贵州麻山地区居民的资源环境意识模糊综合评价

用模糊综合评价方法,根据实地抽样调查的统计资料,对麻山地区居民的资源环境意识用定性定量的分析。得出该区环境恶化的主要原因是资源环境意识差,居民自觉或不自觉地破坏生态环境以资源为代价,来满足不断增长的人口的需求。     

国外滨海湿地管理的理论进展和实践经验

近年来,我国滨海湿地保护不力,存在法律缺失、多部门管理、中央和地方权责不清等问题。总结了近年来资源环境管理领域的理论进展,梳理了美国、荷兰、日本、韩国、澳大利亚等国在滨海湿地管理的法律制度、管理机制、决策管理、公众参与等方面的经验,为我国提升滨海湿地管理水平提供参考与借鉴。     

面向服务的信息化测绘关键问题探讨

首先对信息化测绘的内涵进行了分析,提出了信息化测绘的服务本质,加强地理信息资源建设的关键任务,提出以数据库作为地理信息载体的观点;提出了信息化测绘建设的技术思路,总结了地理数据库的逻辑结构;对信息化测绘的组织运行方式提出了建议.     

Landslide risk assessment using concepts of danger pixels and fuzzy set theory in Darjeeling Himalayas

Landslide risk assessment (LRA) is a key component of landslide studies. The landslide risk can be defined as the potential for adverse consequences or loss to human population and property due to the occurrence of landslides. The LRA can be regional or site-specific in nature and is an important information for planning various developmental activities in the area. LRA is considered as a function of landslide potential (LP) and resource damage potential (RDP). The LP and RDP are typically characterized by the landslide susceptibility zonation map and the resource map (i.e., land use land cover map) of the area, respectively. Development of approaches for LRA has always been a challenge. In the present study, two approaches for LRA, one based on the concept of danger pixels and the other based on fuzzy set theory, have been developed and implemented to generate LRA maps of Darjeeling Himalayas, India. The LRA map based on the first approach indicates that 1,015 pixels of habitation and 921 pixels of road section are under risk due to landslides. The LRA map derived from fuzzy set theory based approach shows that a part of habitat area (2,496 pixels) is under very high risk due to landslides. Also, another part of habitat area and a portion of road network (7,204 pixels) are under high risk due to landslides. Thus, LRA map based on the concept of danger pixels gives the pixels under different resource categories at risk due to landslides whereas the LRA map based on the concept of fuzzy set theory further refines this result by defining the degree of severity of risk to these categories by putting these into high and low risk zones. Hence, the landslide risk assessment study carried out using two approaches in this paper can be considered in cohesion for assessing the risks due to landslides in a region.     

基于等价分析法评估溢油事故的自然资源损害

尽管国际公约和许多国家立法已将海上溢油事故导致的自然资源损失列入索赔范围,然而,在量化和货币化损害以及确定索赔和修复范围等方面尚未建立被广泛接受的计算方法。生境等价分析(Habitat Equivalency Analysis,HEA)和资源等价分析(Resource Equivalency Analysis,REA)是美国和欧盟应用于评估自然资源损害的理论方法,二者的关键假设是受损的生态服务损失和修复计划的服务收益应当相等。HEA结果依赖于生态服务价值标尺选择、服务价值水平、恢复曲线形状、修复计划时长以及贴现率等;REA结果受死亡生物数量和年龄组成的影响。HEA和REA的非货币形式结果补偿的并非生态环境,而是人类社会福祉。目前,一些货币化损失的方法已被提出,然而传统经济学家和生态经济学家之间存在争议。美国部分法庭承认HEA和REA方法,其结果为法庭索赔提供数据支持。如果将生态学和经济学原理结合考虑,将能够促进等价分析法的深入发展,推动索赔工作更加有理有据。     

波力发电方案的工程性探讨

本文从工程角度出发，分析了波力发电的困难，从而指出，在目前技术水平下，一个现实性的波力发电装置必需具备的条件，并结合原理性，分析了值得重视的二类波力发电装置。进而推介了一种工程性较强的柱式波力发电系统。     

玲南金矿床矿体地质特征及深部资源前景

玲南金矿床位于玲珑金矿田内,由招远平度断裂带北段的破头青断裂带控制,是一超大型的蚀变岩型金矿床。目前钻探控制最大深度接近2000 m ,主矿体控制最大斜深约2200 m ,矿体沿倾向仍未封闭,预测深部仍有较好的资源前景。     

旅游资源开发利用的外部性及其治理

旅游资源具有公共属性,在旅游资源开发利用过程中相关契约的不完全性导致了产权界定不清,从而会导致负的外部性效果。在分析旅游资源开发利用的外部性问题的性质、特征及其治理难点基础上,进一步就如何治理此类外部性问题进行了探讨。     

The behavioral response to a corporate carbon offset program: A field experiment on adverse effects and mitigation strategies

More and more organizations are compensating the greenhouse gas emissions caused by their products and services through carbon offset programs. From the customers’ perspective, the mitigation of negative externalities associated with their demand may increase the utility derived from the (then guilt-free) consumption. In particular in settings where consumers do not pay for the marginal cost of consumption, this may lead to higher levels of resource use. This article empirically examines how the announcement of an organizational carbon offset program affects consumption in a CO₂-intensive everyday activity (showering). We further evaluate the provision of real-time feedback as a strategy to counteract potential increases in consumption. For this purpose, we conducted an eight-week randomized controlled natural field experiment in a German youth hostel (full 2 × 2 factorial design; N = 9,999 observations). Consumption in the group with the offset program was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (by 5.4 to 15.5%). However, participants who additionally received real-time feedback on their consumption did not increase their resource use compared to the control group. While the results suggest that carbon offset programs may increase resource use, the findings provide evidence that organizations can counteract these adverse effects by making the individual’s resource use salient.     

刍议地质技术管理对实施资源战略的重要意义

简述地质技术管理概念、内容、注意事项,重点探索资源潜力评价的理论与方法、矿点(床)考察工作内容、专家会诊及矿产资源潜力评价的难点。提出地质技术管理对云铜集团实施资源战略的重要意义。