2013—2018年大连中心城区臭氧时空变化及其影响因子分析

基于2013—2018年大连中心城区O_(3)监测数据和气象数据,分析了该区O_(3)污染时空变化特征及气象要素对O_(3)污染的影响。结果表明:2013—2018年大连中心城区O_(3)已经逐渐成为最主要的大气污染物之一。O_(3)年平均浓度由2013年的66.66μg·m^(-3)上升至2018年的101.62μg·m^(-3)。秋季和夏季是大连O_(3)浓度较高的季节,其次是冬季和春季。O_(3)最高浓度月份主要为5月、6月及9月。O_(3)浓度日变化呈明显的单峰状,从上午08时开始增加,在下午14—16时达到最高,白天浓度高于夜晚。O_(3)污染物在2013—2017年从大连中心城区的西南向东北扩散。大连中心城区O_(3)与其他5种大气污染物均存在不同程度的负相关,与气温呈显著正相关,与相对湿度、气压及风速相关性较差。有利于大连O_(3)污染天气的气象条件主要为高气温(>30℃)、低湿度(≤80%)、低风速(1.5—2.0 m·s^(-1))、北风风向和长日照时间。高污染日的出现可能是受高温天气与本地逐渐增加的排放物共同影响。     

中高纬大气ISO对夏季鄂海阻高形成和维持的调节作用

运用1979—2015年的逐日NCEP-DOE再分析资料,探讨了夏季鄂霍次克海阻塞高压(简称“鄂海阻高”)与中高纬大气季节内振荡(简称“ISO”)之间的可能联系。研究发现,ISO扰动与夏季鄂海阻高在关键区(130°~160°E,60°~75°N)有最好的耦合关系,且关键区位势高度表现出显著的10~30 d的振荡周期。超前滞后合成分析表明,与鄂海阻高相联系的ISO扰动具有明显的向西传播的特征。波活动通量分析结果显示,波能量在中高纬140°W附近累积,因此西传的ISO扰动可能源自中高纬140°W附近。对位势倾向方程的诊断结果显示,动力作用对关键区位势高度的时间变化起主要作用。进一步运用尺度分析表明,在夏季鄂海阻高发生和维持的过程中,ISO经向风引导的平均涡度平流对位势高度的时间变化起主导作用。     

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1998年夏季亚洲地区低频大气环流的特征及其与长江中下游降水的关系

利用日本GAME资料、TRMM卫星资料及中国730站降水资料研究了1998年夏季亚洲地区对流层至平流层低频振荡(LFO)的传播特征及该年长江中下游夏季降水变化的LFO型,结果表明:1998年5-8月,在青藏高原经纬度上,对流层LFO的东西向传播特征与季节变化有关.在东西方向上,高原和东亚大陆雨季开始前,LFO以向东传播为主;在雨季开始后,LFO以向西传播为主.南北方向上,LFO的传播在雨季前后基本一致,高原南北两侧均向高原传播.在南北方向上,青藏高原是LFO的汇;而在东西方向上,高原西部只在雨季开始后是LFO加强区,使西传进入高原的LFO继续西传.整个大气层以对流层顶(100 hPa)LFO最强,进入平流层LFO迅速减弱.1998年夏季长江中下游降水存在两次明显的LFO循环,我们根据两次降水LFO各位相合成分析了降水、500和100 hPa LFO环流以及沿30°N LFO垂直环流.结果表明:来自西伯利亚向南传播和来自孟加拉湾及南海向北传播的LFO气旋(降水谷值期)和反气旋(降水峰值期)形成了高原东部上空LFO气旋(降水谷值期)和反气旋(降水峰值期)以及来自中纬度西太平洋南下西移经日本、黄海到达中国大陆东部海洋上空的LFO反气旋(降水谷值期)和气旋(降水峰值期)的共同作用造成了长江中下游地区强烈的下沉(降水谷值期)和上升(降水峰值期),形成长江中下游降水LFO谷值期和峰值期.     

