湖泊沉积物14C年龄硬水效应校正初探——以青海湖为例

在深入探讨湖泊硬水效应成因和变化规律的基础上,借鉴海洋碳库效应校正方法,首次利用湖水和大气14C放射性比度之间关系的方法对青海湖沉积物14C年龄进行硬水效应校正,并重建了青海湖硬水效应在过去8 ka中的变化过程.笔者认为,青海湖表层沉积物有机质14C年龄不老于1549 aBP,青海湖硬水效应在7000-1000 aBP期间是逐渐增强的.     

A Study on the Seismic Velocity Changes before and after the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan Earthquake Using the Active Source Data in the Qilian Mountain

The Qilian Mountain active source network data was processed using the methods of stacking, cross-correlation and interpolation, and the airgun travel time variation characteristics of P and S waves around the January 21, 2016 M_S6.4 Menyua, Qinghai earthquake. The results show that about 6 months before the earthquake, the relative travel time of three stations near the epicenter showed a declined change (travel time decrease), and such a change of low value anomaly was recovered about 3 months before the earthquake. The travel time decrease then appeared again, and the earthquake occurred during the recovery process. The maximum decrease of the S-wave travel time was 18ms, and the change in travel time returned to normal after the earthquake. The variation trend of the 3 stations is consistent, including the S-wave travel time change of station ZDY38, which is nearest to the epicenter and changed obviously, and the variation range of the travel time is smaller at the stations afar. This variation pattern is related to the position of the seismic source. The shorter travel time means the velocity increase, which may be related to the regional stress accumulation.     

青海湖嗜盐微生物筛选分离与生长特性

为全面获得青海湖嗜盐菌种质资源,构建种群系统发育树和确定种群进化定位.采用高盐选择性培养基筛选,分离从20份青海湖水样中获得35株青海湖嗜盐微生物.耐盐梯度实验表明:水体中以中度嗜盐菌为主,约占62.85%,轻度嗜盐菌约占22.85%,非嗜盐菌与耐盐菌约占14.28%.青海湖中度嗜盐微生物能在10～45℃,pH 5.5～11.0的范围内生长,与地区盐碱化环境相关,具有嗜盐兼嗜碱微生物的特性.     

Zircon U–Pb age and geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic implication of the Tuotuohe Cenozoic alkaline magmatism in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

A large number of Eocene-Oligocene alkaline/alkali-rich igneous rocks were developed in the Tuotuohe region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,we present zircon U-Pb ages,Hf isotope data,and major and trace element compositions of the Cenozoic alkaline rocks from the Tuotuohe region in order to constraint the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution history of Qiangtang Block.Zircon U-Pb ages were measured via LA-ICP-MS to be39.6,37.6 and 32.0 Ma.The 39.6 Ma trachyte was characterized by low SiO2 and high K2O and MgO contents.The 37.6 and 32.0 Ma orthophyres show enrichment in SiO2 and K2O,but deficient in MgO.All of the samples belong to the alkaline rocks.These rocks display enrichment in REE,LREE,and LILE,depletion in HFSE,and no obvious Eu anomalies.Geological and geochemical features suggest that there were two possible mechanisms for the origin of the alkaline rocks in the Tuotuohe region:(1)the removed mafic lower crust dropped into the asthenosphere,forming the mix magma(Nariniya trachyte);(2)the upwelling asthenosphere triggered the crustal melting(Nariniya and Zamaqu orthophyre).The Eocene-Oligocene alkaline rocks in the study and adjacent areas are likely to be the result of the same tectonic-magmatic event of deep lithospheric evolution that is the crustal material melting triggered by lithospheric delamination.This conclusion extends the influence scope of lithospheric delamination eastward to the Tuotuohe region(*92°E)from Banda Co(*82°E).     

