沉积岩中残留有机质的拉曼光谱特征

对沉积岩中残留的无烟煤、固体沥青和石墨3种有机质的拉曼光谱进行了测定,结果表明三者的拉曼光谱均具有明显的特征,石墨的拉曼光谱峰强而锋利,其2个一级峰之间的距离最小且变化不大,说明其演化程度比较高,有的甚至达到了结晶石墨的程度;无烟煤的拉曼光谱一级峰的强度比较弱,半高宽值也比较大,二级峰不明显;固体沥青的拉曼光谱峰形与无烟煤相似,不过其峰的半高宽比较窄,二级峰也比无烟煤要明显得多.另外,除了变质程度比较高的石墨外,其他2种有机质2个一级峰之间的距离均随着样品深度的增大而变小.     

华北克拉通上地幔变形及其动力学意义

华北克拉通从稳定到破坏的演化过程对有关地球动力学的经典理论提出了挑战,研究其独特的演化历史是固体地球科学研究的一项重要内容。上地幔矿物晶体的各向异性记录了上地幔发生构造变形的信息,研究上地幔地震波各向异性能够揭示现今和构造历史时期所发生的构造运动。本文总结了近年来作者在华北克拉通地区所进行的高密度、覆盖广泛的地震波横波分裂观测研究结果。横波分裂的快轴方向与绝对板块运动方向的不一致,以及横波分裂参数快速的空间变化特征表明了华北克拉通的SKS横波分裂主要反映上地幔的变形。观测结果表明：鄂尔多斯块体保留了克拉通较弱的各向异性特征,其西端体现了元古代克拉通拼合的变形特征; 中新生代华北克拉通破坏事件以不同的机制主导了华北克拉通中部和东部的上地幔变形,在东部地区北西-南东向的拉张应力作用使得快轴方向平行于拉张方向,而在中部则因受到较厚岩石圈的阻挡使得地幔流动改变了方向,因此造成了北东和北北东向的岩石圈拉张。     

基于SNIP算法扣除γ能谱本底的探讨及应用

在自然γ能谱全谱分析中,为了分离无用信息及提高解释精度,须进行γ全谱连续本底的自动扣除。介绍了γ能谱本底的来源及特征,探讨了SNIP算法扣除γ能谱本底的数学原理及过程,重点开展了SNIP方法在γ能谱本底扣除中的初步应用。通过对三个不同能量的全能峰的比较分析,指出应根据γ能谱中谱峰宽度的差异,选择合适的变换宽度,以便获得最佳的全谱本底扣除效果。实验证明,该技术可应用于自然γ能谱测井的软件处理平台中。     

Necessary restructuring or globalization failure? Shifts in regional supplier relations after the merger of the former German Hoechst and French Rhône-Poulenc groups

A large part of the work in economic geography and other social sciences surrounding globalization processes has focused on the prospects of economic growth due to the establishment of global production chains and the rise of new clusters of industrial activity. In recent years, much less attention has been paid to former growth industries and regions that have suffered from the negative consequences of internationalization processes. This paper will explore the cases of two chemical regions, i.e. southern Hessen, Germany and Rhône-Alpes, France. Both regions were forced to undergo drastic restructuring since the mid 1990s due to the merger of the chemical groups Hoechst and Rhône-Poulenc into Aventis. The paper argues that it is beneficial to develop a relational perspective of economic action and interaction in order to better understand these regional transformations and restructuring processes and their consequences. Instead of investigating the development of activities, which became the core operations at Aventis, we will focus on other activities that were considered less important and, consequently, split off. In analyzing the logic of restructuring and the associated changes in regional supplier relations, this paper aims to contribute to a relational understanding of economic globalization and its associated threats to regional development by focusing on agents who are subject to negative restructuring consequences.     

Phase Equilibria of Hornblende‐Bearing Eclogite in the Western Dabie Mountain,Central China

The high-pressure (HP) eclogite in the western Dabie Mountain encloses numerous hornblendes, mostly barroisite. Opinions on the peak metamorphic P-T condition, PT path and mineral paragenesis of it are still in dispute. Generally, HP eclogite involves garnet, omphacite, hornblendes and quartz, with or without glaucophane, zoisite and phengite. The garnet has compositional zoning with XMg increase, XCa and XMn decrease from core to rim, which indicates a progressive metamorphism. The phase equilibria of the HP eclogite modeled by the P-T pseudosection method developed recently showed the following: (1) the growth zonation of garnet records a progressive metamorphic PT path from pre-peak condition of 1.9–2.1 GPa at 508°C–514°C to a peak one of 2.3–2.5 GPa at 528°C–531°C for the HP eclogite; (2) the peak mineral assemblage is garnet+omphacite+glaucophane+quartz±phengite, likely paragenetic with lawsonite; (3) the extensive hornblendes derive mainly from glaucophane, partial omphacite and even a little garnet due to the decompression with some heating during the post-peak stage, mostly representing the conditions of about 1.4–1.6 GPa and 580°C–640°C, and their growth is favored by the dehydration of lawsonite into zoisite or epidote, but most of the garnet, omphacite or phengite in the HP eclogite still preserve their compositions at peak condition, and they are not obviously equilibrious with the hornblendes.     

