层间隔震技术在地铁车辆段大平台上部土地开发上的应用研究

为开发北京地铁八王坟车辆段大平台上部空间,层间隔震技术被采用。通过非线性时程分析和模拟地震动振动台试验,研究了此层间隔震结构体系的抗震性能。研究结果表明采用隔震技术后,结构体系抗震性能得到很大提高,其地震响应满足规范要求。     

A Revisited Purification of Li for ‘Na Breakthrough’ and its Isotopic Determination by MC‐ICP‐MS

The accurate and precise determination of Li isotopic composition by MC‐ICP‐MS suffers from the poor performance of traditional column chromatography. Previously established chromatographic processes cannot completely remove Na in complex geological samples, which is currently interpreted to be a result of Na breakthrough. In this study, Na breakthrough during single‐column purification was found to differ between simply artificial Na‐containing sample solutions, where a little Na residue was found, and silicate rocks, where a large amount of breakthrough occurred. A revised two‐step column purification for Li using 0.5 and 0.3 mol l^?1 HCl as eluents was designed to remove the Na. This modified method achieves high‐efficiency Li purification from Na and consequently avoiding high Na/Li ratio interference for subsequent MC‐ICP‐MS analyses. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of a series of reference materials, including Li₂CO₃ (IRMM‐016, ‐0.10‰), basalt (BCR‐2: 2.68‰; BHVO‐2: 4.39‰), andesite (AGV‐2: 6.46‰; RGM‐2: 2.59‰), granodiorite (GSP‐2: ?0.87‰) and seawater (CASS‐5, 30.88‰). This work reports early Na appearance prior to the elution curves in chromatography and emphasises its influence for subsequent Li isotope measurement. Based on the findings, the established two‐step method would be more secure than single‐column chemistry for Li purification.     

季冻土区临水内、外拱护墙结构冻胀特征分析及治理

为厘清季冻土区临水内、外拱护墙结构冻胀平位移冻害机理,测试隔离层防冻害装置的有效性,在20101110-20110531、20131110-20140531、20171110-20180531三个观测年内,以长春某湖泊临水内、外拱护墙结构为研究对象,选择内、外拱护墙结构和设隔离层防冻害装置的试验内拱护墙结构三者相对比,用钢尺量距法观测三者寒期的平位移状态。结果表明：内拱护墙结构出现倾斜、裂缝导致的内向冻胀平位移冻害,其内向平位移曲线随气温均呈"半驼峰型",对应观测年持续降温-持续低温-持续升温-正温时段,内向冻胀平位移呈减小-增大-减小-稳定残余的位移运动,诱因是平冻胀应力的生成-增长-减弱-消失作用;外拱护墙结构出现较小的外向冻胀平位移,外向冻胀平位移曲线均呈"波浪型",无冻害发生,冰凸拱平冻胀应力推动外拱护墙结构压缩冻土凹拱形成外向冻胀平位移,冻土凹拱限制了外向冻胀平位移发展;设隔离层防冻害装置的试验内拱护墙结构未发生平位移冻害,其内向冻胀平位移较自然冻胀的内拱护墙结构减小83.92%,较外拱护墙结构减小51.74%,表明隔离层防冻害装置防治冻胀平位移冻害有效。     

隔震曲线梁桥不同等级地震的振动特性模拟分析

曲线桥梁抗震特性模拟分析对于曲线桥梁隔震、减震有着重要意义。基于隔震曲线桥梁设计过程中的特点,通过非线性水平弹簧单元对铅芯橡胶支座双向非线性的能力进行模拟,根据SAP2000科学选择强震观测地震波,并考量曲线桥梁本身存在的特性对桥梁振动特性产生的影响,针对隔震曲线桥梁在不同等级地震下振动特征进行模拟分析,其中,通过隔震曲线桥梁铅芯橡胶支座模型的构建和梁桥不同等级地震计算模型、输入地震波与传感器量测等步骤得到的模拟结果为:不同地震波与加速度峰值输入过程中,地震动较小下的支座水平刚度比较大,且结构相对稳定;地震幅值增大时,桥梁支座水平刚度减小,且支座的恢复力位移滞回变化曲线面积比较大,能够更多地将地震输入能量消散掉,减小能量不断向曲线桥梁上方传递的速度,可有效减轻地震反应,起到隔震的效果。     

Effects of the improper modeling of viscous damping on the first-mode and higher-mode dominated responses of base-isolated buildings

In many finite element platforms, a classical global damping matrix based on the elastic stiffness of the system (including isolators) is usually developed as part of the solution to the equations of motion of base-isolated buildings. The conducted analytical and numerical investigations illustrate that this approach can lead to the introduction of unintended damping to the first and higher vibration modes and the spurious suppression of the respective structural responses. A similar shortcoming might be observed even when a nonclassical damping model (ie, an assembly of the superstructure and isolation system damping sub-matrices) is used. For example, the use of Rayleigh damping approach to develop the superstructure damping sub-matrix can lead to the undesired addition of damping to the isolated mode arising from the mass-proportional component of the superstructure damping. On the other hand, the improper use of nonclassical stiffness-proportional damping (eg, determining the proportional damping coefficient, β_k , based on the first mode) can result in assigning significant damping to the higher-modes and the unintended mitigation of the higher-mode responses. Results show that a nonclassical stiffness-proportional model in which β_k is determined based on the second modal period of a base-isolated building can reasonably specify the intended damping to the higher modes without imparting undesirable damping to the first mode. The nonclassical stiffness-proportional damping can be introduced to the numerical model through explicit viscous damper elements attached between adjacent floors. In structural analysis software such as SAP2000®, the desired nonclassical damping can be also modeled through specifying damping solely to the superstructure material.     

