广西三水型铝土矿的遥感研究和找矿

广西自新生代以来,进入了地洼余动期,在温暖潮湿的气候条件下,形成了大面积的三水型铝土矿化。笔者运用遥感技术对它们进行较详的研究,尤其研究铝土矿矿物和伴生矿物的波谱特征,围岩(沉积岩)的波谱特征,与铝土矿化有密切关系的地貌特征、植物特征、土壤盖层特征等,并运用数字图像处理技术来增强那些与铝土矿化有关的信息,减弱或压抑与铝土矿化无关的信息,然后,在经处理后的卫星图像上进行铝土矿解译,圈定找矿靶区。最后,进行了野外实地验证工作,在广西南部前人发现的三水铝矿床的基础上,于武鸣县发现了几处矿化区。     

宝天铁路滑坡的遥感调查与规律探讨

本文介绍了利用遥感技术对宝天铁路滑坡和崩塌灾害的调查与动态分析。通过对5个时相不同比例尺的航空像片的分析判读,在宝天段线路两侧各1公里的地带内共发现滑坡398处、崩塌206处,其中涉及线路的滑坡61处、崩塌94处。其次,在综合分析地形、地质、水文和人文等病害因素的基础上,探讨了该区域工程病害的发生规律。分析结果表明,滑坡以发生在黄土者最多,其次为破碎的变质岩和风化的花岗岩,而砂砾岩中最少;崩塌以发生在花岗岩者居多,其次是变质岩系,再次为黄土,砂砾岩中最少。该成果不仅发现了比既有资料多得多的滑坡数量,而且初步摸到了滑坡的发生规律,从而为该段线路病害的防治提供了可靠的依据。     

现代军事地理技术系统

本文对现代军事地理技术系统的构成进行了论述；阐述了军事地理研究与其技术系统主体的军事地理遥感技术、军事地理信息系统及计算机辅助军事地理专题制图技术的关系，进而提出了适合现代战争要求的军事地理技术系统构成框图。     

农田生态系统氮,磷,钾平衡试验研究：以禹城站试验地为例

根据在禹城站养分平衡试验场２０个养分池内连续三年的试验，通过比较精确的田间试验和取样分析，探讨了估养了以禹城为代表的黄淮海平原类似地区农田生态系统氮、磷、钾营养元素的平衡。试验结果表明，在黄河冲积物母质上发育的土壤，钾的供应能力很强。在当前产量水平（１２０００ｋｇ／ｈａ／ａ）施用钾肥无效果，并出现“奢侈性消移”。氮、磷元素尤其是有效性氮和磷明显缺乏，是影响作物生产的主要因素。养分损失的主要途径是氨     

Spectral stratigraphy: Remote sensing lithostratigraphic procedures for basin analysis,central wyoming examples

Stratigraphic and structural analysis of the Wind River and Bighorn basins of central Wyoming are in progress. One result has been the development of spectral stratigraphy, an approach to stratigraphic analysis that uses photogeologic and spectral interpretation of multispectral image data combined with topographic information to remotely characterize thickness and lithology of strata exposed in sedimentary basins. Thus, spectral stratigraphy is a new tool for use in integrated investigations of the evolution of sedimentary basins.Multispectral sensor systems that have been available since 1982 are used to analyze upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata on the southern margin of the Bighorn Mountains and the southern edge of the Bighorn Basin. Thematic Mapper (TM) data are used to develop stratigraphic columns and structural cross sections that are correlated with conventional surface and subsurface sections. Experimental thermal infrared aircraft data facilitate lithofacies/biofacies analysis of the monotonous Cretaceous Cody Shale sequence. Recently developed satellite and aircraft systems provide sufficient spectral resolution to allow for remote determination of the stratigraphic distribution of quartz, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, specific clay species, and other minerals diagnostic of depositional environments. Development of a desktop, computer-based, geologic analysis system that provides for automated stratigraphic interpretation and analysis of combined multispectral image and digital topographic data portends major advances in the application of spectral stratigraphy.Results demonstrate an approach with general applicability in other geologic investigations that could benefit from remotely acquired information about areal variations in sequence, attitude, thickness, and lithology of strata exposed at the Earth's surface.     

Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapour from Bhaskara IISAMIR data and its comparison withNOAA-7 water vapour data

Applying the method of ‘statistical linear regression’, atomspheric water vapour over oceanic areas has been estimated from the 19GHz and 22 GHz data of the satellite microwave radiometer (SAMIR) system onboard the Bhaskara II satellite. In the absence of any simultaneousin situ measurements on water vapour over ocean, theSAMIR-derived water vapour data have been compared with like data from theNOAA-7 satellite. It is suggested that a positive bias seen in theSAMIR data could be due to calibration errors in the basic data. In view of the observed bias, the original regression equation is modified and then used to obtain water vapour distributions over ocean for winter and south-west monsoon seasons usingSAMIR data of several orbits.     

用遥感图象分析北天山西段活动断裂的展布特征及活动速率

利用航空照片对北天山西段的线性构造进行解释,经分析得出活动断层的展布图象,即NE、NW、EW向断裂几乎同等发育。它们相互交截形成许多菱形块体。其中一组NE向断裂在过去的资料中未曾提及过。     

专家系统在 TM 图像分类中的应用

提高TM图像的分类精度,是图像处理及应用领域中一个很重要的研究课题。本文在总结已有成果基础上,首先利用现有的统计分类技术,对待分类图像进行预分类,并检测出“不确定”像元。然后综合光谱、地理、土壤类型、早期判别结果、目视判读经验等各种知识和信息,充分发挥专家系统的推理判断能力,对“不确定”像元的类别作进一步判别,使得整幅图像的分类精度得到改善。并据此初步建立了一个土地利用的分类系统。试验证明,这种分类方法的精度比仅用单一多光谱信息的统计分类法(最大似然法)提高约8％。