新型Landsat8卫星影像的反射率和地表温度反演

Landsat 8卫星自2013年2月发射以来,其影像的定标参数经过了不断调整和完善,针对Landsat 8开发的各种算法也相继问世.本文采用最新的参数、算法和引入COST算法建立的大气校正模型,对Landsat 8多光谱和热红外波段进行了处理,反演出它们的反射率和地表温度,并与同日的Landsat 7数据和实测地表温度数据进行了对比.结果表明,现有Landsat 8多光谱数据的定标参数和大气顶部反射率反演算法已有很高的精度,本文引入COST算法建立的Landsat 8大气校正模型也与Landsat 7的COST模型所获得的结果几乎相同,相关系数可高达0.99.但是现有针对Landsat 8提出的地表温度反演算法仍不理想,已提出的劈窗算法误差都较大.鉴于TIRS 11热红外波段的定标参数仍不理想,因此在现阶段建议采用单通道算法单独反演TIRS 10波段来求算地表温度,但要注意根据大气水汽含量的情况选用正确的大气参数计算公式.     

Mineral potential mapping in Central Iran using fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method

The aim of this work is to introduce the application of the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method as a straightforward knowledge‐driven approach to explore porphyry copper deposits in an airborne prospect. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to airborne geophysical (potassium radiometry, magnetometry, and frequency‐domain electromagnetic) data, geological layers (fault and host rock zones), and various extracted alteration layers from remote sensing images. The central Iranian volcanic–sedimentary belt in Kerman province of Iran that is located within the Urumieh–Dokhtar (Sahand–Bazman) magmatic arc is chosen for this study. This region has high potential of mineral occurrences, especially porphyry copper, containing some active world‐class copper mines such as Sarcheshmeh. Two evidential layers, including the downward continued map and the analytic signal of such filtered magnetic data, are generated to be used as geophysical plausible traces of porphyry copper occurrences. The low values of the resistivity layer acquired from airborne frequency‐domain electromagnetic data are also used as an electrical criterion in this study. Four remote sensing evidential layers, including argillic, phyllic, propylitic, and hydroxyl alterations, are extracted from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer images in order to map the altered areas associated with porphyry copper deposits. The Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus images are used to map iron oxide layer. Since potassium alteration is the mainstay of copper alteration, the airborne potassium radiometry data are used. Here, the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method uses a wide range of decision strategies in order to generate numerous mineral potential/prospectivity maps. The final mineral potential map based upon desired geo‐data set indicates adequately matching of high‐potential zones with previous working mines and copper deposits.     

Monitoring red tide with satellite imagery and numerical models: A case study in the Arabian Gulf

A red tide event that occurred in August 2008 in the Arabian Gulf was monitored and assessed using satellite observations and numerical models. Satellite observations revealed the bloom extent and evolution from August 2008 to August 2009. Flow patterns of the bloom patch were confirmed by results from a HYCOM model. HYCOM data and satellite-derived sea surface temperature data further suggested that the bloom could have been initiated offshore and advected onshore by bottom Ekman layer. Analysis indicated that nutrient sources supporting the bloom included upwelling, Trichodesmium, and dust deposition while other potential sources of nutrient supply should also be considered. In order to monitor and detect red tide effectively and provide insights into its initiation and maintenance mechanisms, the integration of multiple platforms is required. The case study presented here demonstrated the benefit of combing satellite observations and numerical models for studying red tide outbreaks and dynamics.     

西藏地区近期植被变化的遥感分析

利用2000—2007年的归一化植被指数,分析了近期西藏地区植被的分布状况及变化趋势,从气候条件、人类活动及其他因素等3个方面讨论了典型区域(那曲地区)植被减少的原因。结果表明,植被覆盖最好的区域是林芝及山南南部,其次是昌都、拉萨及那曲东部;不同地区的植被有显著的季节差异。近年来西藏部分地区的植被状况有所改善,植被覆盖减少最严重的区域位于那曲中东部,就全区平均而言,植被覆盖明显减少时段出现在2003—2006年之间;降水量增加(减少)、风速减少(增加)基本对应着植被覆盖的增加(减少)。近期那曲地区气温升高、降水量减少,可能导致植被覆盖减少;人口增长,城市化加剧,过度放牧,有毒植物增多,中草药的挖掘,地下矿产资源的开采以及严重的草地鼠害、虫害等都导致了那曲地区植被覆盖的减少。     

