地理加权回归在区域土地利用格局模拟中的应用——以常州市孟河镇为例

以江苏省常州市新北区孟河镇为研究区,在土地利用格局模拟的回归建模中考虑驱动因子对土地利用格局影响的空间不稳定性,实现基于地理加权的回归分析模型,并与基于全局最小二乘法(OLS)的Logistic回归模型进行比较。研究结果表明,运用地理加权回归(GWR)的建模方法,不但可以获得更好的拟合优度和更高的拟合准确率,而且可以获得各驱动因子对土地利用格局影响的空间分异特征。同时,研究结果也可以为孟河镇及其类似地区的土地利用规划决策提供科学依据。     

A spatial analysis of the geographic distribution of musculoskeletal and general practice healthcare clinics in Auckland,New Zealand

Despite the high incidence of musculoskeletal health problems in New Zealand, the use of specialised musculoskeletal healthcare providers appears to be limited to a small subsection of society. Analysis of the spatial distribution of musculoskeletal and general practice clinics in Auckland, New Zealand was undertaken to understand the geographical component of the issue of musculoskeletal healthcare accessibility. The locations of all physiotherapy, chiropractic, osteopathic, podiatry, acupuncture and general practitioner (GP) clinics in urban Auckland were mapped and analysed using a combination of spatial statistical tools. Results showed a contrast between the distribution of the predominantly privately-funded musculoskeletal clinics, which appeared clustered in central areas of the city, and predominantly publicly-funded GP clinics, which appeared more evenly spread across the study area. Several physical and social environmental variables appeared to be correlated with clinic location, including clinic proximity to major roads and urban centres, and residential socioeconomic status and ethnicity. This study represents a first step in understanding the underlying causes of the demographic divide between users and non-users of musculoskeletal healthcare. These results may help to inform the development of strategies to improve the accessibility of musculoskeletal healthcare services for people living or working in areas with low provision of musculoskeletal clinics.     

直线型斜坡滚石运动速度特征研究

斜坡滚石运动速度特征与坡表覆盖层特征、滚石形状、坡面角度、滚石质量等主要因素有关,选择不同坡表覆盖层,对不同形状、质量的滚石,采用低角度直线坡段设计正交试验（L27（34））,研究斜坡滚石滚动状态下速度特征。分析得到滚石斜坡运动影响因子排序：坡表特性X1、坡角X3、滚石形状X2、滚石质量X4。回归分析得出斜坡滚石运动估算速度公式：vc=-7.85X10.50+0.47X23.22+2.97X30.24,与试验实测值进行对比,得出相对误差为8.2%,相关系数为r=0.92。利用回归方程分析单因素的影响趋势,结果表明：坡表特征与速度有明显线性负相关关系、滚石形状与速度呈上凹型曲线、坡角与速度呈下凹型曲线的数学关系。通过现场试验,实测得到斜坡滚石速度计算简化修正公式v=v0+(L/2.45) vc,对比验证与实测结果吻合较好,证明了本文计算公式对于总体平直、角度局部变化的直线型斜坡的适用性和有效性。所得成果可估算斜坡滚石的速度与冲击能量,对滚石防治措施的选择有参考价值。     

中国人口老龄化区域差异及驱动机制研究

基于中国第五、六次人口普查数据,分析中国省域人口老龄化的程度、速度、社会经济影响、空间差异及其驱动机制。结果表明：① 2000~2010年中国人口老龄化处于初级老龄化阶段且不断加深,区域差异缩小,东部地区低速增长,中西部地区老龄化与养老负担快速增加。老年人口密度属较低密度区,从东向西呈梯度降低。② 中国省域人口老龄化程度及空间布局是人口自然增长、人口机械增长、经济水平等因素相互调节与空间分异的综合结果。③ 各机制系数空间异质性的综合作用促使老龄化大致由南北向分异转变为东西向分异的空间格局。省际人口迁移从根本上制约如今的中国人口老龄化空间格局。     

TUTORIAL TO ROBUST STATISTICS

The least squares method 15 eurrently the most PoPular aPProaeh to estimation beeause oftradition and ease of eomPutation,However,real data sets frequently eontain outliers,whiehmay be mistakes or exeePtional observations.In this situation least squares beeomesunreliable.Two things often haPPen:the estimates become     

