新疆富蕴县库额尔齐斯铁矿成因机制探讨研究

目前针对阿尔泰南缘一带的小型富铁矿床研究明显不足。本文研究了库额尔齐斯富铁矿的成矿时代及成矿机制,为区域铁成矿规律和成矿预测提供基础资料。野外地质调查表明,该矿床地质特征具有火山沉积成因,但主要与花岗斑岩侵入的热液活动有关,二长花岗岩对铁矿有破坏作用。利用激光剥蚀-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了矿区两个花岗岩体的年龄,利用同位素质谱计测定了矿床中黄铁矿的硫同位素组成,分析表明花岗斑岩锆石18个测点在谐和线上成群分布,²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄值集中在273~282.6 Ma,加权平均年龄为(278.7±0.94) Ma(MSDW=1.6);二长花岗岩12个测点集中成群分布,²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄值集中在271.8~276.8 Ma,加权平均年龄为(274.1±1.1) Ma(MSDW=0.47)。黄铁矿的δ³⁴S值变化于-7.2‰~0.7‰,多为负值,但大多数集中在0值附近,表明深源岩浆在向上运移过程中可能与围岩或早期沉积铁矿发生了明显的硫同位素交换,暗示铁的富集成矿主要发生在花岗斑岩侵入的热液期。综合区域研究认为,矿区花岗岩均属于阿尔泰南缘广泛发育的早二叠世时期岩浆事件,形成于板内伸展拉张环境。该期岩浆活动也伴随了铁等广泛的金属成矿作用。     

离子液体[Emim]PF6-邻二氮菲超声萃取铁尾矿中的铁

铁尾矿不仅造成资源的浪费,同时也给环境带来严重的污染.针对铁尾矿具有组分复杂且铁含量较低的特点,本文采用离子液体[Emim] PF6-邻二氮菲超声萃取分离体系,对铁尾矿样品中的铁进行萃取.为提高铁尾矿中铁的萃取率,考察了离子液体用量、温度、pH值等萃取条件对萃取率的影响.结果表明,在萃取体系中加入0.8 mL邻二氮菲、1.0 mL离子液,控制温度80℃、pH值为7.3、萃取时间为30 min时,铁矿泥中微量铁的萃取率可达92.74％,而且共存离子K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+不影响水相中铁的测定.对使用后的离子液体进行反萃取研究发现,当反萃取时的pH＞11时,回收的离子液体稳定性降低;而低温加热对使用后的离子液体反萃取影响较小,使用后的离子液体经NaOH处理回收,其红外谱图与使用前基本一致,表明回收的离子液体可重复使用.与传统的液液萃取方法相比,本萃取方法具有离子液体用量少、萃取率高、易回收等特点,可用于铁尾矿中金属铁的回收利用.     

福建马坑矽卡岩型铁(钼)矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿机制研究

福建马坑矿床是一个大型层控矽卡岩型铁(钼)矿床,赋存于早白垩世莒舟-大洋花岗岩外接触带黄龙组灰岩和林地组碎屑岩层间构造破碎带中.对不同成矿阶段的石榴子石、透辉石、角闪石、石英、方解石和萤石中流体包裹体所进行的岩相学和显微测温研究表明,与成矿有关的包裹体类型主要有富气相水溶液包裹体、富液相水溶液包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体和少量富CO2包裹体,其中以富液相水溶液包裹体为主.气相组成均以CO2、H2O、N2、O2为主,其次为CH4、C2H4、C2H6和少量C2H2,液相成分中阳离子以Na+、K+和Mg2+为主,其次为Ca2+和少量Li+,阴离子以SO42-、F-、Cl-为主,还含有少量Br-、NO3-,成矿流体应为H2O-NaCl(NaF)±CaCl2(KCl)体系.矽卡岩、退化蚀变、石英硫化物阶段均一温度分别为460～600℃、260～540℃、160～400℃;盐度w(NaCleq)分别为(6％～24％、32％～44％),(4％～16％、36％～44％)和0～4％.H、O、C、S同位素研究表明,矽卡岩期成矿流体主要是岩浆水,晚期石英硫化物阶段混有不同程度的大气降水,流体中碳和硫来自深部或地幔,但也受到围岩等因素的影响.岩浆热液的相分离及其与大气降水的混合作用可能是马坑铁(钼)矿床形成的主要原因.     

