Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations in the MJO skeleton model with observation-based forcing

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) skeleton model is a low-order model for intraseasonal oscillations that, in an extended form, includes off-equatorial and antisymmetric components. Previous studies of this extended model have used an idealized background state and forcing terms. In the current study, observation-based estimates of these forcing terms and background state are used. Linear solutions to the extended model with this observation-based forcing consist of both equatorially-symmetric convective events and events with a meridional tilt reminiscent of composites of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in observational studies. Solutions to a nonlinear stochastic form of the model exhibit realistic precipitation mean and variance and intraseasonal variability throughout much of the tropics. These solutions contain several types of events, including meridionally-tilted convective activity that moves both northward and eastward. Solutions to both forms of the model also indicate that this BSISO-like convective activity is coupled to activity over the eastern Pacific. A discussion of these features and their agreement with previous observational studies of the BSISO is given.     

Relationship between the southern oscillation/El Nino and rainfall in some tropical and midlatitude regions

Association of ENSO (El Nino/southern oscillation) events with annual rainfalls in S. America, Africa, India, Australia and New Zealand was found to be poor except for India and Victoria. For these two regions the relationships were one-sided i.e. most of the ENSO were associated with droughts; but many droughts were not associated with ENSO. for some rainfall series, the relationships are significant and prominent periodicities existed in the long periodicity region.     

Geomorphology and glacial history of Rauer Group, East Antarctica

The presence of glacial sediments across the Rauer Group indicates that the East Antarctic ice sheet formerly covered the entire archipelago and has since retreated at least 15 km from its maximum extent. The degree of weathering of these glacial sediments suggests that ice retreat from this maximum position occurred sometime during the latter half of the last glacial cycle. Following this phase of retreat, the ice sheet margin has not expanded more than ∼ 1 km seaward of its present position. This pattern of ice sheet change matches that recorded in Vestfold Hills, providing further evidence that the diminutive Marine Isotope Stage 2 ice sheet advance in the nearby Larsemann Hills may have been influenced by local factors rather than a regional ice-sheet response to climate and sea-level change.     

From the circular to the spatial elliptic restricted three-body problem

We deal with the study of the spatial restricted three-body problem in the case where the small particle is far from the primaries, that is, the so-called comet case. We consider the circular problem, apply double averaging and compute the relative equilibria of the reduced system. It appears that, in the circular problem, we find not only part of the equilibria existing in the elliptic case, but also new ones. These critical points are in correspondence with periodic and quasiperiodic orbits and invariant tori of the non-averaged Hamiltonian. We explain carefully the transition between the circular and the elliptic problems. Moreover, from the relative equilibria of elliptic type, we obtain invariant 3-tori of the original system.     

雷电灾害与监测预报

利用1961―2013年我国722个气象台站雷暴日资料,统计分析了我国雷暴日数的时空分布及其变化特征,同时探讨了东亚夏季风对我国年雷暴日数变化的影响。结果表明：我国雷暴区可分为北方中雷区、南方多雷区、高原多雷区和西北少雷区四个区域;夏季雷暴日数最多,冬季最少,春、秋季居中,春季比秋季多,冬春季雷暴主要发生在南方区,夏秋季主要发生在高原区。我国年平均雷暴日数在波动中总体呈减少趋势,有97.9%以上的台站年平均雷暴日数呈减少趋势,整体上南方区比北方区减少幅度要大。全国及各区年平均雷暴日数变化主要存在10~13 a和18 a左右的长周期振荡,同时在不同年代存在4~8 a短周期振荡。从2013年以来,我国及各区年平均雷暴日数处于相对较多时期。夏季风强度指数与全国4—9月平均雷暴日数存在较好的正相关,相关系数为0.658 9,达0.001极显著水平;强夏季风年4—9月雷暴日数比弱夏季风年平均多25%以上。东亚夏季风减弱与我国年雷暴日数减少呈极显著正相关。

     

