Variations in extratropical cyclone activity in northern East Asia

Based on an improved objective cyclone detection and tracking algorithm, decadal variations in extratropical cyclones in northern East Asia are studied by using the ECMWF 40 Year Reanalysis (ERA-40) sea-level pressure data during 1958-2001. The results reveal that extratropical cyclone activity has displayed clear seasonal, interannual, and decadal variability in northern East Asia. Spring is the season when cyclones occur most frequently. The spatial distribution of extratropical cyclones shows that cyclon...     

A preliminary study on the relationship between Arctic Oscillation and daily SLP variance in the Northern Hemisphere during wintertime

In the present study, the authors investigated the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the high-frequency variability of daily sea level pressures in the Northern Hemisphere in winter (November through March), using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets for the time period of 1948/49-2000/01.High-frequency signals are defined as those with timescales shorter than three weeks and measured in terms of variance, for each winter for each grid. The correlations between monthly mean AO index and high-frequency variance are conducted. A predominant feature is that several regional centers with high correlation show up in the middle to high latitudes. Significant areas include mid- to high-latitude Asia centered at Siberia, northern Europe and the middle-latitude North Atlantic east of northern Africa. Theirs trong correlations can also be confirmed by the singular value decomposition analysis of covariance between mean SLP and high-frequency variance. This indicates that the relationship of AO with daily Sea Level Pressure (SLP) is confined to some specific regions in association with the inherent atmospheric dynamics. In middle-latitude Asia, there is a significant (at the 95% level) trend of variance of-2.26% (10yr)^-1. Another region that displays a strong trend is the northwestern Pacific with a significant rate of change of 0.80% (10 yr)^-1. If the winter of 1948/49, an apparent outlier, is excluded, a steady linear trend of 1.51% (10 yr)^-1 shows up in northern Europe. The variance probability density functions (PDFs) are found to change in association with different AO phases. The changes corresponding to high and low AO phases, however, are asymmetric in these regions. Some regions such as northern Europe display much stronger changes in high AO years, whereas some other regions such as Siberia show a stronger connection to low AO conditions. These features are supported by ECMWF reanalysis data. However, the dynamical mechanisms involved in the AO-high frequency SLP variance connection have not been well understood,and this needs further study.     

北极海冰与大气环流耦合主模态的时空特征分析

对1979—2009年月平均的CFSR（The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）海冰密集度（SIC）和海平面气压（SLP）资料进行多变量经验正交函数分解（MV—EOF）,得出耦合主模态,并通过对温度、位势高度和风场的回归分析,进一步探寻海冰与大气环流的关系,第一模态SLP的特征为北极涛动（AO）,SIC呈离散的正负中心分布但大体为东西反位相,AO正位相时,喀拉海、拉普捷夫海、东西伯利亚海和鄂霍次克海海冰减少,巴芬湾、波弗特海、楚科奇海和白令海海冰增加。耦合第二模态的SLP呈偶极子分布,负、正异常中心在巴伦支海和波弗特海,SIC在巴伦支海,弗拉姆海峡,格陵兰海,拉布拉多海和白令海,鄂霍次克海地区有正异常,在喀拉海、拉普捷夫海、东西伯利亚海、楚科齐海和波弗特海为负异常。耦合第三模态SLP在冰岛地区存在负异常中心,在拉普捷夫海地区有正异常中心,SIC在巴伦支海北部、弗拉姆海峡、格陵兰海为负异常,其余地区全为正异常。 对SLP和SIC分别进行EOF分解,并与耦合模态进行比较,SLP的EOF主模态的时空分布与耦合模态中SLP的时空分布十分相似,SIC的EOF模态的时空分布则与耦合模态中SIC的时空分布有较大差别,说明耦合模态对SIC的分布影响较大,即大气环流对海冰分布的影响为主要的过程,海冰对大尺度的大气环流的模态的影响不明显。     

基于台风年鉴资料的台风风-压公式重建

基于台风年鉴1981—2000年资料建立了西北太平洋分纬度、分强度的系列台风风-压拟合关系式。经2001—2005年的数据验证,显示了台风中心最低气压与近中心地面最大风速间关系的稳定性以及拟合公式的适用性,因而可作为早年台风估测风速偏大的订正依据。统计分析显示,台风越强其风-压关系越稳定;在纬度分布上,位于10～30 ?N时台风风-压关系较稳定。以此为基础提出了早年台风风速、频数的订正方法,并重建了1950—1979年西北太平洋台风年频数和我国近海台风破坏力指数等气候序列。     

NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中北半球夏季海平面气压的年代际变化

NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集中1948—2005年北半球夏季海平面气压（sea level pressure,SLP）场具有明显的年代际变化特征,主要在东亚和北非大陆地区以及极地地区。20世纪60年代中后期和70年代中后期夏季SLP场有两次跃变过程。对于北半球夏季SLP的这次年代际变化过程而言,20世纪60年代末首先于北欧地区出现距平变化,然后逐渐向东南方向移动,70年代早期贝加尔湖地区开始出现正距平信号,之后这种正距平信号开始往南移,70年代中期东亚大陆出现正距平中心。另外,20世纪60年代中期西北大西洋SLP距平也开始了转变,之后分别向南、北移动,于70年代早期加强了北欧的正距平强度,同时非洲北部也开始了SLP距平的转变。     

南北半球海平面气压与西北太平洋台风活动

该文利用相关分析方法,研究了台风活动季节南北半球海平面气压与西北太平洋编号台风、登陆我国的台风和强台风频数的关系．对比分析了典型多、少台风年南北半球海平面气压的分布特征．指出秋、冬季节海平面气压与夏季海平面气压存在着隔季遥相关关系,并对台风活动的预报有很好的指示意义．通过回归集成,建立了预报编号台风、登陆台风、强台风发生频数的预报方程．文中还讨论了台风发生、发展的环境条件以及南北半球海平面气压影响台风活动的可能途径．