基于Radon变换的SAR图像船迹检测研究

给出了一种检测星载(合成孔径雷达SAR)图像中舰船尾迹的方法,该方法主要特点是将Radon变换局部化,即在对像素灰度值积分过程中沿着线性特征被分割后的若干短线段进行积分,而非对整张图像进行积分。该方法克服了Radon变换方法的局限性,使尾迹信号在背景噪声较强时依旧能被检测出,并且能检测出相对于整幅图像的尺寸较短小的尾迹。     

Detecting significant sediment motion in a laboratory flume using digital video image analysis

A video analysis method for monitoring sediment transport and sorting processes in a laboratory flume is presented. Video taken through the glass side‐wall of a laboratory flume is captured using a digital CCD (charge‐coupled device) camera and significant movements between individual frames are detected using image analysis. This method involves direct subtraction of the brightness numbers of pixels in sequential video frames, followed by thresholding to produce binarized images of significant change, above the inherent level of system noise. Experimental results showing dilation of a gravel framework and rapid infiltration of fines just prior to entrainment are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于复数小波变换的遥感图像融合新算法

提出了一种基于复数小波变换的影像融合新算法，用以融合全色影像和多光谱影像。试验结果表明，谊算法可以取得比传统的实数小波变换融合算法更好的效果。     

安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区水鸟生境适宜性变化

水鸟是湿地生态系统健康的指示生物,人类活动对其影响日益严重.研究自然保护区内的水鸟生境适宜性变化可以为湿地恢复提供帮助.通过层次分析法确定水鸟生境影响因子的权重,建立生境适宜性指数模型,根据TM遥感影像图和相关数据计算出安徽省升金湖国家级自然保护区1986-2011年5个年份的水鸟生境适宜指数,并结合GIS空间分析生成的水鸟生境适宜性分级图,分析升金湖建立保护区后水鸟生境适宜性变化.结果表明:升金湖地区在1986年建保护区后的几年间水鸟生境适宜性相对平稳,但是仍然有较为明显的下降;1990s后期,该地区水鸟生境适宜性开始显著恶化,一直持续到2000年之后才有小幅度的回升.水鸟生境适宜性最好的区域由片状分散逐渐转变成小范围聚集,适宜区域也在由实验区和缓冲区向核心区迁移的过程中显著缩减.本文还讨论了在研究中存在的不足,并提出一些恢复水鸟生境的建议.     

Turbulent structure in uniform inclined open channel flow over different rough porous beds

In this study the effects of the different rough porous beds in an open inclined channel are studied experimentally for impermeable and permeable porous bed.For the simulation of porous bed two different types of permeable bed with the same thickness(s' = 3 cm) and the same porosity ε=0.70 are used:(a) porous filters and(b) gravel bed.Laboratory experiments were used for the calculation of turbulent velocity profiles.Measurements of velocity were taken for inclined channel for three different slopes(S=-0.002,S=-0.004 and S=-0.006) and for five different flow depths(h=5 cm,7 cm,9 cm,11 cm and 13 cm).The total discharge Q varies from 0.78 to 1.31 1/s.The measurements were obtained using a two-dimensional(2D) Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).The total discharge was estimated using a calibrated venture apparatus.Results showed that the presence of rough porous bed in inclined open channels influence significantly the turbulent characteristics of the flow in comparison with impermeable open channels with the same slopes.     

高光谱热红外星上辐亮度图像模拟及初步应用

基于卫星数据的热红外图像模拟可以为热红外大气校正、地表温度和发射率反演和前期验证提供数据支撑,同时也可以为热红外传感器的波段设置和优化提供参考。热红外图像模拟是进行热红外定量遥感研究的有效手段。本研究利用Terra星上搭载的ASTER（Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer）遥感数据所反演得到的地表温度和发射率产品,基于高光谱辐射传输模型,模拟8—14 μm（714—1250 cm^-1）,波谱分辨率为0.25 cm^-1的星上TOA（Top of Atmosphere）高光谱热红外成像模拟数据。在此基础上,结合高光谱热红外图像数据的特点,实现了温度和发射率分离算法,以及对比了不同的基于图像的大气校正算法。结果显示,本文提出的热红外图像模拟方法可行,能够为评价不同的大气校正、温度和发射率分离算法提供有效的数据支撑。     

