基于WRF-SWAN耦合模式的台风“威马逊”波浪场数值模拟

获取高分辨率的风场数据和气压场数据是精确模拟台风浪的基础,采用经验公式构建台风风场和气压场对海浪模式进行驱动,无法反映台风影响下海气动力过程,难以提供高精度的风场、气压场数据。本文基于中尺度大气模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model)和第三代海浪模式SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore model),构建了南中国海地区大气—海浪实时双向耦合模式,针对超强台风"威马逊"进行数值模拟。将数值模拟结果与现场观测结果及卫星高度计观测结果进行对比验证,验证结果表明,本文建立的WRF-SWAN耦合模式在对台风"威马逊"影响下的南中国海台风浪的模拟中展现出较高的模拟精度,揭示了台风风场分布和台风浪分布在空间上的"右偏性"不对称分布特征及其形成机制。基于WRF和SWAN建立的大气-海浪实时双向耦合模式能够准确模拟台风动力过程以及台风浪的时空分布特征,可以推广用于南中国海地区台风浪的模拟分析。     

长江口深水航道工程对航道附近海域波浪分布特征的影响研究

本文针对长江口深水航道工程建设前后航道内波浪特征的变化进行了分析研究,首先基于对长江口历史波浪资料分析,确定了E、NE和SE3个浪向为航道内典型代表,采用第3代波浪模型SWAN对工程建设前后的波浪进行模拟计算。研究表明,航道工程建设后航道内的有效波高和周期明显减小,但是其变化的规律基本一致。在不同天文潮影响时,航道内的有效波高和周期大不相同。E向和NE向的浪在大潮期间有效波高和周期均高于小潮时,SE向浪却相反。对于NE向的浪,航道工程对有效波高的影响大致呈现出从右向左逐渐减弱。对于E向和SE向的浪,航道工程对有效波高的影响大致呈现出从右向左先增强再减弱。航道工程对不同方向的浪在不同分段上也有所不同,在右段对NE向的消弱最强,对SE向最弱,在中段和左段对E向消弱最强,对NE向最弱。航道内流场与水位对波要素的影响也略有差别。     

风场对SWAN模式在台湾海峡后报结果的影响

本文利用SWAN模式模拟分析了CCMP和DASCAT两种常用风场数据在台湾海峡海面的浪场结果。东北季风期3个月的浪场模拟结果与浮标实测波高时序数据相比,偏差均值不大于0.33 m,偏差均方根不大于0.59 m。一般在浮标波高大于3.5 m和小于1.0 m时,偏差偏大。6 h分辨率的风场数据相较于24 h分辨率风场数据对应的模拟结果更接近于浮标实测结果。在6 h和24 h分辨率的CCMP风场数据和24 h分辨率的DASCAT风场数据的模拟结果中,两两结果间的空间相关系数均不低于0.90,偏差均值不大于0.32 m,偏差均方根不大于0.4 m。     

SWAN模型在设计波浪要素计算中的应用研究

采用SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore)模型搭建了覆盖整个台湾海峡和台湾岛东部部分海域的波浪模型,并利用此模型计算了常风浪场、崇武海洋站设计波浪要素和西沙湾海域极值波浪场。计算结果显示,在常风浪模拟中,4个浮标站计算值与实测值有效波高绝对误差均在0.20 m以内,平均绝对误差值为0.13 m;崇武海洋站的设计波浪计算值与多年资料推算值平均绝对误差为0.14 m,平均相对误差为1.9%; SWAN和CGWAVE (Conjugate Gradient Wave Model)在西沙湾海域7个点的波浪极值计算值在S、SE、SSW三个方向上平均绝对误差分别为0.11、0.10、0.07 m,平均相对误差不足3%。以上计算结果表明,SWAN模型在常风浪模拟和设计波浪要素计算中具有良好的适应性。     

基于GIS的广西中小河流山洪气象风险监测预警系统

基于中尺度自动站雨量资料、欧洲中心（EC）细网格数值预报雨量资料、广西雷达数据,利用ArcGIS提取河流边界地理信息,通过用MICAPS、SWAN3．0系统二次开发,数值模式产品应用,面雨量对比等方法建立广西中小河流山洪气象风险监测预警系统。系统能自动生成各种气象要素的可视化警报、预报产品．经过在2012年汛期若干天气过程的应用显示了较好的监测预警作用,可以应用到精细化天气预报业务中。     

Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications

Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v 3.0), a three-dimensional numerical ocean model, was previously enhanced for shallow water applications by including wave-induced radiation stress forcing provided through coupling to wave propagation models (SWAN, REF/DIF). This enhancement made it suitable for surf zone applications as demonstrated using examples of obliquely incident waves on a planar beach and rip current formation in longshore bar trough morphology (Haas and Warner, 2009). In this contribution, we present an update to the coupled model which implements a wave roller model and also a modified method of the radiation stress term based on Mellor (2008, 2011a,b,in press) that includes a vertical distribution which better simulates non-conservative (i.e., wave breaking) processes and appears to be more appropriate for sigma coordinates in very shallow waters where wave breaking conditions dominate. The improvements of the modified model are shown through simulations of several cases that include: (a) obliquely incident spectral waves on a planar beach; (b) obliquely incident spectral waves on a natural barred beach (DUCK'94 experiment); (c) alongshore variable offshore wave forcing on a planar beach; (d) alongshore varying bathymetry with constant offshore wave forcing; and (e) nearshore barred morphology with rip-channels. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons to previous analytical, numerical, laboratory studies and field measurements show that the modified model replicates surf zone recirculation patterns (onshore drift at the surface and undertow at the bottom) more accurately than previous formulations based on radiation stress (Haas and Warner, 2009). The results of the model and test cases are further explored for identifying the forces operating in rip current development and the potential implication for sediment transport and rip channel development. Also, model analysis showed that rip current strength is higher when waves approach at angles of 5° to 10° in comparison to normally incident waves.     

渤海海域冰水共存期的波能流密度推算

为给寒区海域的波浪能估算提供科学依据,提出一种合理推算冰水共存海域波浪条件及波能流密度的方法,该方法将海冰模型与水动力学模型耦合模拟得到的冰浓度以线性修正函数的方式纳入波浪模型的海面摩阻风速方程中,并基于MCT (model coupling toolkit)耦合器将海冰模型、水动力学模型与波浪模型进行实时耦合。基于该方法模拟了渤海冬季寒潮大风期间的海冰以及波能流密度的演化。模拟结果表明,在2012年2月5~8日寒潮大风期间,结冰区域占到渤海总面积的1/3,约有76%的渤海海域的平均波能流密度受海冰影响减小,其中辽东湾近岸的波能流密度平均受冰影响最多减小了100%,而渤海湾和莱州湾近岸受冰影响最多分别减小了60%和50%。即使是无冰覆盖的老铁山水道,其波能流密度的最大值也受冰影响减少了14%。耦合模拟可以更为准确地对渤海冬季的波能流密度分布进行评估,为波浪能发电厂选址提供依据。     

Analysis of SARAL/AltiKa Wind and Wave over Indian Ocean and its Real-time Application in Wave Forecasting System at ISRO

The current study aims to analyze the wind and wave parameters over Indian Ocean region obtained from first Ka –band altimeter AltiKa onboard SARAL, a collaborative mission of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France. It also demonstrates a real time application of SARAL data by assimilating the wave height in a wave model operational at the Space Applications Centre, ISRO. State-of–the art coastal wave model Simulating Wave Near shore (SWAN) is used for this purpose. The well-tested optimal interpolation technique is adopted for assimilation. Before proceeding to the assimilation per se, SARAL/AltiKa Wind and Significant Wave Height (SWH) have been validated using in- situ observations and WAVEWATCH III model. Apart from assessment of wind and wave data quality, this also served the purpose of providing error covariance to be used in assimilation. Supremacy of the assimilation run over parallel control run without assimilation has been judged by comparing the results with buoy observations at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information System (INCOIS). The statistics of validation of the assimilation run has been found to be extremely encouraging and interesting.     

1105号台风“米雷”台风浪模拟研究

以CCMP(Cross-Calibrated,Multi-Platform)风场驱动目前国际先进的第三代近岸海浪模式SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore),对1105号台风“米雷”造成的台风浪进行数值模拟,基于浮标观测资料,验证了模拟数据的有效性,并对台风浪场的分布特征进行分析.结果表明:(1)以CCMP风场驱动SWAN模式,可以较好地模拟“米雷”所形成的台风浪场;(2)模拟的有效波高(SWH——Significant Wave Height)与浮标观测SWH在波高变化的走势上具有很好的一致性,模拟数据的走势则较为平缓,观测数据跳跃较为明显,模拟的SWH具有较高精度,仅在数值上略低于观测SWH; (3) SWAN模式对“米雷”所形成的台风近中心大浪区、台风眼、台风尾迹等方面进行了较好地刻画.     

南海北部一次台风浪过程的数值模拟

采用Holland 模型将2009 年6 号台风莫拉菲参数化, 并通过一个权重系数将模型风场和背景风场叠加起来, 构造了南海北部台风过境时的风场。随后通过时空插值, 将该风场以空间分辨率5′×5′、时间步长1 h 的精度输入到SWAN(Simulating Waves Nearshore)模式中, 模拟了莫拉菲台风通过时南海北部的海浪场。然后使用Jason-2 卫星波高数据对模式进行了验证, 结果表明模式结果与实测值吻合良好。利用模式结果我们分析了台风中心和海浪场的最大有效波高中心的位置关系, 以及台风风场结构和海浪场结构的关系。最后, 通过计算海浪场的能量并将其与风要素和浪要素对比, 我们研究了台风过境期间海浪场的动力机制。