Physiological Responses of Halophyte Suaeda salsa to Water Table and Salt Stresses in Coastal Wetland of Yellow River Delta

Soil salinity and waterlogging are two major environmental problems in estuarine wetlands. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salt stress, water table, and their combination on growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidant system, and ion accumulation in Suaeda salsa plant, which is the pioneer plant in coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta (YRD). The results showed that plant height, number of branches, and biomass were significantly affected by water table and salt stress. With enhanced salt stress, the ratio of leaf to total biomass increased and the ratio of root to total biomass decreased. The contents of Chl‐a, ‐b, Chl‐a + b, and carotenoids (Car) decreased significantly with increasing soil salinity and the water table level. Salt stress enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), but reduced the content of protein. With the lowering water table level, the activity of CAT and protein content increased, and activity of SOD decreased. Na⁺ and Cl^? content were up‐regulated with increasing salt stress (NaCl), whereas, the contents of other cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) and anions ( and ) were decreased. In summary, the results indicated that the S. salsa plants could adapt to the adverse soil environments through modifying their growth and physiology status at the highly saline and intertidal zone, such as the YRD estuarine wetlands, and also could be used as a bio‐reclamation plant to decline the high salt in saline soils.     

封存箱与油气成藏作用

自然界的任何一种作用都是在一定的物质结构中发生的 ,油气成藏作用在相当多的情况下是与封存箱结构有非常密切关系的。封存箱这种地质结构在沉积盆地中 ,尤其是盆地的深部相当广泛地存在。它不仅是流体的分隔体 ,而且也分隔着不同的能量区。具有异常压力的封存箱比较容易认同 ,实际上正常压力的封存箱也是其重要的类型。自源式封存箱及靠近其顶板封隔层箱外的勘探目标常常是大、中型油气藏形成和分布的主要结构类型 ,在其箱内和临近其顶板封隔层的箱外是油气的有利富集地带。把封存箱的研究作为油气勘探决策程序的一个环节 ,找到大、中型的油气藏的几率将会大大地提高。塔里木盆地已经发现了各种类型的封存箱和在封存箱不同部位的大中型油气藏 ,它们构成了比较完整的封存箱系列和油气成藏模式。     

西藏麻米错富硼锂盐湖成矿物质平衡计算与物质来源

麻米错盐湖是西藏境内发育的特大型锂矿床之一,目前对该盐湖的Li、B来源仍存在一定争议。文章系统采集麻米错盐湖水及周边补给水体样品,分析其主量元素特征,并使用多种水化学手段进行讨论,同时对盐湖水、河水及地热水进行蒸发模拟。结果表明,研究区河水及泉水中的主要离子受控于流域内岩石风化作用,其中碳酸盐岩矿物与蒸发岩矿物贡献最大,其次是硅酸盐矿物。文章对补给水体输入盐湖的Li、B资源进行定量计算,得出单纯通过河水和泉水的输入无法形成盐湖目前的探明储量。选择西藏地区最为富Li的地热水同补给水体按照一定比例混合后进行蒸发模拟,发现其析盐序列与盐湖水的析盐序列存在很大程度上的重叠,以上均证明麻米错盐湖中的Li、B资源除受到周边河水及泉水的补给外,还受到地热水的补给。     

Evaluation and mapping of Dead Sea coastal aquifers salinity using Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) resistivity measurements

Evaporite karst has intensively developed recently along the Dead Sea (DS) coastal area in Israel and Jordan. It takes place in very saline groundwater dissolving buried salt layers, causing collapse of the surface. In this paper, groundwater salinity throughout the DS coastal area is investigated using the Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) method. Twenty-eight TEM soundings along the DS coastal area were carried out close to observation boreholes to calibrate resistivity–salinity relationships. Groundwater electrical conductivity was measured in these boreholes, and its salinity was analyzed at the laboratory by the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI). Quantitative relationships between bulk resistivity (ρ_x), water resistivity (ρ_w) and chloride concentration (C_cl) were derived in the resistivity range less than 1.0 Ω·m that enabled to evaluate the salinity of the aquifer in in situ conditions. Average values of the effective porosity of sandy sediments, φ_e = 0.32, and of silty ones, φ_e = 0.44, were used to generate the corresponding Archie equations. The study has shown that a DS aquifer with bulk resistivity in the range of 0.55–1.0 Ω·m contains in pores brine with 50–110 g_chloride/l of (22–50% of that in saturated conditions, respectively), i.e. it keeps the potential to dissolve up to 114–174 g/l of salt.     