秘鲁MARIELA铁矿床的矿床特征与磁异常的分形解释

MARIELA磁铁矿矿床位于秘鲁南部成矿带上。矿体主要赋存于侏罗纪闪长岩体中,富矿体呈透镜状、脉状产出,而品位较低的矿石为浸染状和细脉状。矿石主要由阳起石(透辉石)-磁铁矿和磷灰石-磁铁矿组成,磁铁矿中V含量较高。该矿床具有玢岩型铁矿的特征,为岩浆期后热液交代充填成矿。运用多重分形理论建立模型,将地面磁异常分为低值异常与中值异常2级,它们分别作为一级找矿靶区和二级找矿靶区,较好地解释了已知矿体与磁异常的吻合关系,为下一步找矿提供了依据。     

河北武安玉泉岭铁矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

本文在系统总结前人关于玉泉岭铁矿床地质特征及矿床特征的基础上,开展了石榴石和方解石流体包裹体均一法测温,并对磁铁矿、黄铁矿和方解石样品进行了气液相成分测试。结果表明,流体包裹体气相的主要成分为H2O和CO2,液相成分以K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、F-、SO2-4为主。流体包裹体均一温度变化于100～560℃,主要集中于140～540℃,盐度变化于1.91%～21.19%,主要集中于4.50%～18.00%。综合以上流体包裹体特征,表明成矿流体可能主要来源于岩浆水,部分来自大气降水。     

Inliers of banded iron‐formation in the Proterozoic Wyloo Group sediments near Paraburdoo,Western Australia

Two inliers with a total outcrop length of 3000 m and a maximum width of 200 m, consisting of a sedimentary klippe (olistolith) and an olistostrome (both composed of banded iron‐formation and shale belonging to the Hamersley Group) occur within the Mininer Turbidite Member of the Wyloo Group, south of Paraburdoo, W.A., 2500 m from the top of the Hamersley Group proper. The olistostrome is a typical debris slide produced by slumping of unconsolidated material. The klippe was rafted into position as a solid block by a turbidity current.

The pattern of mineralisation within the banded iron‐formation part of the klippe, which is identified as being from the Brockman Iron Formation, together with evidence from the basal conglomerate of the Wyloo Group, shows that the formation of the Hamersley iron ore deposits commenced prior to the deposition of the Wyloo Group sediments.     

Genesis of the channel iron deposits (CID) of the Pilbara region,Western Australia

Miocene fluvial goethite/hematite channel iron deposits (CID) are part of the Cenozoic Detritals 2 (CzD2), of the Western Australian Pilbara region. They range from gravelly mudstones through granular rocks to intraformational pebble, cobble and rare boulder conglomerates, as infill in numerous meandering palaeochannels in a mature surface that includes Precambrian granitoids, volcanics, metasediments, BIF and ferruginous Palaeogene valley fill. In the Hamersley Province of the Pilbara, the consolidated fine gravels and subordinate interbedded conglomerates, with their leached equivalents, are a major source of export iron ore. This granular ore typically comprises pedogenically derived pelletoids comprising hematite nuclei and goethite cortices (ooids and lesser pisoids), with abundant coarser goethitised wood/charcoal fragments and goethitic peloids, minor clay, and generally minimal porous goethitic matrix, with late-stage episodic solution and partial infill by secondary goethite, silica and siderite (now oxidised) in places. Clay horizons and non-ore polymictic basal and marginal conglomerates are also present. The accretionary pedogenic pelletoids were mostly derived from stripping of a mature ferruginous but apparently well-vegetated surface, developed in the Early to Middle Miocene on a wide variety of susceptible rock types including BIF, basic intrusives and sediments. This deep ferruginisation effectively destroyed most remnants of the original rock textures producing a unique surface, very different to those that produced the underlying CzD1 (Palaeogene) and the overlying CzD3 (Pliocene – Quaternary). The peloids were derived both intraformationally from fragmentation and reworking of desiccated goethite-rich muds, and from the regolith. Tiny wood/charcoal fragments replaced in soil by goethite, and dehydrated to hematite, formed nuclei for many pelletoids. Additionally, abundant small (≤10 mm) fragments of wood/charcoal, now goethite, were probably replaced in situ within the consolidating CID. This profusion of fossil wood, both as pelletoid nuclei and as discrete fragments, suggests major episodic wild fires in heavily vegetated catchments, a point supported by the abundance of kenomagnetite – maghemite developed from goethite in the pelletoids, but less commonly in the peloids. The matrix to the heterogeneous colluvial and intraformational components is essentially goethite, primarily derived from modified chemically precipitated iron hydroxyoxides, resulting from leaching of iron-rich soils in an organic environment, together with goethitic soil-derived alluvial material. Major variations in the granular ore CID after deposition have resulted from intermittent groundwater flow in the channels causing dissolution and reprecipitation of goethite and silica, particularly in the basal CID zones, with surface weathering of eroded exposures playing a role in masking some of these effects. However, significant variations in rock types in both the general CID and the granular ore CID have also resulted from the effects of varied provenance.     