一个一阶时滞微分方程的振动准则

讨论了一阶时滞微分方程解的振动性。得出该方程一切解振动的一个新准则。     

A high-pressure,high-temperature apparatus for studies of seismic wave dispersion and attenuation

An apparatus is described which provides for the investigation of viscoelasticity/anelasticity in geologic and related materials under conditions of high pressure and temperature. Cylindrical specimens are tested in torsion—a geometry particularly well suited to shear mode observations at the low strain amplitudes of the linear regine. Forced oscillation experiments allow the measurement of disperision and attenuation at the low frequencies of teleseismic wave propagation. The conduct of complementary forced oscillation and creep tests allows recoverble anelastic strains to be distinguished from those of permanent viscous deformation. It has been demonstrated that robust measurements can be made at strain amplitudes below 10^–5 and frequencies of 1 mHz–1 Hz, underP-T conditions to 300 MPa and 1200°C. The prospects for further development of this facility are outlined.     

On the Diurnal Cycle of Heavy Rainfall over the Sichuan Basin during 10–18 August 2020※

A sustained heavy rainfall event occurred over the Sichuan basin in southwest China during 10–18 August 2020, showing pronounced diurnal rainfall variations with nighttime peak and afternoon minimum values, except on the first day. Results show that the westward extension of the anomalously strong western Pacific subtropical high was conducive to the maintenance of a southerly low-level jet (LLJ) in and to the southeast of the basin, which favored continuous water vapor transport and abnormally high precipitable water in the basin. The diurnal cycle of rainfall over the basin was closely related to the periodic oscillation of the LLJ in both wind speed and direction that was caused by the combination of inertial oscillation and terrain thermal forcing. The nocturnally enhanced rainfall was produced by moist convection mostly initiated during the evening hours over the southwest part of the basin where high convective available potential energy with moister near-surface moist air was present. The convective initiation took place as cold air from either previous precipitating clouds from the western Sichuan Plateau or a larger-scale northerly flow met a warm and humid current from the south. It was the slantwise lifting of the warm, moist airflow above the cold air, often facilitated by southwest vortices and quasi-geostrophic ascent, that released the convective instability and produced heavy rainfall.     

热带西太平洋海表盐度的变化特征及其对淡水通量的响应

基于1980~2015年的全球简单海洋资料同化分析系统(SODA)、全球海气通量(OAFlux)和全球降水气候学计划(GPCP)等海洋、大气观测再分析资料,采用线性拟合、经验正交函数(EOF)分解、相关分析和波谱分析等数理统计方法,分析了热带西太平洋海表盐度(SSS)和淡水通量时空变化特征及其关系.结果表明,SSS与淡水通量的气候态及长期线性变化趋势有较好的空间对应关系,两者均有多种时间尺度的EOF模态,其年代际变化模态有较好的正相关关系,并与太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)有密切的滞后相关.分析表明,PDO可能通过影响Walker环流的变化来影响热带西太平洋的淡水通量分布,从而影响SSS的时空格局.     

东亚季风区大气季节内振荡经向与纬向传播特征分析

将NECP/NCAR资料中850 hPa纬向风分量进行30～60天带通滤波, 研究东亚季风区大气季节内振荡的传播特征。分析表明, 夏季东亚季风区大气季节内振荡(ISO)的传播分为经向传播和纬向传播, 其中经向传播主要为热带地区ISO的向北传播, 纬向传播则是分别起源于印度季风区的ISO东传和起源于西太平洋海域的ISO西传。东传和西传的ISO在120°E附近汇合后增强自热带地区北传到此的ISO, 使得ISO在经向上可以继续向北传播, 其最北界可达35°N以北, 并对我国长江中下游地区夏季降水产生一定的影响。     

CLIMATIC JUMP FROM LATE 1970S TO EARLY 1980S AND ITS EFFECT*

By use of the moving T test to do research on the interdecadal climate jump of the Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure.500 hPa height and North Pacific sea surface temperature,we found that in recent 50 years an obvious interdecadal climate jump existed at the late 1970s to the early 1980s.There is significant difference before and after the jump in terms of the Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure,500 hPa height and North Pacific sea surface temperature.Furthermore,the focus is then placed on the effect of the jump on temperature and rainfall in China.