3G无线网络规划中空间地理信息数据的建设及应用

结合工作实际及3G无线网络规划的业务需求,简要阐述了3G无线网络规划中空间地理信息数据的建设过程、网络规划各阶段中地理信息数据的应用及GIS的发展前景。     

基于地基宽带辐射观测资料的云检测算法改进

利用地表太阳总辐射和散射辐射对Long and Ackerman (2000)的云检测算法进行了改进,提高了云判别的准确率.首先采用比值概率密度峰值法,初步选出晴天时刻.然后根据晴天时刻的地表太阳总辐射和太阳天顶角余弦值,拟合得到该日晴天总辐射近似表达式.在此基础上,计算各时刻实际观测值与用该拟合式估计的总辐射的比值,...     

地震作用下含软弱层岩体边坡锚固界面剪切作用分析

基于FLAC3D软件,以含软弱层的锚固岩体边坡为研究对象,通过修正的cable单元建模和改进剪应力提取方法,分别模拟分析了地震作用下含软弱层岩体边坡两锚固界面剪切作用及其演化。研究发现:砂浆-岩体界面上的剪应力远比锚杆-砂浆界面上的小,并均以锚杆上的中性点为界方向相反,分布很不均匀,且均在中性点附近发生突变;随边坡地震响应增强危岩中的锚固界面率先脱黏,基岩中的锚固界面紧随脱黏,且脱黏分别向锚头和锚根发展,直至拉拔段或锚固段全部脱黏锚固破坏。获得了地震波作用下边坡两锚固界面上剪应力及其分布和脱黏破坏过程,揭示了锚固界面上的剪切相互作用和锚固破坏机制,并得到了试验印证,为边坡锚固设计和施工提供了参考。     

含非贯通裂隙砂岩的动力破坏特性研究

为研究动载作用下非贯通裂隙对岩石破坏特性的影响,采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对含不同裂隙数量及深度非贯通裂隙砂岩进行冲击试验,并基于分形理论和能量耗散原理分析其动力破坏特性。研究结果表明,动态峰值应力随裂隙数量及深度变化情况较复杂;峰值应变随裂隙数量增加而增加,随裂隙深度增加先增大后减小;动态弹性模量随裂隙数量增加先增加后减小,随裂隙深度增加而减小;不同工况试样的破坏模式分为张应变破坏、张应变?剪切复合破坏和压碎破坏3种,且裂隙数量对破坏模式的影响较裂隙深度大;试样破坏后的分形维数、单位体积耗散能和能量吸收率均随裂隙数量及深度的增加而增加,且分形维数与单位体积耗散能和能量吸收率均近似正线性关系。     

三轴作用下的小型围岩试件在开挖卸荷过程中的声发射特征

为了获得巷道围岩开挖卸荷过程中的声发射特征与开挖卸荷状态之间的关系,使用水泥砂浆厚壁圆筒围岩试样,开展开挖卸荷条件下3种不同卸荷速度的声发射试验研究。利用自主研发的小型巷道围岩开挖卸荷模型试验系统,声发射系统及变形监测系统采集试样卸荷过程中的声发射时频信号及变形信息,并对声发射b值进行研究。研究发现：（1）试验过程具有4个特征阶段：加载段―维持段Ⅰ―卸荷段―维持段Ⅱ,这4个阶段与振铃累计曲线有良好对应关系。（2）加载段,高频高幅信号较多,分布范围广,试样内部原始裂隙在三向应力作用下压密明显;维持段Ⅰ,高频高幅信号明显减小,分布范围变窄,试样三向持续压密,变形微小;卸荷段,高、低频信号增多,幅度增加,应变率较高,变形增加速度快,卸荷对试样内侧影响效应更显著;维持段Ⅱ,较慢速卸荷的高幅信号持续增多,内外侧以较低应变率持续产生变形。（3）卸荷速度越大,卸荷段振铃累计曲线出现“陡升”的幅度越高,维持段Ⅱ“陡升”出现越早,幅度越小。（4）卸荷速度增大,b值整体量值减小且越趋于小波幅平稳变化,相对声发射大事件占比提高,破裂尺度更大。