Remote sensing composite information of Nansha reef''s closed atoll and model of its spatial structur evolution——Ⅱ

Based on the Nansha Islands' closed atoll conception-remote sensing system in Part Ⅰ,through the solution of the information function value and isostatic value of closed and quasi-closed atoll, and by using topological analysis on growth form and the composite remote sensing quantization date as the calculating coefficients, the feature vector system and its mathematical model of two kinds of atoll are built, and the multivariate analysis is made with some examples.     

The Canary Islands swell: a coherence analysis of bathymetry and gravity

The Canary Archipelago is an intraplate volcanic chain, located near the West African continental margin, emplaced on old oceanic lithosphere of Jurassic age, with an extended volcanic activity since Middle Miocene. The adjacent seafloor does not show the broad oceanic swell usually observed in hotspot-generated oceanic islands. However, the observation of a noticeable depth anomaly in the basement west of the Canaries might indicate that the swell is masked by a thick sedimentary cover and the influence of the Canarian volcanism. We use a spectral approach, based on coherence analysis, to determine the swell and its compensation mechanism. The coherence between gravity and topography indicates that the swell is caused by a subsurface load correlated with the surface volcanic load. The residual gravity/geoid anomaly indicates that the subsurface load extends 600 km SSW and 800 km N and NNE of the islands. We used computed depth anomalies from available deep seismic profiles to constrain the extent and amplitude of the basement uplift caused by a relatively low-density anomaly within the lithospheric mantle, and coherence analysis to constrain the elastic thickness of the lithosphere ( T_e ) and the compensation depth of the swell. Depth anomalies and coherence are well simulated with T_e =28–36 km, compensation depth of 40–65 km, and a negative density contrast within the lithosphere of ∼33 kg m⁻³. The density contrast corresponds to a temperature increment of ∼325°C, which we interpret to be partially maintained by a low-viscosity convective layer in the lowermost lithosphere, and which probably involves the shallower parts of the asthenosphere. This interpretation does not require a significant rejuvenation of the mechanical properties of the lithosphere.     

美国国家公园志愿者服务及机制——以海峡群岛国家公园为例

具有百余年历史的美国国家公园志愿者服务已成为美国国家公园管理的重要部分,志愿者服务有效实现了美国国家公园的全民管理思路。通过实地考察和访谈记录梳理,就国家公园志愿者服务的相关概念、服务动机、服务决策、服务内容、服务支持和服务机制深入剖析,从庞大有序的服务系统、管理与运行、功能实现三方面分析国家公园志愿者服务机制;提炼出美国国家公园志愿者服务的四个支持：宣传支持、技术支持、学习支持和立法支持。并以美国海峡群岛国家公园为例进行论证。最后提出国家公园志愿者服务和中国国家公园志愿服务尚需研究的诸多内容,任重而道远。     

内潮动力机制的数值研究

结合南沙群岛海域出现的内潮现象 ,利用一个两层数值模式 ,通过数值试验来探讨潮汐性质、水体的层结程度、跃层所在的深度、风应力等因子对陆架坡折处内潮特性的影响 ,结果表明 :内潮的波动周期只与海区的潮汐性质有关 ;风应力、非线性效应以及正压潮源地的深度等都可改变内潮的波动振幅 ;内潮的波动振幅随海区的水体层结程度及温跃层所在的深度不同而改变     

西沙群岛砗磲壳体碳、锶同位素研究及其对比

本文系统地测定了西沙群岛中双壳类鳞砗碟壳体碳、锶同位素，结果发现鳞砗碟壳体的碳、锶同位素的生长变化曲线表现出明显的周期性，碳同位素受到鳞砗碟新陈代谢作用的影响，幼年时期壳体的δ^13C变化，幅度小于发育期，这主要是由于鳞砗磲体内在幼年期能量的消耗大于发育期。通过与其壳体上的生长纹的对比，碳同位素的周期就是生物年生长周期。锶同位素的周期性主要是由于附近大陆年周期性降雨量的变化所引起的，它不受生物生长作用的影响。     

