Precision real-time navigation of LEO satellites using global positioning system measurements

Continued advancements in remote sensing technology along with a trend towards highly autonomous spacecraft provide a strong motivation for accurate real-time navigation of satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO). Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors nowadays enable a continuous tracking and provide low-noise radiometric measurements onboard a user spacecraft. Following the deactivation of Selective Availability a representative real-time positioning accuracy of 10 m is presently achieved by spaceborne global positioning system (GPS) receivers on LEO satellites. This accuracy can notably be improved by use of dynamic orbit determination techniques. Besides a filtering of measurement noise and other short-term errors, these techniques enable the processing of ambiguous measurements such as carrier phase or code-carrier combinations. In this paper a reference algorithm for real-time onboard orbit determination is described and tested with GPS measurements from various ongoing space missions covering an altitude range of 400–800 km. A trade-off between modeling effort and achievable accuracy is performed, which takes into account the limitations of available onboard processors and the restricted upload capabilities. Furthermore, the benefits of different measurements types and the available real-time ephemeris products are assessed. Using GPS broadcast ephemerides a real-time position accuracy of about 0.5 m (3D rms) is feasible with dual-frequency carrier phase measurements. Slightly inferior results (0.6–1 m) are achieved with single-frequency code-carrier combinations or dual-frequency code. For further performance improvements the use of more accurate real-time GPS ephemeris products is mandatory. By way of example, it is shown that the TDRSS Augmentation Service for Satellites (TASS) offers the potential for 0.1–0.2 m real-time navigation accuracies onboard LEO satellites.     

Magnetic field fossilization and tail reconfiguration in Titan's plasma environment during a magnetopause passage: 3D adaptive hybrid code simulations

We present a hybrid simulation study (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) of Titan's plasma interaction during an excursion of this moon from Saturn's magnetosphere into its magnetosheath, as observed for the first time during Cassini's T32 flyby on 13 June 2007. In contrast to earlier simulations of Titan's plasma environment under non-stationary upstream conditions, our model considers a difference in the flow directions of magnetospheric and magnetosheath plasma. Two complementary scenarios are investigated, with the flow directions of the impinging magnetospheric/magnetosheath plasmas being (A) antiparallel and (B) parallel. In both cases, our simulations show that due to the drastically reduced convection speed in the slow and dense heavy ion plasma near Titan, the satellite carries a bundle of “fossilized” magnetic field lines from the magnetosphere in the magnetosheath. Furthermore, the passage through Saturn's magnetopause goes along with a disruption of Titan's pick-up tail. Although the tail is not detached from the satellite, large clouds of heavy ion plasma are stripped of its outer flank, featuring a wave-like pattern. Whereas in case (B) under parallel flow conditions there is only a small retardation of about 5 min between the passage of Titan through the magnetopause and the reconfiguration of the pick-up tail, the tail reconfiguration in the case (A) scenario is completed not until 25 min after the magnetopause passage. The lifetime of fossil fields in the moon's ionosphere is approximately 25 min, regardless of whether parallel or antiparallel flow conditions are applied.     

重大滑坡灾害远程自动监测预警系统

为实现对滑坡体进行实时监测和提高滑坡应急处置能力,利用计算机技术、网络技术和无线传输技术,将数字视频实时监控技术引入重大滑坡监测预警,开发滑坡远程监测预警系统.系统对吴家岩滑坡的监测表明,该系统能及时、准确和完整地反映滑坡体的变形及危险,出现异常立即自动报警.     

马氏珠母贝外套膜中央膜与边缘膜荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的筛选

为筛选能在马氏珠母贝外套膜边缘膜与中央膜区域稳定表达的内参基因,应用荧光定量PCR 技术,对3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）、β-肌动蛋白（β-actin）、胆色素原脱氨酶（PBGD）、微管蛋白（TUB）、TATA 盒结合蛋白（TBP）、磷脂酶A2（PLA-2）、葡萄糖苷酶（GUSB）、18S 核糖体rRNA（18SrRNA）等8 个常用的内参基因在马氏珠母贝外套膜边缘膜与中央膜区域的表达情况进行分析,并利用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper 及RefFinder 软件对8 个内参基因的表达稳定性进行分析.结果表明：8 个内参基因均可获得特异性扩增产物,但稳定性各异, 其在外套膜边缘膜和中央膜区的表达稳定性顺序依次为PBGD/TBP〉TUB〉GUSB〉18SrRNA〉PLA-2〉GAPDH〉 β-actin;在荧光定量PCR 中,PBGD 和TBP 在马氏珠母贝外套膜边缘膜和中央膜区的表达比较稳定,为研究贝壳矿化机制中理想的内参基因.     

