Heterogeneous tide-surge interaction during co-occurrence of tropical and extratropical cyclones in the radial sand ridges of the southern Yellow Sea

The Radial Sand Ridges(RSRs)area in the southern Yellow Sea are subject to tropical and extratropical cyclone activities frequently,in which the special geometry feature and moving stationary tidal system result in complex storm-induced hydrodynamic processes,especially the tide-surge interactions.We studied a rare weather event influenced simultaneously by an extratropical cyclone EX1410 and Typhoon Vongfong as an example to investigate the characteristics of storm surges,wave-surge,and tide-surge interaction in the RSRs area,and applied a high-resolution integrally-coupled ADCIRC+SWAN model,in which the meteorological forcing inputs are simulated by the WRF-ARW model.The model is validated by records from 4 tide gauges and 2 wave buoys along the Yellow Sea coast.Results show that the tide-surge interactions are of considerable regional heterogeneousness.The surge curves at Lüsi(in south RSRs)and Jianggang(in middle RSRs)have abrupt falls near the time of low tide,where the peak occurrence time of interaction residuals tend to shift towards the mid-ebb period.Significant increase of bed shear stress in shallow waters was proved the dominant factor to affect the tide-surge interaction in broad tidal flats of the RSRs area.Differently,the interaction pattern in the Xiyang Trough(in north RSRs),showed a unique rising in mid-flood period due to the phase advances of real surge waves in relatively deep waters.Therefore,we suggested to the local flood risk management that the tide-surge interaction tends to alleviate the flooding risk in the RSRs area around the time of high tide,but aggravate the risk on the rising tide in the Xiyang Trough and on the falling tide in large-scale tidal flats of the southem RSRs area.     

Simulation of irregular waves in an offshore wind farm with a spectral wave model

A numerical study of irregular waves in the Norwegian continental shelf wind farm (HAVSUL-II) was conducted using 3rd generation spectral wave models. The study was composed of two parts: the study of the effect of a single windmill monopile in the local incoming wave field using an empirical JONSWAP spectrum, and a wave hindcast study in the wind farm area using realistic incoming wave spectra obtained from large scale simulations for the 1991-1992 winter period. In the single windmill monopile study the SWAN wave model was used, while the hindcast study was conducted by successively nesting from a coarse grid using the WAM model up to a high-resolution (56 m) grid covering 26.2 km² of the HAVSUL-II windmill farm using the SWAN model. The effect of a single monopile on incident waves with realistic spectra was also studied. In the single windmill study the monopile was represented as a closed circular obstacle and in the hindcast study it was represented as a dry grid point. The results showed that the single windmill monopile creates a shadow zone in the down wave region with lower significant wave height (H_s) values and a slight increase of H_s in the up wave region. The effects of the windmill monopile on the wave field were found to be dependent on the directional distribution of the incoming wave spectrum and also on the wave diffraction and reflection. The hindcast study showed that the group of windmill monopiles may contribute to the reduction of the wave energy inside the offshore wind farm and that once the waves enter into the offshore wind farm they experience modifications due to the presence of the windmill monopiles, which cause a blocking of the wave energy propagation resulting in an altered distribution of the H_s field.     

基于SWAN模式的近10年南海北部波浪能资源研究

利用QN（QuikSCAT/NCEP）混合风场驱动第三代海浪数值模式SWAN（SimulatingWaves Nearshore）,得到中国南海北部1999年8月—2009年7月的海浪场,对该海域的波浪能资源进行综合分析,研究发现中国南海北部海域蕴藏着丰富的、适宜开发的波浪能资源.     

台风Winnie(1997)影响下海浪的数值模拟研究

采用多重嵌套中尺度大气数值模式提供的风场,在考虑了波-流相互作用等主要物理过程的基础上,应用最新版本的第三代海浪模式SWAN对Winnie（1997）引起的台风浪进行了模拟,将模拟的有效波高与TOPEX/POSEIDON和ERS-2卫星高度计资料作了详细的对比分析,并分析了台风浪要素的分布特征。结果表明,SWAN在模拟较大尺度的海区时也能得到较好的模拟效果,能较好地再现海浪的发展过程和合理地反映台风浪的分布。     