复杂地震激励下隔震结构地震响应研究进展

隔震技术作为当前最有效的结构减震控制技术之一,在世界各国高烈度地区广泛建造。随着隔震技术的大范围推广,建造工况更为复杂的隔震工程随之不断涌现。系统深入研究复杂地震激励下隔震结构地震响应,是隔震工程长期安全服役的重要保障,也是隔震技术能够不断完善和推广的坚实基础。本文从复杂地震激励涵盖的多维地震、近场和近断层地震、行波效应以及土与结构相互作用四个主要方面入手,依据国内外相关文献开展综述,探讨了复杂地震激励下隔震结构研究存在的问题,并对此进行展望。     

软土场地基础隔震建筑减震性能研究

本文研究土与结构相互作用(SSI)对多层及中高层基础隔震建筑地震需求及隔震效率的影响规律,隔震层采用LRB铅芯橡胶与LNR普通橡胶隔震支座组合,就我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2010)中软土场地设置隔震层问题做探讨。提出土与基础隔震结构相互作用的简化计算模型,对不同场地及隔震设计目标下的多层及中高层基础隔震结构进行时程分析。研究表明:软土场地基础隔震建筑隔震层的有效隔震效率相对于硬土场地有所下降,必须通过设置具有一定规格的LRB支座来满足隔震目标。本文给出了铅芯橡胶支座极限变形需求随建筑层高及隔震目标变化的规律。     

AP1000核电厂模型基底隔震振动台试验研究

为研究AP1000核电厂基底隔震性能,设计了缩尺比为1/40的AP1000核电厂模型结构,进行了AP1000核电厂模型基底隔震振动台试验。试验中采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座进行隔震,并选取RG1.60人工波、El Centro波和Kobe波作为地震动输入。本文从加速度响应、楼层加速度反应谱、加速度峰值放大系数、减震率等方面对隔震与非隔震核电厂结构的地震响应特性进行了研究。试验结果表明:隔震能明显减小上部结构水平向加速度响应和加速度反应谱峰值,而在隔震频率处隔震模型加速度反应谱有所增加;隔震模型由于摇摆效应在隔震频率处的水平向楼层加速度反应谱随楼层高度的升高先减小后增大;在三向输入地震动作用下,隔震和非隔震AP1000模型各楼层在竖向基频附近的竖向加速度反应谱较竖向输入的地震动放大较为明显。     

不同减隔震措施下平板支座抗震性能试验研究

为探究不同减隔震措施对短边距混凝土网架平板支座的抗震性能和破坏模式的影响,分别针对不同混凝土边缘距离以及采用不同减隔震措施的四个平板支座缩尺试件进行拟静力加载试验,对平板支座破坏模式、滞回曲线、箍筋应变进行分析。试验结果表明:平板支座的运动伴随着平动和转动。当混凝土边距不足时,边缘混凝土在压剪作用下,会发生冲切破坏。开长孔支座能较好的释放水平位移,并且对锚栓约束较弱,使其受力较小,从而减轻了边缘混凝土的受力。对采用橡胶垫板的支座,混凝土边缘未发生破坏,原因是橡胶垫具有良好的变形能力,可以释放支座的位移和转角,使得边缘混凝土受力较小。因此,针对混凝土边缘距离较短的平板支座节点,为防止混凝土发生边缘破坏,可采用开长孔支座,但需要对孔长进行合理的设计。采用橡胶垫支座也可避免混凝土发生边缘破坏,橡胶垫板可按照我国相关设计规范进行设计。     

钢筋沥青隔震层弹塑性设计研究

钢筋沥青隔震层施工简便、造价低廉,且具有较好的隔震性能,解决了广大村镇地区低矮房屋抗震能力普遍不足的缺点。但其工程设计方法尚不完善,如何进行隔震层弹塑性设计才能达到最好的隔震效果,目前尚不明确。本文介绍了钢筋沥青隔震层的构造,推导了隔震层竖向钢筋不发生第一类失稳和第二类失稳的条件,探讨了各设计参数的取值范围,提出了一种弹塑性设计思路:二阶段试算法。为便于该设计方法的应用,本文对一栋两层的砌体结构房屋进行了工程设计,验证该设计方法的适用性和可靠性。研究表明:合理使用该方法进行设计,水平减震系数可在0.5以下。