青海哈秀地区遥感地质信息提取及找矿预测

为加强在哈秀地区找矿突破工作,以SPOT-5、ETM＋/TM和DEM等多种数据源为研究对象,采用人机交互式与目视解译相结合的方法,对区内线-环构造进行了解译,利用主成分分析法提取了弱矿化蚀变遥感异常,结合已有区域地质资料进行了分析研究,圈定遥感找矿预测区,一方面为野外地质调查提供丰富的遥感信息,另一方面为该区地质找矿突破工作提供了大量有效信息源,缩短了找矿周期.     

青海虎头崖矽卡岩型多金属矿床蚀变矿化分带特征研究

虎头崖铜铅锌多金属矿床位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格成矿亚带内.矿化带产于岩体与围岩接触蚀变带、不同岩性地层接触界面或地层中断裂破碎带内,兼有正接触带和外接触带2种蚀变矿化带.由岩体→接触带→碳酸盐岩地层,金属成矿元素分别为W-Mo→Fe-Sn-Cu→Cu-(Pb-Zn) →Pb-Zn-Ag,蚀变类型由岩体自变质的钾化、硅化、云英岩化过渡为正接触带附近的符山石化、绿帘石化、透辉石化,再到外接触带围岩的石榴子石化、透辉石化,以及晚期的绿泥石化、碳酸盐化.主量元素分析结果显示,地层中的CaO等向岩浆岩内扩散,岩体中的SiO2、Al2O3等则向碳酸盐岩扩散,而且,与花岗岩相比,矽卡岩中FeO、MnO、MgO更为富集,这表明接触渗滤作用与接触交代作用同时存在.成矿元素分析结果显示,W、Mo元素在岩体内含量较高,而Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn主要在矽卡岩带内富集,各成矿元素在未蚀变大理岩中的含量均较低.笔者认为,矿化蚀变的明显分带性是岩体和地层成矿差异性及矽卡岩带内微裂隙系统发育的不均匀性所致.     

青海兴海赛什塘铜矿区条带状构造成因研究

在新的宏微观资料的分析研究基础上,依内部组构与发育特征的不同,将青海省兴海县赛什塘铜矿床的条带状构造分为两类.研究表明它们形成于同构造的区域变质变形与接触(交代)变质间的复合叠加作用,属先成或同生面状构造影响控制下的等化学变质与选择性(交代)蚀变生成的一种变余或新生优选定向组构(∥S1或S0).从构造早期的脆韧性变形到晚期脆性变形过程中,成生发育两个世代的同构造新生矿物组合,分别组成反映其形成阶段和发育特点的两类条带状构造.这为矿床的成因演化研究提供了新的依据.     

青海南部绝玛拉地区水系沉积物异常特征及其找矿效果

根据青海南部绝玛拉地区1:2.5万水系沉积物测量成果,划分出以Cu-Co、Pb-Zn-Ba以及As-Sb为主的3种元素组合类型.通过异常查证,在研究区圈定4处综合异常,在元素地球化学特征及元素组合特征分析的基础上,结合研究区成矿地质背景,确定找矿有利部位.通过槽探工程揭露,圈出矿化带2条,圈定铜矿化体4条,取得了较好的...     

1976-2007年青海省刚察县土地沙漠化驱动力分析

土地沙漠化是青海湖沿岸地区最严重的生态环境问题之一.本文选取青海湖北岸的刚察气象站19582007年的气象数据和刚察县1976-2007年的社会经济资料,对近30年来刚察县土地沙漠化的驱动力进行主成分分析.结果表明,1976-2007年,刚察县沙漠化土地面积的增加是自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果,尤以年平均风速和耕地面积变量的贡献率最大.刚察县沙漠化土地的扩张在不同时间段的影响因素不同.1976 1987年,沙漠化面积的扩张是气温逐渐回暖、降水回升的过程中人为因素影响的结果;1987 1995年,沙漠化土地增加了17.28 km2,沙漠化土地的扩张是自然因素和人为因素叠加的结果,以自然因素为主导,人为因素起加剧的效果;1995 2007年,在暖湿、风速降低的气候环境下,沙漠化土地的扩张是人为因素作用的的结果.沙漠化扩张过程是高寒脆弱不稳定的生态系统在气候干湿波动、人类活动与沙漠化土地之间复杂的相互反馈作用下形成的.     

