大兴安岭中部乌兰浩特地区林西组碎屑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

内蒙古乌兰浩特地区出露一套缺少化石、遭受接触变质作用的厚层碎屑岩。在该套地层采集碎屑锆石样品,进行碎屑锆石U-Pb测年研究。80个锆石分析点的年龄可分为3个主要年龄区间:242～294Ma,年龄加权平均值为263.6±3.3Ma(n=50,MSWD=4.9),峰值年龄为261Ma;301～381Ma,峰值年龄为348Ma;454～530Ma,峰值年龄为487Ma。另有7个锆石分析点的年龄分别为824Ma、836Ma、859Ma、867Ma、1279Ma、1556Ma、2447Ma。261Ma的峰值年龄限定了该地层的沉积下限,即属晚二叠世林西组。主量元素SiO2含量为67.81%,Al_2O_3为18.22%,MgO为1.44%,CaO为0.41%,Na_2O为1.54%,K_2O为3.90%,K_2O/Na_2O为1.15～10.21;A_(12)O_3/(CaO+Na_2O)为4.87～26.38;稀土元素总量介于162.39×10-6～223.46×10-6之间,平均值为200.88×10-6,负Eu异常,Ce为1.00～1.05,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征。以上分析表明,林西组形成于活动大陆边缘构造背景。依据碎屑锆石年龄谱值信息,林西组沉积物源具多样性和复杂性,除东北各地块,同时存在华北板块和西伯利亚板块的物源信息,说明林西组沉积时期华北板块与西伯利亚板块可能已经开始俯冲碰撞过程。     

姬塬北地区延长组长7-长8油层组泥岩地球化学特征与地质意义

基于对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬北地区上三叠统延长组长7、长8油层组泥岩样品微量元素和稀土元素的测试分析发现,长7、长8油层组泥岩REE富集,Eu总体上呈明显的负异常;REE分布模式图显示轻、重稀土元素分异明显,曲线在La-Eu段表现为斜率较大的"右倾型",在Gd-Lu段表现为斜率较小的"平缓型"。结合Sr/Cu、Sr/Ba、V/(V+Ni)、Ceanom等特征参数的分析发现,长7、长8油层组泥岩形成于温湿、微咸水、还原水体的沉积环境。泥岩(La/Yb)N地化指标显示悬浮物颗粒总体表现为沉降缓慢,沉积速率低,由下至上泥岩悬浮物沉积速率表现为由高到低的变化趋势。同时,δCe、δEu及La/Lb-∑REE判别图解,指示长7、长8油层组泥岩母岩以花岗岩为主,同时有少量碱性玄武岩的混入,源区构造背景为大陆边缘环境。     

河北南部峰峰煤田山西组沉积特征与沉积环境演化

通过研究峰峰煤田山西组岩性和沉积构造特征,将山西组划分为四个沉积旋回,根据沉积环境的演化,分析了其对成煤作用的影响,认为区内山西组为典型的河控浅水三角洲沉积,该沉积体系中的聚煤作用较强,尤其是分流间洼地持续发展的部位形成了较厚煤层,由于分流河道的迁移作用,煤层分叉现象,而且成煤后遭河道冲刷导致变薄或缺失。     

Preliminary evaluation of hydrochemistry of the Kalambaina Formation, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

Hydrochemical investigations in the Kalambaina Formation have been initiated to determine potability and suitability of the shallow groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses. This limestone formation is an extensive aquifer supplying water to livestock and domestic wells in its outcrop areas. The aquifer is recharged by rainfall and discharges mainly into the Sokoto–Rima River system and lakes at Kware, Gwadabawa and Kalmalo in Nigeria. Because recharge to the aquifer is mainly from rainfall, the quality of the groundwater is controlled essentially by chemical processes in the vadose zone and locally by human activities. Water samples were taken at 11 sites comprising boreholes, dug wells and a spring and were chemically analysed for their major ion components. Hydrochemical results show water of fairly good quality. It is, however, hard and generally of moderate dissolved solids content. Concentration of the total dissolved solids is between 130 and 2,340 mg/l. Concentrations of ions vary widely but a high concentration of K⁺ is found in places. NO₃⁻ is on the higher side of the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating pollution in such areas. Groundwater chemistry is predominantly of two facies, namely the calcium–magnesium–bicarbonate and calcium–magnesium–sulphate–chloride facies. These facies probably evolved primarily as a result of dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates as well as some human/land-use activities.     

Confirmation of an Early Cretaceous age for the Qihulin Formation in eastern Heilongjiang Province, China: constraints from a new discovery of radiolarians

The coal-bearing, alternating marine and non-marine Longzhaogou Group in eastern Heilongjiang, northeastern China, has long been considered as Jurassic, or mainly Jurassic, in age. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the ammonites and dinoflagellate cysts are of Early Cretaceous age. This has now been confirmed by new radiolarian evidence. The radiolarian fauna recovered from the upper Qihulin Formation of the Longzhaogou Group consists of nine poorly preserved species referable to nine genera. Novixitus is a Cretaceous genus, and the specimens of Archaeodictyomitra sp. and Xitus sp. recovered resemble A. vulgaris Pessagno and X. spicularius (Aliev), respectively.     

