A large volume particulate and water multi-sampler with in situ preservation for microbial and biogeochemical studies

A new tool was developed for large volume sampling to facilitate marine microbiology and biogeochemical studies. It was developed for remotely operated vehicle and hydrocast deployments, and allows for rapid collection of multiple sample types from the water column and dynamic, variable environments such as rising hydrothermal plumes. It was used successfully during a cruise to the hydrothermal vent systems of the Mid-Cayman Rise. The Suspended Particulate Rosette V2 large volume multi-sampling system allows for the collection of 14 sample sets per deployment. Each sample set can include filtered material, whole (unfiltered) water, and filtrate. Suspended particulate can be collected on filters up to 142 mm in diameter and pore sizes down to 0.2 μm. Filtration is typically at flowrates of 2 L min⁻¹. For particulate material, filtered volume is constrained only by sampling time and filter capacity, with all sample volumes recorded by digital flowmeter. The suspended particulate filter holders can be filled with preservative and sealed immediately after sample collection. Up to 2 L of whole water, filtrate, or a combination of the two, can be collected as part of each sample set. The system is constructed of plastics with titanium fasteners and nickel alloy spring loaded seals. There are no ferrous alloys in the sampling system. Individual sample lines are prefilled with filtered, deionized water prior to deployment and remain sealed unless a sample is actively being collected. This system is intended to facilitate studies concerning the relationship between marine microbiology and ocean biogeochemistry.     

ROV在我国海洋区域地质调查中的应用

远程遥控水下机器人系统是一种先进的海洋综合调查设备,能够实现海底长时间、高精度的定点取样作业及其他精细调查,在海洋区域地质调查中利用ROV开展高精度海底取样及其环境调查方面具有其他调查设备无法比拟的优越性。ROV具有功能多、综合作业能力强、安全可靠和实时遥控等优点。目前国内利用ROV进行海洋区域地质调查还处于起步阶段,随着ROV在海洋调查中的应用技术不断成熟和完善,利用ROV进行海洋区域地质调查将大大提高海洋区域地质调查的装备水平和调查精度,具有广阔的应用前景。以＂海狮号＂ROV系统为例,介绍其在我国海洋区域地质调查中的典型应用。     

遥感提取植物生理参数LAI/FPAR的研究进展与应用

植物生理参数LAI/FPAR是2个重要的陆地特征参量。利用遥感光谱模型并结合地面验证是提取区域尺度的LAI/FPAR最有效的途径。提取LAI/FPAR的模型主要有光谱指数模型和辐射传输模型两类,经过精确的辐射标定和大气纠正的遥感数据可以得到较高精度的LAI/FPAR数据。影响LAI/FPAR精度的因素很多,其中主要因素是像元的异质性、植被类型和物候期等。LAI/FPAR与作物产量有更直接的关系,也是大量作物生长模型的基础,利用这些参数可以实现真实的作物产量预测,特别是开展全球尺度的单产预测。     

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Low-altitude Photogrammetry in Investigation and Evaluation of Loess Landslide

The new technology of UAVs low-altitude photogrammetry is a new three-dimensional space technology after radar remote sensing and 3D laser scanning. This technology has many advantages in the aspect of acquiring 3D point cloud data, such as large area operation, high-accuracy and capturing 3D geographical information quickly. With the algorithm improvement and commercialization development of low-altitude photogrammetry, this new technology is widely used in various fields in foreign countries. This new technology shows a tendency of rapid development in China, especially in the field of surveying and mapping, but in the geological and geotechnical engineering field is at a tentative stage. Based on briefly introducing the new technology of the basic principle and 3D data acquisition method, combined with an example about loess landslide investigation at Heifangtai tableland in Gansu Province, this paper described the application effect of the new technology in the regional landslide investigation and individual landslide investigation. The results showed as follows: ①We could greatly understand the regional spatial distribution of loess landslide in the regional landslide investigation. ②We learned the development characteristics and disaster process of the landslide by means of analyzing pre-sliding and post-sliding low-altitude photogrammetry datum in individual landslide investigation. Thus, UAVs low-altitude photogrammetry technology has broad prospects and research value in the field of geotechnical engineering and geological engineering application.     