Nature and origins of granitic regolith in bauxite mine floors in the Darling Range,Western Australia

Chemical and physical weathering of primary minerals during the formation of laterite profiles in the Darling Range has formed distinct secondary mineral and morphological zones in the regolith. Erosion and human activity such as mining have exposed large areas of lateritic regolith, and its classification is important for land management, especially for mine rehabilitation. Preserved rock fabrics within regolith may enable the identification of parent rock type and degree of weathering, thus providing explanations for variations in important physical properties such as the strength and water retention of regolith. Feldspar, quartz, biotite and muscovite in porphyritic and fine-grained monzogranite in lateritic profiles have weathered via a series of gradational changes to form saprolite and pedolith consisting of kaolin, quartz, iron oxides, muscovite and gibbsite. Local reorganisation in the upper regolith or pedoplasmation zone has included illuviation of kaolin, which may be iron oxide-stained and which has disrupted the preserved rock fabric of saprock and saprolite. Quartz grain- or matrix-supported fabrics have developed, with greater pedoplasmation resulting in a quartz-grain-supported fabric. The recognition of these processes enables the use of gibbsite grainsize and distribution in regolith to infer original feldspar grainsize. Muscovite-rich or muscovite-deficient kaolin matrix indicates where plagioclase or alkali feldspar, respectively, was present in the parent rock. In some regolith, cementing by iron oxides has faithfully preserved rock fabric. The recognition of these various regolith types provides a basis for identifying the parent materials of lateritic regolith developed from granitic and doleritic rocks. Rock fabric is sometimes preserved in iron oxide-cemented bauxite mine floor regolith (Zh) due to the pseudomorphic gibbsite grains and iron oxide cement which forms a porous, rigid fabric. Plagioclase-rich granitoid is more likely to have weathered to dense clay-rich regolith (Zp), whereas albite and alkali feldspar have weathered to quartz-rich regolith (Zm) with the random orientation of quartz grains indicating that substantial reorganisation of rock fabric has occurred. It is possible to predict the response of regolith materials exposed in mine floors to management practices including ripping and re-vegetation, thus allowing targeted use of deep-ripping and planting density based on regolith type.     

Coupled asteroid impacts and banded iron-formations,Fortescue and Hamersley Groups,Pilbara, Western Australia

Asteroid impact spherule layers and tsunami deposits underlying banded iron-formations in the Fortescue and Hamersley Groups have been further investigated to test their potential stratigraphic relationships. This work has included new observations related to the ca 2.63 Ga Jeerinah Impact Layer (JIL) and impact spherules associated with the 4th Shale-Macroband of the Dales Gorge Iron Member (DGS4) of the Brockman Iron Formation. A unit of impact spherules (microkrystite) correlated with the ca 2.63 Ga JIL is observed within a >100 m-thick fragmental-intraclast breccia pile in drill cores near Roy Hill. The sequence represents significant thickening of the impact/tsunami unit relative to the JIL type section at Hesta, as well as relative to the 20–30 m-thick ca 2.63 Ga Carawine Dolomite spherule-bearing mega-breccia. The ca 2.48 Ga-old Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation is underlain by an ?0.5 m-thick rip-up clast breccia located at the top of the ca 2.50 Ga Mt McRae Shale, and is interpreted as a tsunami deposit. We suggest that the presence of impact ejecta and tsunami units stratigraphically beneath a number of banded iron-formations, and units of ferruginous shale in the Pilbara and South Africa may result from a genetic relationship. For example, it could be that under Archean atmospheric conditions, mafic volcanism triggered by large asteroid impacts enriched the oceans in soluble FeO. If so, seasonal microbial and/or photolytic oxidation to ferric oxide could have caused precipitation of Fe₂O₃ and silica. In view of the possible occurrence of depositional gaps and paraconformities between impact ejecta units and overlying ferruginous sediments, these relationships require further testing by isotopic age studies.     

鞍山陈台沟铁矿地质地球物理找矿模型

陈台沟铁矿床为新太古代时期形成的鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿床,是近年来在鞍山地区将地质与物探相结合,寻找深部贫铁矿床最为成功的典型范例。文章分析了陈台沟铁矿床的控矿地质条件及磁异常特征,建立了地质-地球物理找矿模型,对深部铁矿赋存部位进行了预测,并实施了钻探验证,以期为类似条件下寻找深部隐伏铁矿提供参考。