Diversity in Knoxville: An applied perspective

This study contributes to the literature on applied urban geography by examining spatial patterns and processes of changing racial/ethnic diversity within the intra-urban context of Knoxville metropolitan statistical area. Knoxville embraces a diverse economic set up with opportunities in high-tech research and development, manufacturing, tertiary/service-sectors, construction, as well as entertainment industry. This serves well for its continued population growth, including minorities during 1990–2009. This paper explores how the neighborhood-level socioeconomic, demographic, and built-environment characteristics relate to tract-level racial/ethnic diversity, measured by multi-group diversity score and its components. Tools such as isarithmic surface density maps, correlations, principal components and regression analyses are used to examine processes of change. Results indicate that diversity in 1990 associates with negative change whereas diversity in 2000 associates with positive change. Though overall diversity sprawls and increases during 1990–2009, diversity among non-White declines during 2000–2009 and shows spatial confinement. Regressions suggest complicated mosaics of changing neighborhoods, providing evidence of invasion-succession, filtering and resurgence of ethnic-enclaves in specific neighborhoods. Concerning the six counties of the MSA, Knox is the most diverse whereas Union the least, though the share of Hispanics tops in Loudon and Asians in Knox. In terms of strategic planning, findings from this research can be used in creating equitable and sustainable urban communities that can improve the overall well-being of people by reducing racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities that might occur as undesirable consequences of fast increasing diversity.     

基于时空Logistic回归模型的漳州城市扩展预测分析

本文提出一种以时空Logistic回归模型来预测城市扩展的新方法。其首先在传统Logistic回归模型中加入空间自相关结构构建空间Logistic回归模型,然后,利用漳州市区近20年(1989-2009年)的数据,建立不同时期城市扩展模拟的多个子空间Logistic回归模型M1,再采用一次平滑指数法综合处理这些时间序列...     

森林生物化学与CASI高光谱分辨率遥感数据的相关分析

该文介绍了利用光谱范围约 417— 80 0nm的航空高光谱分辨率数据估计森叶族叶化学成分浓度的分析方法。沿横跨美国俄勒冈州中西部收集 6个研究立地上的小型机载成象光谱仪 (CASI)数据。 3个族叶化学成分 [总叶绿素 (TC)、全氮 (TN)和全磷 (TP) ]从相同的研究立地取样并在实验室测定。使用多元统计和光谱微分技术评价CASI数据用于估计冠层生化浓度的潜力和效率。 12个族叶化学成分样本被测定 ,并同时在相同立地上提取CASI图象数据。 7个单回归模型被用来探索单波段和植被指数与 3个化学成分的线性与非线性相关关系及预测效果。光谱微分技术被用来压缩背景噪音对目标光谱的影响。利用CASI原始光谱、一阶和二阶微分光谱数据和逐步回归分析来预测TC、TN和TP。结果表明采用光谱微分技术能显著地改善由拟合度 (R2 )和均方根差(SE)描述的森林冠层化学成分浓度的估计精度。由单波段分析的结果说明族叶化学与CASI数据间的相关性很低。事实上 ,对于TP ,CASI原始数据与实验室测定的数据几乎无关     

最大值函数对建筑物沉降的回归分析

为有效地对建筑物的沉降进行回归分析,本文以新城花园酒店为例,用幂级数和最大值函数两种回归函数对观测数据进行分析,通过显著性检验值和均方差的大小来推测建筑沉降的规律,并根据分析预测结果来评价两种回归函数的性能,理论分析和实验表明:采用最大值函数和幂级数对LS5的观测数据进行回归分析都能够达到建筑物沉降变形的精度要求,但最大值函数的性能优于幂级数。     

基于影像交叉学习的CBERS CCD波段模拟

与TM/ETM+相比,CBERS CCD缺少2个红外波段(波段5和波段7),这便导致了许多针对TM/ETM+数据的图像处理方法难以直接应用于CBERS CCD图像.为此,采用基于影像交叉学习的波段模拟方法,即以ETM+数据作为先验知识,通过支持向量回归( Support Vector Regression,SVR),拟...