An improved geopositioning model of QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery by compensating spatial correlated errors

A lot of studies have been done for correcting the systematic biases of high resolution satellite images (HRSI), which is a fundamental work in the geometric orientation and the geopositioning of HRSI. All the existing bias-corrected models eliminate the biases in the images by expressing the biases as a function of some deterministic parameters (i.e. shift, drift, or affine transformation models), which is indeed effective for most of the commercial high resolution satellite imagery (i.e. IKONOS, GeoEye-1, WorldView-1/2) except for QuickBird. Studies found that QuickBird is the only one that needs more than a simple shift model to absorb the strong residual systematic errors. To further improve the image geopositioning of QuickBird image, in this paper, we introduce space correlated errors (SCEs) and model them as signals in the bias-corrected rational function model (RFM) and estimate the SCEs at the ground control points (GCPs) together with the bias-corrected parameters using least squares collocation. With these estimated SCEs at GCPs, we then predict the SCEs at the unknown points according to their stochastic correlation with SCEs at the GCPs. Finally, we carry out geopositioning for these unknown points after compensating both the biases and the SCEs. The performance of our improved geopositioning model is demonstrated with a stereo pair of QuickBird cross-track images in the Shanghai urban area. The results show that the SCEs exist in HRSI and the presented geopositioning model exhibits a significant improvement, larger than 20% in both latitude and height directions and about 2.8% in longitude direction, in geopositioning accuracy compared to the common used affine transformation model (ATM), which is not taking SCEs into account. The statistical results also show that our improved geopositioning model is superior to the ATM and the second polynomial model (SPM) in both accuracy and reliability for the geopositioning of HRSI.     

Combining QuickBird,LiDAR, and GIS topography indices to identify a single native tree species in a complex landscape using an object-based classification approach

There are now a wide range of techniques that can be combined for image analysis. These include the use of object-based classifications rather than pixel-based classifiers, the use of LiDAR to determine vegetation height and vertical structure, as well terrain variables such as topographic wetness index and slope that can be calculated using GIS. This research investigates the benefits of combining these techniques to identify individual tree species. A QuickBird image and low point density LiDAR data for a coastal region in New Zealand was used to examine the possibility of mapping Pohutukawa trees which are regarded as an iconic tree in New Zealand. The study area included a mix of buildings and vegetation types. After image and LiDAR preparation, single tree objects were identified using a range of techniques including: a threshold of above ground height to eliminate ground based objects; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and elevation difference between the first and last return of LiDAR data to distinguish vegetation from buildings; geometric information to separate clusters of trees from single trees, and treetop identification and region growing techniques to separate tree clusters into single tree crowns. Important feature variables were identified using Random Forest, and the Support Vector Machine provided the classification. The combined techniques using LiDAR and spectral data produced an overall accuracy of 85.4% (Kappa 80.6%). Classification using just the spectral data produced an overall accuracy of 75.8% (Kappa 67.8%). The research findings demonstrate how the combining of LiDAR and spectral data improves classification for Pohutukawa trees.     

中、高分辨率遥感数据在铀成矿有利区评价中的综合应用——以新疆库鲁克塔格断隆为例

塔里木盆地北缘是近几年核工业系统开展铀矿勘查的重点区域之一,但位于其东北缘的库鲁克塔格断隆的铀矿地质工作相对薄弱。根据库鲁克塔格断隆区的铀矿找矿特点,开展了基于中等分辨率ETM和高分辨率QuickBird遥感数据的铀成矿环境、蚀变信息提取、构造解译等综合应用研究,对铀成矿有利区段进行了新的评价,选出了2片铀成矿有利区,为今后进一步的铀矿勘查提供了遥感地质依据。     

基于QuickBird遥感影像的棚户区提取与制图

以QuickBird遥感影像为数据源,从纹理信息的角度,利用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的方法对南京市下关区的棚户区信息进行了提取。首先,利用所选择的4个纹理特征统计量(对比度、能量、同质性和相关性)构建一个特征空间。然后运用非监督分类的方法(ISODATA算法)将研究区分成确定的类别数目。最后,根据实际情况,利用数学形态法对分类结果进行调整和优化,从而获得研究区域的棚户区信息。研究结果表明,基于纹理特征的灰度共生矩阵方法对于棚户区的提取和制图是有效可行的,同时本文的研究结果可以为南京市棚户区的管理及城市规划提供更为科学的依据。     