内陆湖泊的水质遥感监测研究

介绍了内陆湖泊水质遥感监测的特点及遥感监测水质的机理,总结了国内外近年来用于内陆湖泊水质参数反演的3种常用方法：经验模型、生物光学模型和神经网络模型,并分析了3种模型的优缺点;同时指出了影响内陆湖泊水质遥感监测精度的关键因素;提出了内陆湖泊水质遥感监测研究重点和方向。     

波前相位差法探测器的设计

波前相位差法是利用焦面像和离焦面像通过一个相位多样性算法来拟合相位或对目标复原,这就要求采集两个图像,一个是焦面像,另一个是离焦面像。本文的设计是根据晶体的偏振原理分像,并将焦面像和离焦像同时采集到同一个CCD(Charge Coupled Device)上,这种方法保证了两个图像的同步、实时,而且光学系统简单。文中具体给出了一种新型波前相位差法探测器的设计方案、像差分析,并且模拟了波前相位差法探测器对模拟结果的影响。     

Remote Acoustic Habitat Assessment Techniques Used to Characterize the Quality and Extent of Oyster Bottom in the Chesapeake Bay

Underwater acoustic technologies may be used for remote sensing of estuarine and coastal benthic habitat in addition to more traditional methods of assessing the seabed. These systems use reflected sound energy to identify surface objects, texture, and subbottom density discontinuities, and to classify benthic habitat. We evaluated the ability of subbottom profiling systems, side scan sonar, and acoustic seabed classification systems (ASCS) to assess oyster habitat in the Chesapeake Bay. Our criteria were the systems' abilities to assess the quality and quantity of oyster shell resources and to integrate with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology for the charting of the seabed. Although all systems examined have previously been used for benthic habitat assessment, we found that ASCS offered the most promise as a stand alone system for mapping complex and heterogeneous habitat typical of oyster bottoms. The results from this study suggest that ASCS technology is highly suited for the identification and charting of oyster shell as well as distinguishing among different combinations of shell and fine sediments. Such systems also offer excellent linkage with GIS display and analysis capability.     

Remote Sensing of Mangrove Change Along the Tanzania Coast

This article contributes to the understanding of the changes in distribution and total area of mangrove forests along the mainland Tanzania coast over the past decade. Mangroves are recognized as critical coastal habitat requiring protection and special attention. The Tanzania coastline forms a suitable habitat for establishment of mangrove forests. Mangrove forests are distributed from Tanga in the north to Mtwara in the south covering approximately 109,593 hectares from 1988-1990 and about 108,138 hectares in 2000. The largest continuous mangrove stands are found in the districts of Rufiji, Kilwa, Tanga-Muheza, and Mtwara. Comparison of data between these two time periods shows that the geographic coverage of mangroves has no dramatic change in the past decade. The Tanzania Mangrove Management Project and other closely related programs and efforts pertaining to mangrove conservation contribute to direct restoration and natural regeneration of mangroves. This study documents the changes of mangroves and demonstrates that remote sensing and GIS offer important data and tools in the advancement of coastal resource management and ecosystem monitoring. Application of geographic information technologies is critical for improved coastal resources management and decision making for sustainable development in Tanzania.     

辅以纹理和BP神经网络的TM遥感影像分类

在提高遥感图像分类精度的方法中,将纹理信息作为扩展的特征向量加入特征空间中,是一个很有效的方法。利用地物在空间上的联系提取纹理,进而参与BP神经网络分类,实验结果表明加入纹理后明显提高了具有纹理信息的地物的分类精度。     

《遥感影像判读》课程教学的几点思考

《遥感影像判读》课程是遥感科学与技术专业的基础课,在分析了课程属性和确定了教学内容的基础上,强调应激发学生求知欲和学习兴趣,采用启发式教学,并充分发挥多媒体教学优势,挖掘现代网络教学资源,将教学与科研结合起来,以提高教学质量,达到预期的教学目标。