Sensitivity of a numerical wave model on wind re-analysis datasets

Wind is the dominant process for wave generation. Detailed evaluation of metocean conditions strengthens our understanding of issues concerning potential offshore applications. However, the scarcity of buoys and high cost of monitoring systems pose a barrier to properly defining offshore conditions. Through use of numerical wave models, metocean conditions can be hindcasted and forecasted providing reliable characterisations.This study reports the sensitivity of wind inputs on a numerical wave model for the Scottish region. Two re-analysis wind datasets with different spatio-temporal characteristics are used, the ERA-Interim Re-Analysis and the CFSR-NCEP Re-Analysis dataset. Different wind products alter results, affecting the accuracy obtained. The scope of this study is to assess different available wind databases and provide information concerning the most appropriate wind dataset for the specific region, based on temporal, spatial and geographic terms for wave modelling and offshore applications. Both wind input datasets delivered results from the numerical wave model with good correlation. Wave results by the 1-h dataset have higher peaks and lower biases, in expense of a high scatter index. On the other hand, the 6-h dataset has lower scatter but higher biases. The study shows how wind dataset affects the numerical wave modelling performance, and that depending on location and study needs, different wind inputs should be considered.     

Inter-comparison of long-term wave power potential in the Black Sea based on the SWAN wave model forced with two different wind fields

In this study, a long-term comparative assessment of the potential of wave power in the Black Sea was conducted using the calibrated and validated SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) model forced by two well-known wind fields. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP/CFSR) wind fields were used, covering data from 1979 to 2018. In general, the wave power potential based on the results of the CFSR wind field was found to be slightly higher than that obtained with the ERA-Interim wind field. The greatest discrepancy between the results of the ERA-Interim and CFSR wind fields was observed in the northeastern Black Sea. The spatial distributions of the wave power were also evaluated on a seasonal scale using wave parameters obtained from the calibrated SWAN model. The wave climate obtained from both long-term and seasonal assessments indicates that the western Black Sea, especially the southwestern Black Sea, is characterized by higher wave power potential and lower variability, while the eastern Black Sea has lower wave power potential and higher variability. Stable and powerful long-term wave conditions in the southwestern Black Sea can indicate that this region is a suitable location for wave farms. In contrast, the effect of the long-term variability on wave power is greatest in the eastern Black Sea owing to the highly variable wave conditions in this region.     

对“麦莎”路径及造成黄渤海域大风浪的数值模拟

2005年9号热带风暴“麦莎”8月8R凌晨开始影响大连,到10R过程完全结束,历时近两天,不仅造成了暴雨（局部大暴雨）天气,而且大连海区出现最大风力8-9级、阵风11级的大风。此时适逢天文大潮高峰期,渤海和黄海北部海域出现4m以上的浪高,形成了风暴潮。利用MM5模式和第三代浅水波浪数值预报SWAN模式,对“麦莎”的移动路径以及“麦莎”造成黄渤海域的强风场、强浪场进行模拟,结果与实况基本一致,并且通过模拟,对缺少资料的海面风场、浪高场有更全面的了解。     

SWAN系统雷达定量降水估测产品在江西的应用

利用SWAN1.0系统对江西省2010年1—7月的25次降水过程进行反算。结果表明,雷达定量降水估测(QPE)产品在江西省的主汛期(4—7月)应用效果要好于非主汛期,QPE产品的1 h雨量值比实际观测值要小,偏差大约20%;对3块小流域的QPE检验,其中2块小流域的QPE产品误差与全省范围的误差差别很小,QPE对小流域短时中阵雨以上量级的降水具有较高可靠性。依据检验工作的结果,开发出的QPE修正产品可以作为江西省短时临近天气预报业务使用。     

2009年7月2—4日广西暴雨过程的中尺度特征

本文运用NCEP1°×1°格点资料和多普勒雷达、自动站以及SWAN系统等资料,用综合诊断分析方法对2009年7月2-4日广西大范围强降水过程进行成因分析。结果表明：由于冷空气很弱,以渗透的方式影响广西,使地面西南暖低压得以长时间维持,是这次过程持续时间长的主要原因之一;地面辐合线稳定少动,是桂北强对流发展的触发机制,也是产生“列车效应”的主要因子;柳州多普勒雷达基本反射率显示在7月2日20时到3日08时的“列车效应”使得河池东部和柳州北部出现了特大暴雨,暴雨中心在径向速度上反映为强烈的辐合。此外对swAN产品进行检验和分析,Cotrec风场对回波的移动有较好的指示作用;TITAN在预报强回波的移动和强度上有着一定的预报能力;1小时雨量预报与实况雨量大致相近。