THE APPLICATION OF IMAGE-BASED MODELING IN PALEOEARTHQUAKE TRENCH STUDY

The geological structure exposed by paleoearthquake trenches is the key material to the right cognition of fault activity and paleoearthquake. However, paleoearthquake trenching inevitably destroys active tectonic geomorphic evidence and trench exposures are usually difficult to reserve. The conventional process of recording the delicate geological information, manually constructing photomosaics by image-editing software, is time-consuming and produces undesirable artificial distortions. Herein, we explored the process of constructing trench orthophotomosaics and the 3D image model using the Image-based Modeling technology and applied it to the Liutiaohe trench across the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault, Gansu Province. Based on the 3D image modeling and orthophotomosaic, we firstly constructed the control points and scale bars on cleaned trench walls and collected photos of all sections of the trench with a digital camera in the field, and then reconstructed the 3D model of the trench through the Agisoft PhotoScan, an efficient image-based modeling software, and finally yielded the 3D image model of the trench and othophotomasaics of the trench exposures. The results show that the automated workflow can produce seamless, sub-millimeter-level high-resolution photomosaics more quickly, with precision in the centimeter range, and the 3D image model is of great help to identify strata and geological structures in trenches with much lower capital and labor costs and low expertise levels compared with LiDAR, meanwhile, the 3D archive benefits the share and communication and even allows future reinterpreting the site using new insights.     

多源遥感影像深度特征融合匹配算法

针对多源遥感影像之间成像机理不同、非线性光谱辐射畸变大以及灰度梯度差异明显等所导致的匹配困难问题,提出深度特征融合匹配算法(Feature Fusion Matching Algorithm, FFM)。(1)通过构建特征图金字塔网络提取影像深度特征,使用特征连接结构将语义丰富的高层特征与定位精确的低层特征互补融合,解决多源影像同名特征难以表征的问题并提高特征向量的定位精度;(2)对原始维度1/8的特征图进行交叉变换来融合自身邻域信息与待匹配影像特征信息,通过计算特征向量间的相似性得分得到初次匹配结果,针对特征稀疏区域,提出滑动窗口自适应得分阈值检测算法来提升匹配效果;(3)将匹配结果映射至亚像素级特征图,在小窗口内计算像素间的匹配概率分布期望值来检校优化匹配结果,提高匹配点对的准确性;(4)使用PROSAC算法对匹配结果进行提纯,有效剔除误匹配的同时最大限度保留正确匹配点。试验选取6对多源遥感影像,将FFM同SuperPoint、SIFT、ContextDesc以及LoFTR算法进行对比,结果表明FFM算法在匹配点正确率、匹配点均方根误差以及分布均匀度等方面远优于其他算法。将FFM匹...     

基于合成孔径雷达回波信号的海洋溢油监测方法研究

海洋油污染是各类海洋污染中最常见、分布面积最广且危害程度最大的污染之一。近年来,海洋特别是近海人类活动频繁,且随着海上运输和石油加工业的发展,油田井喷、钻井平台爆炸、船舶碰撞等所造成的溢油事故增多,因而,监测海洋溢油具有重要的经济和社会现实意义。研究采用MatLAB工具,通过图像预处理(图像校正和增强)、特征提取和神经网络识别等方法,对合成孔径雷达(SAR)海洋溢油图像进行处理,最终期望实现半自动区分SAR图像上各类目标,并进行多种神经网络方法效果比较。研究首先对SAR海洋溢油图像进行初步人工识别;然后进行图像预处理(几何校正、滤波处理等)和基于灰度共生矩阵的特征值计算;最后,借助神经网络方法对溢油区域和疑似溢油区域进行分类,输出分类处理后的图像。通过输出图像分析发现,神经网络能对SAR海洋溢油图像中溢油、海水、土地3类目标进行明确分类,且RBF神经网络模型精度高于BP神经网络。本文提出的半自动分类方法不仅能提高SAR图像处理效率,将分类目标扩充有溢油和非溢油扩充到溢油、海水、土地3类,提高图像处理的全面性,同时通过比较RBF和BP神经网络在SAR溢油图像分类上的具体优劣,有着较好实际意义。     

考虑视觉传达效果的震后区域三维图像虚拟重建

传统二维震害图像方法对震后区域进行研究时,由于其拍摄角度具有局限性,震后区域图像的视觉效果不理想。提出基于三维激光扫描技术的震后区域三维虚拟重建方法,采用三维激光扫描仪测量震后区域,获取该区域的点云数据,采用Cyclone软件合并点云数据后,得到震后区域拼接后的整体点云图,将该图点云数据进行去体外孤点、去噪声点以及点云取样等处理后实施封装,在封装的点云数据上采用Sketch模型实施贴图操作,实现视觉传达效果理想的震后区域三维图形的虚拟重建。实验证明,所提方法对震后区域的三维图像虚拟重建结果精度高、视觉效果好。