吸附法分离盐湖卤水中锂的研究进展

锂及其化合物是重要的化工原料,因其优越和独特的性能,需求量逐年增加。锂矿床类型主要有锂辉石、锂云母、透锂长石等固体型和盐湖型等液体矿。固体锂矿经过多年开发,采富弃贫,品质已临近经济下限,开发利用盐湖卤水和油田卤水中的锂资源日益受到重视。中国盐湖资源丰富,主要分布在青藏高原地区。盐湖中蕴藏着大量的锂资源,广泛应用于能源、化工、高科技等工业生产及居民生活领域,为保障资源供给和能源安全,分离盐湖中的锂资源十分迫切和必要。锂分离技术有吸附法、膜法、化学沉淀法、萃取法、结晶法、浮选法等,这些方法各有优势和不足,而吸附法适用于低品位、高浓盐、高镁锂比盐湖卤水中锂的分离。为此,总结了有关吸附法(电吸附)分离盐湖卤水中锂的原理、进展和优缺点,并总结和提出其发展方向。     

利用盐湖卤水制取氢氧化镁的技术探索

我国盐湖中蕴藏有丰富的有色金属资源，在开发过程中．对镁资源的利用不够．造成资源浪费。探索生产氢氧化镁产品的可行性工艺．合理开发盐湖镁资源．实现盐湖资源的综合利用，具有重大的意义。     

Late Pleistocene to early Holocene lake level and paleoclimate insights from Stansbury Island, Bonneville basin, Utah

This paper reports on recent multiproxy research conducted to determine the chronology of lake-level fluctuations recorded in sediments from a natural exposure at a classic Bonneville basin site. Grain size, carbonate percentage, magnetic susceptibility, amount of charcoal, and diatom community composition data were collected from the 16 lacustrine units that compose the 122 cm stratigraphic column in Stansbury Gulch. Trends observed in the measured proxies reveal several significant changes in lake level, and thereby effective moisture, over the approximately 14,500 yr time span represented by the sediments. Results (1) verify the effectiveness of the multiproxy approach in Bonneville basin studies, which has been underutilized in this region, (2) reaffirm the double nature of Lake Bonneville's Stansbury oscillation, (3) suggest a previously undocumented post-Gilbert highstand of Great Salt Lake, and (4) identify possible teleconnections between climate events in the Bonneville basin and events in the North Atlantic at about 20,500 and 7500 ¹⁴C yr BP.     

Extensional rise and fall of a salt diapir in the Sørvestsnaget Basin,SW Barents Sea

Regional extension which initiates and promotes the rise of salt diapirs can also make diapirs fall once the supply of salt from its source is restricted. New observations on the 3D seismic data from a salt diapir in the Sørvestsnaget Basin suggest that salt moves until the end of the Eocene and is subtle to minor readjustments afterwards, revealing a more complex kinematics that previously described. Observations such as salt horns and sags and an antithetic fault linked to the western flank of the diapir suggest that salt syn-kinematics during Middle-Late Eocene included passive rising of the salt, followed by a fall. The salt horns are remnants of a taller salt diapir that, together with the indentation of the Middle-Late Eocene syn-kinematic sediment overburden above the salt, indicate diapiric fall due to restriction of salt supply by extension. Post-kinematic readjustments did not include diapiric reactivation by tectonic compression as previously thought, but minor salt rise by shortening due to gravity gliding after the tilting of the margin during Plio-Pleistocene glacial sediment loading and differential compaction of surrounding sediments. The salt diapir appears to be presently inactive and salt supply may have been restricted from its source already since Late Eocene.     

盐湖硼氯同位素地球化学研究进展

对与盐湖硼、氯同位素地球化学研究有关的样品中硼、氯的提取、分离纯化 ,硼、氯同位素质谱测定方法以及盐湖卤水、粘土沉积物和蒸发硼酸盐矿物的硼同位素地球化学和盐湖卤水与盐类矿物的氯同位素地球化学研究进展进行了系统总结。所总结的内容代表了世界范围内此领域研究的最新进展 ,其中很大部分内容是中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 VG35 4课题组的研究成果 ,反映了中国科学院青海盐湖研究所在此研究领域的水平。     

盐沼植被光谱特征的间接排序识别分析

运用ASD地物光谱仪,采用12个小型机载成像光谱仪(CASI)默认的植被波段组,以上海崇明东滩自然保护区的盐沼植物群落为对象,应用主成分分析法和相关分析研究了不同群落光谱特征与生态环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:运用PCA间接排序法能够识别盐沼植被中光滩、海三棱藨草群落、芦苇群落和互花米草群落等光谱特征;绝大多数盐沼植物的群落组成与所选波段的光谱特征之间有显著的相关关系;可见光和近红外波段数据可以分别识别低盖度的海三棱藨草群落和高盖度的互花米草和芦苇群落;对光谱反射率影响最大的生态环境因子是植物群落的高度和盖度,而高程和其它环境因子的影响次之。