重大工程场址的地壳稳定度及其应用

依据板块构造和岩石圈动力学研究结果,以不同规模的活动断裂或地壳活动带作为边界可把地壳分成不同规模的地块,相对稳定的地块称为安全岛。提出用稳定度(△f)的概念来定量表达安全岛的稳定程度,从而为选定和评价重要工程场址提供了一种新的途径。文章以黑山峡水坝选址为例进行了应用研究,提出该峡段小观音和大柳树两地均可作为坝址的结论。     

The role of uncertainty in bedrock depth and hydraulic properties on the stability of a variably-saturated slope

We investigate the uncertainty in bedrock depth and soil hydraulic parameters on the stability of a variably-saturated slope in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We couple Monte Carlo simulation of a three-dimensional flow model with numerical limit analysis to calculate confidence intervals of the safety factor using a 22-day rainfall record. We evaluate the marginal and joint impact of bedrock depth and soil hydraulic uncertainty. The mean safety factor and its 95% confidence interval evolve rapidly in response to the storm events. Explicit recognition of uncertainty in the hydraulic properties and depth to bedrock increases significantly the probability of failure.     

斜坡坡面地质灾害SNS柔性防护系统概论

在简单分析评价国内现有坡面地质灾害防治现状的基础上 ,介绍了以钢丝绳网为主要构成材料的 SNS( Safty Netting System)主动覆盖和被动拦截柔性防护系统的基本构成和功能特征 ,从而阐明了该项新技术在防护功能、标准化设计与施工作业以及对复杂地形的适应性和安全可靠性等方面的技术经济优势。     

Assuring fish safety and quality in international fish trade

International trade in fishery commodities reached US 58.2 billion dollars in 2002, a 5% improvement relative to 2000 and a 45% increase over 1992 levels. Within this global trade, developing countries registered a net trade surplus of US 17.4 billion dollars in 2002 and accounted for almost 50% by value and 55% of fish exports by volume. This globalization of fish trade, coupled with technological developments in food production, handling, processing and distribution, and the increasing awareness and demand of consumers for safe and high quality food have put food safety and quality assurance high in public awareness and a priority for many governments. Consequently, many countries have tightened food safety controls, imposing additional costs and requirements on imports. As early as 1980, there was an international drive towards adopting preventative HACCP-based safety and quality systems. More recently, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to food safety and quality throughout the entire food chain. Implementation of this approach requires an enabling policy and regulatory environment at national and international levels with clearly defined rules and standards, establishment of appropriate food control systems and programmes at national and local levels, and provision of appropriate training and capacity building. This paper discusses the international framework for fish safety and quality, with particular emphasis on the United Nation's Food and Agricultural Organization's (FAO) strategy to promote international harmonization and capacity building.     

两明挖隧道基坑先后开挖对其下地铁隧道的影响评价

基坑开挖会对下卧运营地铁隧道的围岩应力造成重分布,进而可能引发隧道结构产生变形及内力变化,影响地铁隧道的正常运行。故一个合理的施工方案以及充足的保护措施对基坑开挖和隧道保护显得尤为重要。以广州某工程为例,利用有限元软件Midas GTS模拟实际施工工况,动态分析了两明挖隧道基坑先后开挖对其下卧地铁5号线隧道的影响。分析结果表明:两明挖隧道基坑先后开挖所引起的叠加效应会对地铁5号线隧道结构造成影响,但应力变化量均很小,不足以对地铁隧道的结构安全性造成影响。其分析成果可为优化设计和施工提供有益的参考,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

湖南省农村房屋安全性现状统计分析

本文汇总了湖南省农村房屋的安全性等级情况资料,从房屋的建造年代、结构形式、各年代所建房屋的危房率以及居民的住房质量、安全意识与房屋抗震性能的对比几个方面进行了房屋安全性状况统计分析.结合房屋典型损坏现象,分析了此次调查中房屋的损坏特征,总结了各种结构形式容易出现的问题.根据房屋典型损坏现象分析和安全性等级情况统计,得出了以下结论:湖南省农村生土结构和木结构房屋的安全性现状不容乐观;有关部门应制定一套适合农村的结构设计规范,并通过培训等方法解决农村房屋设计和施工问题;部分存在潜在严重地质灾害的地区和大山深处的房屋已无改造、新建的意义,最好整体搬迁.     

Seismic reliability analysis of earth slopes under short term stability conditions

Different models were developed for evaluating the probabilistic three-dimensional (3-D) stability analysis of earth slopes and embankments under earthquake loading. The 3-D slope stability model assumed is that of a simple cylindrical failure surface. The probabilistic models evaluate the probability of failure under seismic loading considering the randomness of earthquake occurrence, and earthquake induced acceleration and uncertainties stemming from the discrepancies between laboratory-measured and in-situ values of shear strength parameters. The models also takes into consideration the spatial variabilities and correlations of soil properties. The probabilistic analysis and design approach is capable of obtaining the 2-D and 3-D static and dynamic safety factors, the probability of slope failure, the earthquake induced acceleration coefficient, the yield acceleration coefficient, the earthquake induced displacement, and the probability of allowable displacement exceedance taking into account the local site effect. The approach is applied to a well known landslide case: Congress Street Landslide in Chicago. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the different parameters involved in the models by applying those models to the Congress Street landslide considering different levels of seismic hazard. Also, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the sensitivity of computed results to input parameters of undrained shear strength, and corrective factors. A comparison was made between the different models of failure. The parametric study revealed that the hypocentral distance and earthquake magnitude have major influence on the earthquake induced displacement, probability of failure and dynamic 2-D and 3-D safety factors.     

区域地壳稳定性研究的后顾与前瞻

文章回顾了中国区域地壳稳定性研究的历史,划分了其发展阶段,阐述了不同学派的基本观点,分析了该领域面临的新挑战并指出了其未来的发展方向。明确提出,在活动地区选出并评价相对稳定地块(安全岛)作为重大工程场址将是未来的主流。     

软弱破碎围岩双连拱隧道安全施工与监测

针对软弱破碎Ⅱ类围岩双连拱隧道采用三导洞施工方法的特点,阐述了其安全施工技术要点,实际施工中,就其监测内容及监测结果进行了实时分析,为隧道安全施工提供了依据,长期监控量测结果表明,该隧道结构是安全的,达到了围岩与支护结构体系安全与稳定的要求,所采用的安全施工措施以及信息化施工方法对类似工程具有指导和借鉴意义.     

核电厂设计地震动评定中的构造法和概率法结果比较

剖析和比较了地震危险性分析方法(综合概率法)和地震构造法的结果,认为,不能简单将构造法的结果作为概率法的上限,也不能确定在10-4的概率水平上,概率法结果就比构造法结果大,因此评定核电厂极限安全地震应同时使用构造法、概率法和其它方法,并取各种结果的最大值