低轨道磁化等离子体中运动航天器等离子体鞘层特性

用二维静电粒子模拟程序研究了在低轨道磁化等离子体中航天器充电过程和等离子体鞘层结构．采用磁化等离子体流经航天器的物理模型,并且考虑零级对流电场的影响．结果表明航天器在低轨道空间飞行时,如果不考虑光电子流,航天器会在短时间内(ｔ＝５４ω_ｐｅ^－１,ω_ｐｅ是电子等离子体频率)快速充电到平衡电位。在不考虑航天器运动的情况下其周围等离子体鞘层结构是围绕航天器对称的,等离子体鞘层宽度约２．４个德拜（Ｄｅｂｙｅ）长度．当考虑航天器运动时,航天器的平衡负电位绝对值减小．且在背离航天器运动方向上等离子体鞘层宽度为８．３个德拜长度．磁场的增大使负的平衡电位绝对值变小,当航天器运动从平行于磁场方向转向垂直于磁场方向时,航天器负平衡电位的绝对值减小．     

Co-sequestration of SO2 with supercritical CO2 in carbonates: An experimental study of capillary trapping,relative permeability,and capillary pressure

In this study we performed three categories of steady- and unsteady-state core-flooding experiments to investigate capillary trapping, relative permeability, and capillary pressure, in a scCO₂ + SO₂/brine/limestone system at elevated temperature and pressure conditions, i.e., 60 °C and 19.16 MPa. We used a Madison limestone core sample acquired from the Rock Springs Uplift in southwest Wyoming. We carried out two sets of steady-state drainage-imbibition relative permeability experiments with different initial brine saturations to study hysteresis. We found that the final scCO₂ + SO₂ drainage relative permeability was very low, i.e., 0.04. We also observed a rapid reduction in the scCO₂-rich phase imbibition relative permeability curve, which resulted in a high residual trapping. The results showed that between 62.8% and more than 76% of the initial scCO₂ + SO₂ at the end of drainage was trapped by capillary trapping mechanism (trapping efficiency). We found that at higher initial brine saturations, the trapping efficiency was higher. The maximum initial and residual scCO₂-rich phase saturations at the end of primary drainage and imbibition were 0.525 and 0.329, respectively. Each drainage-imbibition cycle was followed by a dissolution process to re-establish S_w = 1. The dissolution brine relative permeabilities for both cycles were also obtained. We characterized the scCO₂ + SO₂/brine capillary pressure hysteresis behavior through unsteady-state primary drainage, imbibition, and secondary drainage experiments. We observed negative imbibition capillary pressure curve indicative of possible wettability alteration throughout the experiments due to contact with scCO₂ + SO₂/brine fluid system. The trapping results were compared to those reported in literature for other carbonate core samples. We noticed slightly more residual trapping in our sample, which might be attributed to heterogeneity, different viscosity ratio, and pore-space topologies. The impact of dynamic effects, i.e., high brine flow rate imbibition tests, on trapping of the scCO₂-rich phase was also explored. We performed two imbibition experiments with relatively high brine flow rates. The residual scCO₂ saturation dropped to 0.291 and 0.262 at the end of the first and second imbibition tests, i.e., 11.5% and 20.4%, respectively, compared to 0.329 under capillary-dominated regime.     

日本9级和缅甸7.2级地震热辐射表现特征

应用中国静止气象卫星热红外遥感亮温资料获得其相对功率谱信息,对大范围全时段的相对功率谱信息进行了分析,其结果为:日本9.0级和缅甸7.2级地震发生前存在显著的亮温变化,震前6个月左右异常开始出现,相对变化幅度达10倍以上;这两次地震的异常区域大小和时间变化形态存在明显差异,可能是地质和气候环境所致.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BED SCOUR IN A 90°CHANNEL BEND

The special feature of bend flow leads to scouring of the bed and bank. Various parameters like flow depth, flow velocity or discharge, geometry of bend and characteristics of bed material may affect the scour process. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of some important parameters on bend scour under clear water condition. Experiments were conducted in a 0.6m wide and 0.7m high flume with 90 degree bend. The lateral variations of bed slope were studied. The maximum depth of scour was correlated to densimetric Froude number, relative bend radius and relative depth of flow.