大冶铁矿床夕卡岩矿物中熔融包裹体的发现及其地质地球化学意义

以显微照片方式报道了对大冶铁矿床夕卡岩矿物中熔融包裹体、熔－流包裹体和流体包裹体的观察结果和对包裹体相态特征的研究结果。结果表明,在所研究的包裹体中,矿物熔融包裹体最为常见,偶见熔－流包裹体和流体包裹体。熔融包裹体在大冶铁矿床夕卡岩矿物中不仅存在而且广泛分布,在偏光显微镜下很容易找到。熔融包裹体的存在对夕卡岩传统的接触交代成因观点具有挑战性,有助于夕卡岩和夕卡岩矿床成因理论研究水平的提高。     

西天山备战铁矿火山岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素组成研究

备战铁矿是西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带新近发现的大型铁矿之一,矿区广泛发育下石炭统火山岩。本文对矿区火山岩进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征分析、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年以及锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成研究,以探讨矿区大哈拉军山组火山岩产出的构造环境、备战铁矿的成岩成矿时代和火山岩的来源。矿区火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩组成,以中基性岩为主,大多为高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素和稀土元素表明矿区火山岩产出构造环境为活动陆缘火山岛弧;锆石U-Pb测试结果显示矿区南部斜长花岗斑岩的形成时代为晚石炭世早期(301±0.93Ma),成矿时代为早石炭世晚期。结合地质背景认为该铁矿至少有两期成矿期,在成因上为火山沉积后期叠加矽卡岩化的磁铁矿矿床。锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成特征表明备战铁矿的岩石来源于元古代、太古代地壳物质的部分熔融,并且源区物质在地壳中存在较长的时间。     

Iron pools of the typical loess–palaeosol sequence and their environmental significance in northeastern China

The iron content can be used as a proxy for the intensity of weathering and pedogenesis, which reflect long-term climate cycles and short-term climate fluctuations and events. In this study, a typical loess–palaeosol sequence for 19.85 m in thickness deposited since 423 ka BP in northeastern China was investigated, and its iron pools were determined. The results reveal that with increasing depth, the abundances of different forms of iron are consistent with the changes in the magnetic susceptibility. Iron (Fe) in all forms is more abundant in the palaeosol than in the loess. The silicate-bound Fe pool (Fer = Fet − Fed) accounts for 60.4% of the total Fe (Fet), indicating weak pedogenesis. The Fe in the crystalline oxides (Fec = Fed − Feo) is predominantly free Fe (Fed), with a crystallinity [Fey = (Fed − Feo) × 100 / Fed] of as high as 97.2%. The coefficients of variation of the different forms of iron associated with the soil depth are as follows: Fec > Fed > poorly crystalline Fe (Feo) > Fer > Fet. The distribution of the forms of Fe throughout the profile is a clear indicator of the pedogenesis. The Fed, Fec, and Fe freeness (freeness = Fed × 100 / Fet) correlate with the magnetic susceptibility. The neoformation of iron (Fe) oxides was closely related to the degree of pedogenesis. More crystalline Fe oxides were found in the soil layers corresponding to warm interglacial periods. We detected variations in the abundance of the Fe pools for characterizing climate fluctuations that occurred in a short period of time. In this study, we demonstrated that when used in combination with dating techniques, morphological development indices, and magnetic susceptibility, the measurement of soil Fe pools can be extremely useful for tracing the iron evolution in the Earth's critical zone and reconstructing past climatic events in loess–palaeosol sequences.     

成矿谱系研究及对东天山铁矿找矿问题的探讨

论述了成矿谱系研究的概要过程,指出了成矿谱系两方面的内涵,即“矿床成矿(亚)系列随着地质历史时期而发生规律性变化”和“成矿元素在同一地区长期聚集”。区域成矿谱系实际上就是区域成矿作用的演化历史及其分布规律。结合哈密小红山铁矿的发现,本文从铁的成矿谱系的角度出发,认为东天山地区具有寻找铁矿的巨大潜力。通过借鉴华北陆块北缘铁矿的成矿谱系和阿尔泰的成矿谱系,开拓找矿思路,尽早开展东天山地区铁矿资源潜力的评价和新一轮找矿工作,立足于新的成矿时代、新的矿床类型和老矿山的攻深找盲,要取得找矿突破是完全可能的。     

大气气溶胶中的铁及其溶解度研究综述

生物活性铁(Fe)进入生物地球化学循环中能够调节碳循环,影响海洋初级生产力,间接影响全球气候变化.决定Fe生物可利用度的关键因子是可溶Fe含量,其中大气气溶胶的长距离传输是上层海洋获取生物可利用Fe的重要来源.近年来,对气溶胶中的Fe及溶解度的研究取得了重要进展,包括对不同区域Fe质量浓度和溶解度的观测以及对Fe溶解度...     

Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations,Mt Isa Inlier,Australia, as windows into the hydrothermal evolution of a base‐metal‐bearing Proterozoic rift basin

The Proterozoic Soldiers Cap Group, a product of two major magmatic rift phases separated by clastic sediment deposition, hosts mineralised (e.g. Pegmont Broken Hill‐type deposit) and barren iron oxide‐rich units at three main stratigraphic levels. Evaluation of detailed geological and geochemical features was carried out for one lens of an apatite‐garnet‐rich, laterally extensive (1.9 km) example, the Weatherly Creek iron‐formation, and it was placed in the context of reconnaissance studies of other similar units in the area. Chemical similarities with iron‐formations associated with Broken Hill‐type Pb–Zn deposit iron‐formations are demonstrated here. Concordant contact relationships, mineralogy, geochemical patterns and pre‐deformational alteration all indicate that the Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations are mainly hydrothermal chemical sediments. Chondrite normalised REE patterns display positive Eu and negative Ce anomalisms, are consistent with components of both high‐temperature, reduced, hydrothermal fluid (≥250°C) and cool oxidised seawater. Major element data suggest a largely mafic provenance for montmorillonitic clays and other detritus during chemical sedimentation, consistent with westward erosion of Cover Sequence 2 volcanic rocks, rather than local mafic sources. Ni enrichment is most consistent with hydrogenous uptake by Mn‐oxides or carbonates. Temperatures inferred from REE data indicate that although they are not strongly enriched, base metals such as Pb and Zn are likely to have been transported and deposited prior to or following iron‐formation deposition. Most chemical sedimentation pre‐dated emplacement of the major mafic igneous sill complexes present in the upper part of the basin. Heating of deep basinal brines in a regional‐scale aquifer by deep‐seated mafic magma chambers is inferred to have driven development of hydrothermal fluids. Three major episodes of extension exhausted this aquifer, but were succeeded by a final climactic extensional phase, which produced widespread voluminous mafic volcanism. The lateral extent of the iron‐formations requires a depositional setting such as a sea‐floor metalliferous sediment blanket or series of brine pools, with iron‐formation deposition likely confined to much smaller fault‐fed areas surrounded by Fe–Mn–P–anomalous sediments. These relationships indicate that in such settings, major sulfide deposits and their associated chemical sediment marker horizons need not overlie major igneous sequences. Rather, the timing of expulsion of hydrothermal fluid reflects the interplay between deep‐seated heating, extension and magmatism.     

Coupled Reactive Transport Modeling of Redox Processes in a Nitrate-Polluted Sandy Aquifer

The reactive transport modeling of a complicated suite of reactions apparent in the aquifer during the application of N-containing fertilizers is reported. The unconfined sandy aquifer can be subdivided into an oxic zone which contains groundwater with oxygen and nitrate and an anoxic zone characterized by elevated iron and sulfate concentrations in groundwater. Oxygen and nitrate are being reduced by pyrite and organic matter that commonly apparent in the aquifer. The oxidation of pyrite is modeled using the local equilibrium approach, whereas decomposition of organic matter, with the adoption of kinetic approach. The system is buffered by dissolution of aluminum and iron oxides. The modeling process is a two-step procedure. First, the processes are modeled in the one-dimensional (1D) column using PHREEQC code. Subsequently, the calibrated and verified data were copied and used in two-dimensional (2D) PHAST model. Prior to the performance of reactive transport modeling operations with PHAST, a reliable flow model was executed. Finally, predictions are made for the distribution of water chemistry for the year 2008. Model predicts that sulfate derived from the ongoing pyrite oxidation is reduced by the dissolved organic carbon at the higher depth and forms pyrite by the reaction with iron. The results of this study highlight the importance of understanding the interplay between the transport and chemical reactions that occur during the input of nitrate to the aquifer. Reactive transport modeling incorporating the use of a newly developed code PHAST have proved to be a powerful tool for analyzing and quantifying such interactions.     

天津2011年秋冬季PM2.5组分特征及其对能见度的影响

利用2011年能见度、相对湿度、风速逐时观测资料和11月16日至12月13日期间颗粒物膜采样数据,分析天津市大气能见度与PM_2.5组分的关系。结果表明：天津颗粒物质量浓度与能见度变化总体呈负相关,PM_2.5和相对湿度对能见度的影响作用明显。能见度与颗粒物中TC质量浓度变化呈负相关,SO₄^2-,NO₃^-,OC和EC是影响大气能见度的主要组分,其中SO₄^2-浓度对能见度影响最大,其次为OC浓度、EC浓度,NO₃^-浓度对能见度的影响相对较小。后向轨迹和混合层高度分析表明,气象条件是造成PM_2.5质量浓度分布差异的重要原因。     

新疆富蕴县乔夏哈拉铜(铁)金矿床地质与微量元素地球化学

笔者简单介绍了乔夏哈拉铜(铁)金矿床的基本成矿及其微量元素地球化学特征,指出其主矿体具有"垂向分带"及"铜、金向下同步富集"的特点,认为其容矿火山岩与中基性侵入岩脉具有基本相似的微量元素地球化学行为,铜、金矿石同其容矿火山岩相比具有相对贫K、Rb、Th、Ba,相对富W、Ni、Co、As、Sb、Zn及明显偏低的Th/Ta、La/Yb值。研究稀土元素地球化学,发现铜、金矿石具有明显不同于其容矿火山岩的强Eu富集,后期形成的地质体一般具有相对更为偏低的ΣREE值。综合分析表明,该铜(铁)金矿床为一与"层状夕卡岩"有关的火山热液型"层控"矿床。     

Chemical forms of iron in the Connecticut River estuary

The ‘dissolved’ iron (that passed through a 0·4-μm filter) varied nonconservatively with salinity in the Connecticut River estuary. However, the total iron appeared to be conservative. Measurements of Fe(II) and Fe(III) showed that oxidation of Fe(II) was not a factor in the decrease of ‘dissolved’ iron in the low salinity region. A solubility model and analyses based on different pore-size filters indicated that a substantial amount of the ‘dissolved’ iron in the low salinity region was colloidal iron. The coagulation of fine colloidal particles led to the non-conservative behavior of ‘dissolved’ iron during estuarine mixing, but it did not necessarily lead to removal of total iron from the waters. Particulate iron was 80–90% of the total iron and it covaried with the total suspended matter during mixing and sediment resuspension. The residence time of water in the Connecticut River estuary was too short to allow removal of iron from the water column within the estuary.