Rates and patterns of bedrock denudation by coastal salt spray weathering: A seven-year record

Rapid surface lowering of bedrock is taking place in the supratidal zone by salt spray weathering. A seven-year run of data demonstrates a mean rate of lowering of 0·625 mm a^?1. Considerable variation exists in annual point lowering values within measurement sites, although between-site variation is not significant. Aggregate year to year variations in surface lowering are not significant. Spatial variation in individual point values may be compensated by temporal variation over an 11-year period. There is a marked summer maximum in surface lowering rate, and this is strongly correlated with monthly air temperature. Spatially and temporally episodic swelling of the rock surface is demonstrated. This does not correlate statistically with any available climatic variable and is deemed to be a real and largely stochastic phenomenon. It is interpreted as rock bursting at the granular scale due to haloclasty. The processes most likely to be responsible for the observed rapid denudation are crystallization and thermal expansion of halite, both of which are enhanced by high summer temperatures.     

Assessing the performance of a foraminifera-based transfer function to estimate sea-level changes in northern Portugal

We assessed the performance of a transfer function model for sea-level studies using salt-marsh foraminifera from two estuaries of northern Portugal. An independent data set of 12 samples and 13 sub-fossil samples from a core were used to evaluate if reconstructions and errors derived from current models are adequate. Initial transfer function models provided very strong results as indicated by cross-validation (component 2; r² = 0.80-0.82; RMSEP ranged from 10.7 to 12.3 cm) and improved its performance by ca. 10% when sample size reached ca. 50. Results derived using an independent test data set indicate that cross-validation is a very effective approach and produces conservative errors when compared to observed errors. We additionally explored the possible effect of transforming the concentration data into percent in the error estimations by comparing the results obtained based on the use of both concentration and compositional data. Results indicate that this type of transformation does not affect the performance of the transfer function. Results derived from a reconstruction of sub-fossil samples from a core indicate that high-resolution sea-level reconstructions are possible, but show that depositional environments have to be selected carefully in order to minimize the impact of possible taphonomical loss.     

新疆罗布泊地区盐湖资源与综合利用研究取得阶段性成果

我国钾盐矿资源贫乏 ,长期以来钾肥生产量很低 ,供不应求 ,一直依赖大量进口来满足工农业生产对钾的需求。罗布泊盐湖是我国最著名的盐湖之一。最新的研究资料表明 ,新疆罗布泊地区有望成为我国继察尔汗盐湖后的又一大型钾肥生产基地。特别是罗布泊地区阿其克谷地大量淡水资源的发现 ,为该地区盐化工业的发展奠定了基础 ,并可能成为我国最大的硫酸钾产地。虽然目前罗布泊地区自然环境恶劣、交通不便 ,尚不具备盐湖资源开发的条件 ,但随着该地区经济的发展和石油工业的迅速崛起 ,必将促进该区盐湖资源研究开发的进程。为了加快罗布泊盐湖资源…     

Salt tectonics in pull-apart basins with application to the Dead Sea Basin

The Dead Sea Basin displays a broad range of salt-related structures that developed in a sinistral strike-slip tectonic environment: en échelon salt ridges, large salt diapirs, transverse oblique normal faults, salt walls and rollovers. Laboratory experiments are used to investigate the mechanics of salt tectonics in pull-apart systems. The results show that in an elongated pull-apart basin the basin fill, although decoupled from the underlying basement by a salt layer, remains frictionally coupled to the boundary. The basin fill, therefore, undergoes a strike-slip shear couple that simultaneously generates en échelon fold trains and oblique normal faults, trending mutually perpendicular. According to the orientation of basin boundaries, sedimentary cover deformation can be dominantly contractional or extensional, at the extremities of pull-apart basins forming either folds and thrusts or normal faults, respectively. These guidelines, applied to the analysis of the Dead Sea Basin, show that the various salt-related structures form a coherent set in the frame of a sinistral strike-slip shearing deformation of the sedimentary basin fill.     

基于FEFLOW的海水入侵数值模拟

在系统分析珠江口东岸地区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,建立了研究区海水入侵三维溶质模型,利用基于有限元原理的FEFLOW软件对建立的模型进行求解,用地下水位和浓度的动态观测资料对模型进行了识别和校验。运用识别后的模型预测了在不同开采条件下,研究区海水入侵的趋势。研究结果表明减少地下水开采量,海水入侵面积可逐步减少,入侵可得到有效控制;在减少开采量的情况下,相较于基岩裂隙含水层,第四系含水层海水入侵面积收缩较慢。     

油页岩原位注浆封闭浆液配方研究

油页岩在原位开采过程中,开采井与周围环境相通,原位产生的油气容易渗入周围地层形成环境污染,目前尚没有一种经济性较好的原位封闭技术来解决该难题。本文基于注浆封闭原理,通过试验探究,提出采用无污染且造价低的超细水泥注浆配方来对开采区进行封闭。经过系列配方的优化选择,最终确定优化的配方是水灰比为0.8,微硅粉掺量为6%,膨润土掺量为2%,聚羧酸减水剂掺量为0.4%,此时浆液的性能基本达到工程要求。     

Visualizing the spatial water quality of Bentota,Sri Lanka in the presence of seawater intrusion

Seawater flows towards the inlands along with the rivers and canals, through the process of infiltration and leaks in the ground water characterized by high concentrations of soluble salts. High salinity concentrations can make groundwater unsuitable for public consumption and surface water unsuitable for irrigation and agricultural activities. This study envisages the fluctuations of ground and surface water quality of Bentota area in the presence of seawater intrusion. The temporal and spatial variations of eleven water parameters were monitored by collecting the water samples during one year period. Spatial distributions were assessed by applying the Inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method in Arc GIS 10.5 software. Water quality is assessed on the integration of all parameters in terms of an index based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The significant linear relationship between the considered parameters of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) were identified applying correlation analysis using SPSS software. All parameters of surface water were above the permissible limits of WHO standards. Surface water quality index values with respect to 60% of canals show very poor quality (>1 250) of surface water indicating their unsuitability for irrigation activities. Those surface water bodies indicated very highly saline conditions during dry months. The spatial distribution of ground water quality index with respect to the highest parameter values of each sampling location indicates that 52.2% of total land extent of Bentota Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) has good quality of ground water which is suitable for drinking. Its 47.2% of total land extent has poor quality of ground water for drinking purpose and less than 0.5% of the area consists of excellent or very poor quality of ground water in each. This study helps to manage coastal aquifers by understanding the extreme water quality conditions and coastal salinity.