不同类型沙漠化土地差不嘎蒿种群热值研究

在科尔沁固定、半固定及流动沙地上,测定了沙地植被的主要建群植物——差不嘎蒿种群及其无性系构件的热值,得出如下结论:①差不嘎蒿植物种群干物质热值表现为:Q₁^固定沙地 > Q₁^{半固定沙地} > Q₁^流动沙地,且固定沙地和半固定沙地极显著地高于流动沙地。②差不嘎蒿植物种群所有构件的有机干物质比无显著性差异,干物质热值和去灰分热值的变化趋势基本一致,Q₁^固定沙地 > Q₁^{半固定沙地}≥Q₁^流动沙地,Q₂^固定沙地 > Q₂^{半固定沙地} ≥ Q₂^流动沙地。③差不嘎蒿植物种群各发育时期干物质热值、去灰分热值和有机干物质比表现出不同程度的差异。一般干物质热值表现为:Q₁^营养体 > Q₁^生殖枝 > Q₁^生殖枯枝。④营养体不同龄枝去灰分热值在固定沙地随枝龄的增加而显著地提高,流动沙地则随着枝龄的增加而显著地下降;半固定沙地介于两者之间,表现为中龄枝的去灰分热值显著地高于其它龄枝。⑤差不嘎蒿植物种群同一构件的有机干物质比与去灰分热值的相关性,除四龄枝外,其它各构件基本上表现为正相关,尤其是三龄枝最为典型;分析同一生境中处于不同发育状态的有机干物质比和去灰分热值呈现出负相关性,尤以固定沙地最为典型。     

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柯坪块体周缘主要断裂闭锁程度与滑动亏损速率的分布特征

利用西南天山山前柯坪块体周缘的多期中国大陆构造环境监测网络区域站及新疆维吾尔自治区地震局在该区域加密布设的多个GPS站点数据,基于负位错反演原理,采用Defnode软件反演,得到柯坪、皮羌和迈丹3条主要断裂的闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率分布特征.模拟结果与实测值总体一致,但略有细微差异,GPS点位密集处残差在1mm/a左右,...     

Theory of delayed response in river morphodynamics: Applicability and limitations

The delayed response of fluvial rivers to external disturbances has been described by many researchers.To simulate such behavior,the rate law model(or the delayed response model) was developed by previous researchers,and has been applied to a series of river morphological problems.However,to date,the applicability of the rate law model has not been fully understood.In the current paper,a physicallybased analysis of the rate law model is presented to assess the responses of bed elevation and the ...     

Dependence of the effective rate constants for the hydrogenation of CO on the temperature and composition of the surface

Experiments on the hydrogenation of CO on pure CO and CO-H₂O mixed ice have been performed at temperatures between 8 and 20 K. We obtained temperature and compositional dependence of the effective reaction rate constants. Results indicate that hydrogenation proceeds efficiently on pure solid CO and CO-H₂O mixed ice at temperatures below 10 and 20 K, respectively. Rate constants for pure CO decreased significantly at 12 K compared to those obtained with CO-H₂O mixed ice. Hydrogenation of CO at temperatures greater than 12 K were catalyzed by the H₂O adjacent to the CO. The importance of the experimental results for some relevant astrophysical environments has also been outlined.     

Toroidal magnetic field structure of the solar convective envelope inferred from the initial observations of the sunspots

For different life spans, we measure the line of sight component of the magnetic field structure of the bipolar sunspots from the SOHO/MDI magnetograms during their initial appearance on the surface and toroidal component of the magnetic field structure is separated. Irrespective of their sizes, strength of the measured line of sight component of the magnetic field structure varies from ∼450 G for the life span of 2 days to ∼300 G for the life span of 12 days. Where as strength of the estimated surface toroidal component of the bipolar spots varies from ∼10 G for the life span of 2 days to ∼700 G for the life span of 12 days. We use rederived Parker’s (1955a) flux tube model in spherical coordinates and Hiremath’s (2002) life span anchoring depth information to infer the strength of line of sight and toroidal components of the magnetic field structures at different anchoring depths of the bipolar spots in the convective envelope and the important findings are: (i) both the line of sight and toroidal components of the magnetic field structures at the sites of sunspots’ different anchoring depths in the convective envelope have a similar radial variation and the strength (∼10⁴ G near base of the convective envelope to ∼100 G near the surface) and, (ii) rate of emergence of toroidal magnetic field structure near base of the convective envelope is estimated to be ∼100 times the rate of emergence of toroidal magnetic field structure near the surface.     

河北张北M6.2地震前怀来4井水汞短期异常特征

采用旬变化率新方法分析了河北怀来4井水汞观测资料。结果表明，河北张北M6．2地震前怀来。井出现了明显的水汞短期异常变化。用旬变化率新方法对怀来4井水汞短期异常的特征作了分析。认为，水汞的短期异常显示是有普遍性的，在判定异常时必须采用合适的数学分析方法方能奏效。     

Lava effusion rates from hand-held thermal infrared imagery: an example from the June 2003 effusive activity at Stromboli

A safe, easy and rapid method to calculate lava effusion rates using hand-held thermal image data was developed during June 2003 at Stromboli Volcano (Italy). We used a Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) to obtain images of the active lava flow field on a daily basis between May 31 and June 16, 2003. During this time the flow field geometry and size (where flows typically a few hundred meters long were emplaced on a steep slope) meant that near-vertical images of the whole flow field could be captured in a single image obtained from a helicopter hovering, at an altitude of 750 m and ∼1 km off shore. We used these images to adapt a thermally based effusion rate method, previously applied to low and high spatial resolution satellite data, to allow automated extraction of effusion rates from the hand-held thermal infrared imagery. A comparison between a thermally-derived (0.23–0.87 m³ s⁻¹) and dimensionally-derived effusion rate (0.56 m³ s⁻¹) showed that the thermally-derived range was centered on the expected value. Over the measurement period, the mean effusion rate was 0.38±0.25 m³ s⁻¹, which is similar to that obtained during the 1985–86 effusive eruption and the time-averaged supply rate calculated for normal (non-effusive) Strombolian activity. A short effusive pulse, reaching a peak of ∼1.2 m³ s⁻¹, was recorded on June 3, 2003. One explanation of such a peak would be an increase in driving pressure due to an increase in the height of the magma contained in the central column. We estimate that this pulse would require the magma column to attain a height of ∼190 m above the effusive vent, which is approximately the elevation difference between the vent and the floor of the NE crater. Our approach gives an easy-to-apply method that has the potential to provide effusion rate time series with a high temporal resolution.Editorial responsibility: M. Carroll     

Spherical Tikhonov regularization wavelets in satellite gravity gradiometry with random noise

 A special class of regularization methods for satellite gravity gradiometry based on Tikhonov spherical regularization wavelets is considered, with particular emphasis on the case of data blurred by random noise. A convergence rate is proved for the regularized solution, and a method is discussed for choosing the regularization level a posteriori from the gradiometer data. Received: 23 March 2000 / Accepted: 20 September 2000     

新疆境内部分地质年代数据反映的现代构造运动

由地质样品的年代及其埋深，得到样品所在地的沉降速率。一般情况下，一个剖面上只有一个数据，可得到一个地区的沉降速率。昆仑山的沉降速率最大，阿尔泰山次之，天山最小，但特克斯是个例外。少数剖面上有2—3个数据，由同一剖面上的不同数据，可得到阶段性的沉降速率。阶段速率图(the picture of phase rate—PPR图)清楚地表示了晚更新世至全新世4不同阶段不一样的沉降速率。