青海湖及柴达木盆地地区现代湖泊沉积物中长链烯酮的分布特征

研究了我国青海湖和柴达木盆地地区不同类型湖泊表层沉积物中的长链烯酮。结果表明该地区湖泊中可能广泛存在长链烯酮,多数淡水湖、咸水湖现代沉积物中C37／C38〉1,而盐湖中C37／38〈1。根据文献中报道的湖泊环境下长链烯酮不饱和度U^K＋37与温度的方程,估计的温度在青海湖地区处于实际温度范围内,而在柴达木盆地低于实际温度,结果亦显示在青海湖和柴达木盆地地区,长链烯酮的含量在咸水湖中要明显的高于淡水湖和盐湖,最高含量出现在咸水湖（盐度为103.2g／L）尕海中,高达86.09μg／g;这种含量和分布特征可能表明生产长链烯酮的藻类应该更喜欢生长于具有一定盐度的环境;长链烯酮含量的变化可能指示咸水或淡水环境。     

中国蓝藻的新记录属——双囊藻属(Geminocystis)及分类和生态学讨论

现代分子生物学技术为蓝藻的生物多样性研究提供了更多信息和证据.单细胞蓝藻——双囊藻属（Geminocystis）是2009年从集胞藻（Synechocystis）分离出来的新属.2017年5月从青海湖的封闭子湖——月牙湖采集分离到一株单细胞蓝藻藻株,16S rRNA基因序列显示此藻株和双囊藻的藻种显示出最高的相似性,都在97%以上,并且在分子系统树聚为一束.此株的细胞结构以及超微结构显示,细胞纵轴具有窝式结构以及类囊体不规则的排列等双囊藻属所具有的特征.双囊藻是我国蓝藻的新报道纪录属,本研究还对双囊藻的分类和生态进行了讨论.     

西藏纳木错流域现代环境变化特征及影响

该文利用已有资料,综述了纳木错流域冰川湖泊对气候变暖的敏感响应。太阳辐射是气候变化的主要能量来源,西风和印度季风的不均匀分布对高原冰川和湖泊的影响具有区域差异性。在气候变暖背景下,1970年以来,纳木错流域的冰川呈退缩趋势,湖泊面积呈扩大趋势,湖泊结冰时间延迟,融化时间提前,平均降水量变化趋势不明显。以上指标的变化都不具有周期性,很难识别太阳黑子的活动周期。冰川融化是湖泊面积扩大的主要因素,冻土融化产生的水量也是湖泊面积扩大不可忽视的原因。     

青海南部曲麻莱-治多地区三叠纪遗迹化石的地层学意义

青海南部曲麻莱—治多地区广泛出露厚度巨大、岩性单一、实体化石稀少的三叠系巴颜喀拉山群,其地层划分与对比因缺乏明显标志而相对困难。最近,在该地区的研究中采获大量遗迹化石,建立了8个遗迹化石组合。古遗迹学的研究表明,遗迹化石丰度、分异度及遗迹化石组合在研究区内的地层序列中存在明显差异。提出将古遗迹学特征作为一定区域内岩石地层划分对比的标志之一,为解决巴颜喀拉山群中富含遗迹化石的上部板岩组和顶部砂岩夹板岩组的划分对比提出新思路。     

青海南部三叠纪结扎群火山岩地球化学特征及其构造环境分析

对青海南部治多-杂多一带晚三叠世结扎群火山岩进行了主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素及Sr、Nd同位素分析.结果表明:该火山岩是一套主要由玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩组成的偏碱性岩石,岩石化学上表现为低Ti,高Al;稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集,轻重稀土呈现较强的分馏并具有轻微的负铕异常;在微量元素地球化学方面,表现为富集大离子亲石元素,高场强元素Nb、Zr、P、Ti相对亏损,略具Ta、Nb槽;在Hf/3-Th-Nb/16及10TiO2-Al2O3-10K2O图解中,样品均落入岛弧火山岩区.火山岩的ISr、εNd(t)变化在0.70728～0.70818、-2.4～-4.2之间,表明形成晚三叠世火山岩的原始岩浆是壳幔混合型.综合上述火山岩的各种地球化学特征,表明该套火山岩形成于岛弧环境,由于晚三叠世班公湖-怒江洋发生海底扩张,甘孜-理塘洋向南西俯冲消减,产生强烈的碰撞造山,地幔物质在上涌过程中,受到陆壳的混染,结扎群火山岩为挤压造山机制下的陆缘火山弧岩石.     

青海东部地震波参数的分析

以青海东部5个台站（湟源、西宁、乐都、大武、门源）十几年的地震观测资料为基础,分析震前地震波波速比、振幅比、S波衰减率、尾波持续时间的异常,并提取了异常指标为地震预报提供客观依据。