无人机多光谱影像的天然草地生物量估算

地上草地生物量是衡量天然草地生态系统的重要指标,是草地资源合理利用和载畜平衡监测的重要依据。为了快速、准确、有效地估算天然草地地上生物量,掌握其变化规律,以天山北坡天然牧场为研究区,分析其地上生物量的时空分布特征。根据研究区阴坡与阳坡不同的草地类型和植被种类,利用多旋翼无人机获取的高分辨率多光谱影像(含近红外波段),结合地面实测数据,在进行天然草地地上生物量与植被指数相关性分析的基础上,运用回归分析方法,建立生物量和多种植被指数的估算模型。结果表明:考虑地形因子(阴阳坡)之后,植被地上生物量与各植被指数的相关性系数显著提高;不同坡向,同一植被指数拟合精度差异较大;同一坡向,各个植被指数的敏感性也有所不同。总体上,比值植被指数(RVI)与阴阳坡草地生物量拟合效果最好,模型精度均达到75%以上。利用植被指数建立的生物量估算方法结果与实际相符,可为天然草地生态系统检测和草地资源合理利用提供方法和依据。     

无人飞机在台风探测中的应用进展

与有人飞机的台风探测不同,无人飞机(也称无人机)因其相对低的成本且无人员伤亡风险等优势,自1997年一款名为"气象侦察兵(Aerosonde)"投入台风探测试验以来,受到国际社会的广泛关注。随着无人机技术的迅猛发展,无人机的飞行高度、有效荷载和续航能力等性能不断提高,更多的台风特种观测仪器被搭载,特别是2010年NASA使用高空长航时无人机"全球鹰(Global Hawk)"对大西洋5个飓风的飞行探测取得成功后,基于无人机平台建立高空下投探空和近地/水面飞行观测相结合的台风精细结构探测体系渐成趋势。目前我国尚未建立飞机探测台风的业务,严重制约了我国台风定位定强和台风数值预报精度的进一步提高。鉴于此,简要概述了境内外无人机在台风探测中的实践和发展趋势,旨在推进我国无人机探测台风的实践及其业务化体系的建设。     

无人机遥感在红树林资源调查中的应用

低空无人机（UAV,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles）遥感系统具有数据采集灵活、低成本且可快速获取超高分辨率影像的特色,是传统航空遥感和卫星遥感的重要补充。以广东省和广西壮族自治区交界处的英罗港港湾两侧为研究区域,将无人机遥感系统用于红树林资源的遥感调查,通过无人机航拍获取高分辨率影像,并且使用拼接的影像和目视解译方法提取红树林空间分布信息,进一步选择典型研究样地,采用面向对象的最近邻分类方法对红树林树种类型进行分类研究,并对比综述了无人机遥感和常规航空航天遥感技术对红树林资源调查监测的优缺点,无人机遥感系统非常适用于红树林资源调查。通过2 h 30 min的3架次无人机航飞工作,获取了研究区域25.29 km²的无人机影像,基于无人机影像和面向对象遥感分类方法提取的红树林空间分布信息精度超过了90%。未来无人机遥感系统将可成为调查和监测红树林资源的重要技术手段,可为相关管理部门对红树林资源的保护、管理、开发等方面的工作提供基础信息和技术支持。     

航空数字摄影测量传感器系统新进展

近些年来,随着数字成像技术的快速发展,大幅面框幅式数字航空成像系统和机载三线阵成像系统正得到迅速推广和应用,本文根据数字成像系统的新特点及国内外主要研究方向,参考第21届国际摄影测量与遥感大会中关于该专题的49篇文章,对航空数字成像系统的数据处理与系统集成、Leica ADS40系统、VEXCEL/Microsoft UltraCamD/UltraCamX系统、Intergraph DMC系统、无人机（UAV）数字航空成像系统等研究方向进行了总结。     

Research on hydrodynamics model test for deepsea open-framed remotely operated vehicle

This paper presents the features of newly designed hydrodynamics test for the scaled model of 4500 m deepsea open-framed remotely operated vehicle(ROV),which is being researched and developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Accurate hydrodynamics coefficients measurement and spatial modeling of ROV are significant for the maneuverability and control algorithm.The scaled model of ROV was constructed by 1:1.6.Hydrodynamics coefficients were measured through VPMM and LAHPMM towing test.And dynamics model was derived as a set of equations, describing nonlinear and coupled 5-DOF spatial motions.Rotation control motion was simulated to verify spatial model proposed.Research and application of hydrodynamics coefficients are expected to enable ROV to overcome uncertainty and disturbances of deepsea environment,and accomplish some more challengeable and practical missions.     

无控制点数据的无人机影像快速处理

本文以四川地震灾区作为典型研究区,尝试在无其他控制点数据时,仅利用小型无人机影像和无人机系统自身记录的辅助数据,进行无人机影像的快速匹配、拼接和纠正处理。首先,对小型无人机获取的影像数据和辅助数据进行了详细分析,然后,将小区域原始影像利用影像匹配算法进行自动拼接,拼接后的分块区域再根据辅助数据进行纠正处理。SIFT算法被运用到无人机影像的匹配中,达到了较好的速度和精度;分块拼接后的成果利用辅助数据的伪中心点进行纠正,相对精度较高,镶嵌结果无视觉错位。最后,将纠正结果和GoogleEarth影像数据叠加进行精度检查,主要标志性地物重叠良好。