An ocean-atmosphere index for ENSO and its relation to Indian monsoon rainfall

An Ocean-Atmosphere Index (OAI) for ENSO is developed using data on Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and sea surface temperature (SST) over eastern equatorial Pacific. Seasonal values of OAI, SOI and SST have been computed for the seasons September-October-November (SON), December-January-February (DJF), March-April-May (MAM) and June-July-August (JJA). Similarly SON to DJF, DJF to MAM, MAM to JJA and JJA to SON tendencies have been worked out for SOI, SST and OAI. The relationships between Indian Monsoon Rainfall (IMR) and SOI/SST/OAI, (i) for the seasons SON, DJF and MAM before and after the monsoon and JJA concurrent with the monsoon and (ii) for SON to DJF and DJF to MAM tendencies before and after the monsoon, and MAM to JJA tendency concurrent with the monsoon have been explored. It is found that IMR is more influenced by SOI before the monsoon than it is influenced by SST before the monsoon and IMR affects SST after monsoon more strongly than it affects SOI after the monsoon. It is also observed that DJF to MAM tendencies for SOI, SST and OAI before monsoon are significantly related to IMR, among which the relationship between IMR and DJF to MAM tendency for OAI is the best.     

长江中上游地区汛期降水的准两年振荡

利用１９５１￣１９８７年５￣８月长江中上游地区３４站的降水量资料，采用移动样本序列的极大熵谱法对长江中上游汛期降水的周期特征进行了客观、细致研究。结果表明，长江中上游地区存在显著的准两年周期振荡，并给出了其地理分布特征，其他周期振荡则不十分明显，且不稳定。     

北极涛动年代际变化对华北地区干旱化的影响

华北地区夏季降水在20世纪70年代中期以后进入年代际偏少阶段,表现出明显的干旱化趋势。华北干旱加剧具有特殊的大气环流背景,主要表现为在20世纪70年代中期以后亚洲大陆东部的热低压减弱,同时对流层低层到高层东亚夏季风环流减弱。这种异常的大气环流背景主要是由海陆热力差异和北极涛动的年代际变化造成的。近二十几年来,北极涛动维持在高指数位相是导致东亚地区大气环流异常的重要原因,并由此造成了华北干旱的加剧。     

30-60-day Oscillations of Convection and Circulation Associated with the Thermal State of the Western Pacific Warm Pool during Boreal Summer

This study focuses on the characteristics of the 30-60-day oscillation (MJO) associated with the interannual variability of the thermal state in the western Pacific warm pool. The composite results show that the amplitude of MJO convection over the tropical western Pacific tends to intensify (reduce) in the WARM (COLD) case. The negative correlations between MJO convection in the WARM and inthe COLD cases are examined to be significant over most of the Asian-Pacific region. The evolutions of MJO convection and lower circulation, on the one hand, exhibit larger differences between the WARM and COLD cases, but on the other hand, display a unique feature in that a well-developed MJO cyclone (anticyclone) is anchored over the Asian-Western Pacific domain at the peak enhanced (suppressed) MJO convection phase over the western Pacific warm pool, either in the WARM or in the COLD case. This unique feature of MJO shows a Gill-type response of lower circulation to the convection and is inferred to be an inherent appearance of MJO. The context in the paper suggests there may exist interactions between MJO and the interannual variability of the thermal state in the western Pacific warm pool.     

北欧海大气低空辐合辐散的东西振荡模态及其相应的大气遥相关异常环流

北欧海作为连接北冰洋和北大西洋的重要海域,其由热效应产生的辐合场值得关注.本文利用NECP/NCAR的速度势函数(Velocity Potential,VP)数据表征北欧海辐合辐散场,发现在秋冬季北欧海上空大气低层存在一个独立的辐合区域.经验正交函数分解结果表明,北欧海上空的VP显示出除了表征北极涛动的全区一致型模态外...     

末次冰期以来雷州半岛北部C3/C4植物相对丰度变化及其驱动因素

末次冰期以来陆地植被中C₃/C₄植物相对丰度变化及其驱动因素是当前古生态古气候研究中的重要内容.本文利用雷州半岛北部下录和屋山两处泥炭沉积有机碳同位素组成(δ¹³C_org)重建了该区域末次冰期以来C₃/C₄植物相对丰度演化历史,并探讨了其可能的驱动因素.结果表明,在MIS-3阶段初期,屋山地区的植被以C₃和C₄混合植被为主,在此后的MIS-3阶段绝大部分时期,下录和屋山地区的植被主要为C₃植被,在个别时段C₄植物也曾一度有所扩张;在MIS-2阶段,下录地区C₃植物含量显著降低,区域植被以C₄植物为主;在全新世初期,下录地区的C₃植物含量呈现出增加趋势,气候环境变得有利于C₃植物生长.对比研究表明,由于在末次冰期乃至冰期最盛期阶段,雷州半岛地区的气温下降幅度可能仅在5~8℃左右,温度足以满足C₃/C₄植物的生长需要,从而使得受东亚夏季风强度直接影响的降水增多或减少成为控制本区域C₃/C₄植物相对丰度变化的主导因素.此外,大气CO₂浓度可能对该地区C₃/C₄植物相对丰度变化也具有一定的影响.     

认识和预报亚洲季风气候：前沿突破点和展望

改进我们对季风变化和可预报性的认识以便促进季风气候预报的发展是当前世界气候研究计划下属的国际季风研究（IMS）和亚洲季风年（AMY2007-2011）研究的一个主要目的。本文从以下方面回顾了亚洲季风气候研究的最新进展：（1）季风变化的机制和数值模拟,（2）可预报性的物理基础和极限,（3）气候预报的现状。文章的讨论侧重于周尺度到年际尺度,特别提出了季风气候研究中存在的若干科学问题和研究前沿上的可能突破点,讨论了季风预报研究的未来发展方向,旨在促进未来的季风研究,加深我们对季风气候动力学的理解,以及提高对亚洲季风气候变化的预报能力。     

Intraseasonal Variation of Visibility in Hong Kong

Visibility is one of the parameters for indicating air pollution.In this study,visibility variation in Hong Kong during summer and winter is investigated.Visibility in Hong Kong has clear intraseasonal variation.Examination of different environmental parameters suggests that the intraseasonal component dominates the overall circulation anomalies in both summer and winter.Associated with the intraseasonal variation of environmental parameters,obvious variation in visibility impairment is found in both summer and winter.In summer,local visibility and air quality are found to be significantly affected by the(MJO)and the 10–30-day intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)through modulation of associated atmospheric circulations.In winter,the modulation effects appear to be weaker due to the southward shift of the associated convection.The results in this study highlight the importance of the ISO in contributing to the overall variation in visibility in Hong Kong,and provide useful implications for the development of possible mitigation strategies associated with visibility impairment and air pollution in Hong Kong.     

东亚冬季风异常与ENSO循环关系的进一步研究

通过对1955～1989年35年的观测资料的合成分析,进一步指出东亚冬季风与ElNino、LaNina事件存在着明显的相互作用、相互影响的循环关系.这种循环关系一方面表现在异常强(弱)东亚冬季风通过激发赤道中西太平洋地区的异常西(东)风以及强(弱)对流活动,而最终使得ElNino(LaNina)事件爆发;另一方面,ElNino(LaNina)的爆发将通过大气遥响应,使得东亚冬季风偏弱(强).功率谱分析也表明,东亚冬季风与ENSO循环相互作用主要表现在3～5年的周期上,同时准2年周期也很明显.