蒙古古生代地层研究的新进展

蒙古国古生代地层的研究以往主要侧重底栖大化石的研究, 很多地层的时代划分、归属问题不能得到很好的解决,底栖化石的地方性很强,不能与国际直接对比。 牙形刺是古生代地层的主导化石, 很多古生代地层问题都可以用牙形刺解决并进行可靠的洲际间对比。2001年笔者在蒙古南戈壁采集了158个样品, 经分析发现了大量牙形刺标本, 解决了很多蒙古的重大地层问题。Arynshand组应当归入下石炭统, 泥盆-石炭系界线在Arynshand组之下, 而不是在此组的内部。Mushgai地区Bayan-Khoshuu Ruins剖面的Mandalovoo组Gavuu 段的上部应属早泥盆世早期, 而不是以前所确定的早志留世, 称为奥咯诺伍德组（Olonovoot Formation）;Gavuu段的下部仍归早志留世。Mandalovoo组应提升为Mandalovoo群;Gavuu段应提升为Gavuu组。南戈壁Shine Jinst地区Tsakhir剖面Tsagaanbulag组的时代是早泥盆世洛霍考夫期, 而不是中晚志留世,Ulaan-Shand剖面Tsagaanbulag组的时代也是早泥盆世洛霍考夫期。Chuluun组的时代为早泥盆世晚埃姆斯期。Tsagaankhaalga组的时代为早艾菲尔期。Indert组为早石炭世。蒙古古生代海相地层大部分是浅水相地层, 并可能存在5个间断：志留系的文洛克统和罗德洛统的下部,下泥盆统布拉格阶的一部分,中泥盆统艾菲尔阶上部,泥盆-石炭系界线地层。蒙古国南部和中部很可能缺失上二叠统的海相沉积。     

有机地球化学方法在煤层对比中的应用

利用有机地化方法解决宁夏灵武煤田延安组煤层对比的研究表明:区内2、6、7、14、17煤的某些有机地化参数,如氯仿沥青“A”含量、氢指数、产烃潜量、正烷烃碳数分布和烷基菲构成均存在明显差异,这取决于煤层沉积环境、煤化作用程度和有机母质类型。有可能依据这些参数,使煤层本身成为对比的标志层。      

羌塘盆地羌资3井索瓦组泥岩生物标志化合物特征及其地质意义

本文对羌塘盆地羌资3井索瓦组样品开展了详细的有机地球化学特征研究,探讨了其有机母质来源及形成的沉积环境。样品中检测出丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物。在GC图谱上,主碳数分别为n C17、n C18、n C23或n C25,OEP值为0.4~1.24,Pr/n C17值为0.68~0.99、Ph/n C18值为0.55~0.98,Pr/Ph为0.50~0.90。萜类化合物以C30藿烷占优势的五环三萜烷为主,含有三环萜烷和伽马蜡烷。甾类化合物以规则甾烷为主,C27、C28和C29规则甾烷构成了不对称的"V"字型,C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)和C29αββ/(ααα+αββ)的值分别为0.30~0.49、0.40~0.54。饱和烃色谱/质谱特征表明泥岩有机母质来源来源于具有水生生物的混合来源,揭示了其母质形成于一定盐度缺氧还原环境。镜质体反射率与成熟度参数均显示泥岩与沥青处于生油高峰阶段。生物标志物研究显示羌资3井沥青与泥岩在母质性质、沉积环境、成熟度等方面有相近的特征,它们具有较好的亲缘关系。     

安徽长江沿岸地区红花园组生物地层特征

安徽沿长江地区．下奥陶统红花园组发育良好．产大化石Ｃａｌａｔｈｉｕｍ－Ｍａｎｃｈｕｒｏｃｅｒａｓ－Ｃｏｒｅａｎｏｃｅｒａｓ组合及牙形石Ｓｅｒｒａｔｏｇｎａｔｈｕｓ带等。其时代相当皖南下奥陶世宁国阶早期Ｎ１至Ｎ２笔石带；其生物地层特征与扬子地层区基本一致。据此．本文揭示宁国阶早期扬子海与华北海可能是相通的。     

华北地台本溪组,太原组火山事件沉积特征及时空分布规律

作者对华北地台24个煤田及煤矿区进行了详细的研究,在本溪组及太原组中共发现6期12次火山事件层。这些火山事件沉积遍及全区,主要为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩及凝灰质沉积岩,它们在时空分布上有一定规律。火山碎屑可能来自华北地台以北及以南若干不同的火山源,而岩浆可能来自下地壳。