新疆东部卡拉塔格地区构造影像特征分析

卡拉塔格是新疆东天山地区近年来新发现的铜锌金多金属矿区,找矿潜力较大。本文利用高分辨率的QuickBird卫星遥感数据,通过图像增强处理和影像特征分析,结合卡拉塔格矿区地质勘查成果资料,提取出与成矿作用有关的各级线-环构造。根据线性构造的影像特征分析,划分出三个构造期次:区域性近东西向-北东向、近南北向和北西向。环形影像就其成因类型有火山机构、基底隆起以及褪色蚀变岩体等三种,其中火山机构和蚀变岩体与区内成矿关系密切。最后,通过对区域成矿地质条件、矿化地质特征以及遥感影像解译结果的综合分析,进行了初步的成矿预测,优选出5处找矿远景区。     

高分遥感影像的围填海变化图斑自动提取方法

针对已有的围填海图斑提取方法精度不高、普适性不强、自动提取结果不理想等问题,该文提出了通过构建归一化差异水体指数(NDWI)进行围填海变化图斑自动提取的方法。以高分辨率QuickBird影像和HJ-1卫星影像为数据源,首先,根据研究区的用海类型进行5种易混淆地物的波谱特征分析;然后,根据水体与非水体的光谱特征差异,构建2009、2011年两个时相的NDWI指数;最后,将两时相NDWI指数影像进行空间相减,设置判断阈值,识别围填海变化图斑,并以目视提取结果作为依据验证其自动提取效果。对比分析结果表明:利用该文构建的两期NDWI指数可以将大部分围填海区域准确、自动地探测出来,可以将该方法纳入到沿海地区围填海变化监测的业务中。     

利用QuickBird影像的阴影提取建筑物高度

高度信息作为建筑物的重要属性信息,在军事和民用上都具有很高的利用价值。本文中提出了一种新的建筑物高度信息提取方法——基于分类的建筑物高度信息提取。此方法可以分为三个步骤:第一,利用面向对象分类方法进行建筑物屋顶和阴影的信息提取;第二,屋顶和阴影的优化;第三,建筑物高度信息提取。通过实验证明了这种方法在建筑物高度信息提取中的潜力。     

Using high resolution QuickBird imagery for crop identification and area estimation

Imagery from recently launched high spatial resolution satellite sensors offers new opportunities for crop assessment and monitoring. A 2.8-m multispectral QuickBird image covering an intensively cropped area in south Texas was evaluated for crop identification and area estimation. Three reduced-resolution images with pixel sizes of 11.2 m, 19.6 m, and 30.8 m were also generated from the original image to simulate coarser resolution imagery from other satellite systems. Supervised classification techniques were used to classify the original image and the three aggregated images into five crop classes (grain sorghum, cotton, citrus, sugarcane, and melons) and five non-crop cover types (mixed herbaceous species, mixed brush, water bodies, wet areas, and dry soil/roads). The five non-crop classes in the 10-category classification maps were then merged as one class. The classification maps were filtered to remove the small inclusions of other classes within the dominant class. For accuracy assessment of the classification maps, crop fields were ground verified and field boundaries were digitized from the original image to determine reference field areas for the five crops. Overall accuracy for the unfiltered 2.8-m, 11.2-m, 19.6-m, and 30.8-m classification maps were 71.4, 76.9, 77.1, and 78.0%, respectively, while overall accuracy for the respective filtered classification maps were 83.6, 82.3, 79.8, and 78.5%. Although increase in pixel size improved overall accuracy for the unfiltered classification maps, the filtered 2.8-m classification map provided the best overall accuracy. Percentage area estimates based on the filtered 2.8-m classification map (34.3, 16.4, 2.3, 2.2, 8.0, and 36.8% for grain sorghum, cotton, citrus, sugarcane, melons, and non-crop, respectively) agreed well with estimates from the digitized polygon map (35.0, 17.9, 2.4, 2.1, 8.0, and 34.6% for the respective categories). These results indicate that QuickBird imagery can be a useful data source for identifying crop types and estimating crop areas.     

高精度作物分布图制作

中国自然条件复杂 ,农业种植结构多样 ,地块小而分散 ,利用遥感影像制作作物分布图的精度很难满足农业遥感估产的需求。该文利用目前最高分辨率的商用遥感卫星 (QuickBird)影像 ,采用面向对象的影像分析方法提取耕地种植地块图 ,结合详细的地面调查制作高精度的作物分布图 ,为农业遥感估产服务。     

IHS方法在QuickBird数据融合中存在的问题及其改进

 针对IHS变换在QuickBird数据融合中存在的光谱扭曲问题，提出了利用Visual-Pan波段和线性加权匹配两种方法进行改进 ，并给出了Visual-Pan波段方法中系数α的最佳取值范围，以及线性加权匹配融合图像的空间特征与光谱特征达到最佳效果时Pan 权值(wPan)和I权值(wI)的最佳取值。结果表明，对于Visual-Pan方法而言，当0.2＜α＜0.25时，可以获得非常好的融合效果; 而 对于线形加权匹配方法而言，当wpan=3/4、wI=1/4时，融合图像的空间特征与光谱特征可以达到最佳效果。