通过现代观测来检验湖面蒸发对中国干旱、半干旱区湖泊水位变化的影响(英文)

Qinghai Lake and Zhuye Lake, ~400 km apart, are located in the northwest margin of the Asian summer monsoon. Water of these two lakes mostly comes from the middle and eastern parts of the Qilian Mountains. Previous studies show that the Holocene climate changes of the two lakes implied from lake records are different. Whether lake evaporation plays a role in asynchronous Holocene climate changes is important to understand the lake records. In this paper, we used modern observations beside Qinghai Lake and Zhuye Lake to test the impact factors for lake evaporation. Pan evaporation near the two lakes is mainly related to relative humidity, temperature, vapor pressure and sunshine duration. But tem-perature has different impacts to lake evaporation of the two lakes, which can affect Holocene millennial-scale lake level changes. In addition, differences in relative humidity on the millen-nial-scale would be more significant, which also can contribute to asynchronous lake records.     

青海东部流体异常在中强震前的特征分析

利用海东地区的流体观测资料分析了在强震前的异常特征,同时探讨了数字化观测资料的典型震例。通过分析研究表明,青海东部地区的流体在地震前趋势性异常不显著,短期异常特征较为明显,数字化流体观测资料在震前存在明显的短期异常过程,其中乐都气氡、平安表层水温、乐都表层水温短期异常明显,民和、循化水氡存在破年变或高值波动的中短期异常。     

青海东部土壤及生物体中硒的地球化学特征

以青海东部富硒土壤为对象,研究了该区土壤及生物体中硒元素的含量、分布及迁移转化等地球化学特征。结果表明,该区土壤硒含量受古近系西宁群控制,土壤处于富硒水平,土壤呈碱性,且Se6+占总硒比例较高,土壤有效硒高,利于植物、动物及人体吸收。发现大蒜、小麦、油菜、牧草等作物对硒吸收能力较强,处于富硒土壤区的人群头发和家畜毛羽硒含量均较高。这一研究结果对该地区富硒土壤合理开发利用,具有重要的指导意义。     

Petrology,geochemistry, and geochronology of mafic rocks from the Taoxinghu Devonian ophiolite,LongmuCo–Shuanghu–Lancang suture zone,northern Tibet: evidence for an intra-oceanic arc–basin system

Abstract

A newly discovered Devonian ophiolite located in the Taoxinghu area of central Qiangtang on the Qinhai–Tibet Plateau is described. The ophiolite consists of gabbro and diabasic dikes, and invasive cumulate gabbros-leucogabbros. The ophiolite has undergone greenschist facies metamorphism and minor deformation. Dating of the metagabbro by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb techniques yielded a weighted mean age of 367.2 ± 3.3 Ma (Late Devonian). Whole-rock geochemical analyses show that the rocks belong to the tholeiite series, with weak depletion in light rare-earth elements (LREEs), almost no Eu anomalies, weak enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depletion in Nb and Ta, and weak negative Hf and Ti anomalies. These characteristics are similar to those of back-arc basin basalts. Together, these characteristics suggest that the rocks of the Devonian ophiolite formed by ~30% partial melting of spinel lherzolite, which was enriched by interaction with aqueous fluids during the late-generation phases; there is no evidence of subduction-related melting. The Devonian ophiolite rocks in the Taoxinghu area were first discovered in the LongmuCo–Shuanghu–Lancang suture zone. Detailed geochemical analyses show that the rocks formed in a back-arc ocean basin environment, indicating that the LongmuCo–Shuanghu–Lancang suture zone in central Qiangtang represents a Late Devonian intra-oceanic subduction zone in the Palaeo–Tethys Ocean. The discovery of the central Qiangtang Devonian ophiolite provides essential data for understanding the evolutionary history of the Palaeo–Tethys Ocean, and for identifying and understanding the roles of the different tectonic units on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.