基于形态学和宏条形码技术的南海西沙群岛浮游动物多样性的比较分析

西沙群岛是我国南海陆地面积最大的群岛,海域广阔,拥有重要的战略地位与丰富的海洋资源。为了解该海域浮游动物组成与分布特征,本研究于2019年5月在西沙群岛14个岛礁站位开展多学科综合调查,并采用形态学方法和基于18S V9测序的宏条形码技术对浮游动物样本组成进行鉴定。结果显示,此次西沙调查站位浮游动物样本的主要种类包括桡足类、软甲纲和箭虫纲,这3个类别的物种在两种鉴定方法中均具有较高的相对丰度。14个站位浮游动物平均密度为707.53±378.34 ind/m³,各站位浮游动物丰度、物种组成及优势种存在差异。形态学方法共鉴定出11门17纲18目共86个物种,18S V9分子方法鉴定出22门46纲85目共233个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs),分子鉴定的物种覆盖度更高,且代表性类群相对丰度和多样性指数在大部分站位与形态学鉴定结果呈现出显著相关性,表明宏条形码技术鉴定方法与形态学鉴定方法在评价海洋浮游动物多样性方面具有较好的可比性,在我国海洋浮游动物群落监测中具有较高的应用潜力。但由于目前浮游动物的分子鉴定方法仍处于初...     

南沙海域海底浅层第四系地震地层结构与地质意义

科技进步使得地震采集数据量及其精度实现质的飞跃,南沙海域的地震调查,采用国际先进水平的等离子震源,获得地震剖面精度优于3 m局部甚至可在1 m之内,为科学研究、工程、浅层资源、地质灾害预警等研究奠定基础.在南沙第四系识别出了七个地震反射界面,确定500 ms至海底沉积区间内地震层序与三期海平面升降并与冰期、间冰期对应,典型地震剖面展示第四纪至少有三套完整的具有三角洲顶积层、前积层、底积层的地震相证据,与全球的第四纪海平面的变化一致.精细的浅层地震结构表明：南沙的地质现象丰富,浅层断层非常发育,下切河谷、泥石流、滑坡等地质遗迹的形成的地震相清晰,是地质活动频繁的地区.

     

南设得兰群岛西海域S_(11)岩芯沉积物中碎屑矿物及沉积作用的探讨

本文对南设得兰群岛西海域S_(11)钻孔岩芯中的重、轻矿物作了描述,按矿物在垂直方向上的变化和优势矿物种确定矿物组合类型,并将晚更新世到全新世的341cm沉积地层划分为四层:1.上火山碎屑矿物沉积层,2.中火山碎屑矿物沉积层,3.火成碎屑矿物沉积层(深海砂层),4.下火山碎屑矿物沉积层。本文还讨论了物质来源和深海砂层的可能成因。     

Strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions of detrital sediment of NS90-103 from South China Sea: Variations and their paleoclimate implication

Strontium, neodymium isotopic compositions and trace elements of the detrital sediments of Core NS90-103 from South China Sea were analyzed. The results show that the⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the detritus during the last glacial range from 0.722 4 to 0.723 0. They are significantly higher than those during the Holocene and the maximum of the last interglacial, which range from 0.721 0 to 0.721 7. This indicates stronger continental weathering during the last glacial. On the other hand, the¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of these detritus are higher during the last glacial too, similar to the variation of the⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. The trace element geochemistry of these detritus indicates that more authigenic sediments, such as ferromanganese, during the last glacial may partly contribute to the increase of¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios. Furthermore, much more detritus from continent of South China to the north of the South China Sea may probably contribute to¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios increase during the last glacial, which was the result of the enhancement of northeast monsoon.     

南沙北部伸展构造的基本特征及其动力学意义

南沙地块辫啊以中南－美洲断裂为分界,其东、西两侧伸展构造的几何学与运动学表明,晚白垩世至早渐新世,其伸展作用以纯剪切为主;中渐新世至早中新世,伸展带东段转换为简单剪切,西段剪切渐停。伸展作用的主要动力来源于陆缘俯冲板片的拆沉、软流圈地幔热物质乘隙上拱和部分熔融作用及周边板块的相互作用。