网上全景多视点实时浏览与快速传输系统

设计了一个面向虚拟旅游场景的网上全景多视点实时漫游与传输系统。该虚拟旅游系统是基于Flash3D技术进行了构架设计,对海量虚拟旅游全景图片的传输模式和传输策略进行了优化调度,从而使得虚拟旅游场景的网上浏览和传输变得更为流畅。该优化调度策略在湛江虚拟旅游系统中得到了很好的运用。     

砌体填充框架结构的实时子结构试验方法及仿真分析

由于砌体填充框架结构的砌体与框架之间的相互作用,使得其整体动力性能非常复杂。如何通过实时试验准确揭示其抗震性能是非常值得研究的内容。本文介绍了砌体填充框架结构的实时子结构试验方法,并进行了数值模拟。数值模拟的结果表明,本文的方法具有很好的稳定性和精度。     

南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13引导糖基转移酶基因表达对环境因子变化的响应

为了探讨胞外多糖在南极微生物低温适应性中的作用与机制,克隆了南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13的引导糖基转移酶(GTF)核心片段,并采用Real-Time PCR的方法研究了温度、冻融循环、盐浓度、pH等条件对该糖基转移酶基因(gtf)表达的影响。结果表明,低温有利于gtf的表达,短时的低温刺激(2℃)1 h后,gtf的表达量即上调为对照的1.5倍;而该菌经4和10℃培养24 h后gtf的表达量约为20℃时的8~12倍;经过冻融循环gtf的表达量上调,在第2个冻融循环后gtf 的表达量较对照提高了3.667倍;盐浓度对gtf的影响表现为低促高抑,即NaCl含量为6.0 %时gtf 的表达量是对照(3.0%)的3.59倍,当NaCl含量达9.0 %时gtf 表达量则显著下调;在一定范围内(pH5.0~8.0),pH的改变会促进gtf 的表达,当pH为6.0时gtf 表达量约为pH7.0时的2倍。该结果为探讨胞外多糖在南极微生物环境适应性中的作用与机制提供了科学依据。     

短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)过氧化物还原酶(OoPrx-4)基因的克隆及其对鳗弧菌胁迫的转录调控分析

从本研究前期构建的短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)cDNA文库中克隆得到过氧化物还原酶(OoPrx-4)基因的cDNA全长,该基因cDNA全长934bp,包括5′非编码区(UTR)19bp,3′UTR177bp,开放阅读框(ORF)738bp,共编码245个氨基酸,理论等电点为6.65,预测分子量27.1kDa。采用实时荧光定量PCR法分析了OoPrx-4基因在短蛸各组织及鳗弧菌胁迫下的表达规律,结果表明,OoPrx-4在短蛸血细胞、肌肉、系统心脏、鳃、胃、肾囊、性腺、外套膜和肝胰腺等检测组织中都有表达,其中在肝胰腺的表达量最高。经鳗弧菌刺激后,Prx-4在血细胞中的表达量分别在6h和48h出现了两次明显上调。Prx-4作为抗氧化酶可能在减少机体因抵御鳗弧菌胁迫所产生的过氧化物方面发挥重要的作用。     

Adjustment of wind-drift effect for real-time systematic error correction in radar rainfall data

An effective bias correction procedure using gauge measurement is a significant step for radar data processing to reduce the systematic error in hydrological applications. In these bias correction methods, the spatial matching of precipitation patterns between radar and gauge networks is an important premise. However, the wind-drift effect on radar measurement induces an inconsistent spatial relationship between radar and gauge measurements as the raindrops observed by radar do not fall vertically to the ground. Consequently, a rain gauge does not correspond to the radar pixel based on the projected location of the radar beam. In this study, we introduce an adjustment method to incorporate the wind-drift effect into a bias correlation scheme. We first simulate the trajectory of raindrops in the air using downscaled three-dimensional wind data from the weather research and forecasting model (WRF) and calculate the final location of raindrops on the ground. The displacement of rainfall is then estimated and a radar–gauge spatial relationship is reconstructed. Based on this, the local real-time biases of the bin-average radar data were estimated for 12 selected events. Then, the reference mean local gauge rainfall, mean local bias, and adjusted radar rainfall calculated with and without consideration of the wind-drift effect are compared for different events and locations. There are considerable differences for three estimators, indicating that wind drift has a considerable impact on the real-time radar bias correction. Based on these facts, we suggest bias correction schemes based on the spatial correlation between radar and gauge measurements should consider the adjustment of the wind-drift effect and the proposed adjustment method is a promising solution to achieve this.     

大竹蛏(Solen grandis)铁蛋白基因的克隆及其在转录水平上对微生物多糖的应答

本研究克隆获得了一个大竹蛏(Solen grandis)铁蛋白(SgFer)基因的cDNA全长,其序列全长为848bp,5’和3’端的非编码区分别为111bp和212bp,开放阅读框525bp,推测编码174个氨基酸,预测分子量为20.2kDa,理论等电点为5.20。通过荧光定量PCR法研究了SgFer在健康大竹蛏组织中以及大竹蛏受到微生物多糖刺激后的表达规律,结果表明,SgFer在血细胞、鳃、外套膜、肌肉、性腺和肝胰腺等组织器官中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。SgFer在大竹蛏受到肽聚糖(PGN)和葡聚糖(glucan)刺激后,其mRNA的表达量显著上调,分别在刺激后6h和12h达到最高;而脂多糖(LPS)刺激不能诱导其mRNA表达量上调。SgFer可能参与大竹蛏对微生物多糖的清除反应。