寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属新材料

文章描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群小细丝海绵属一新种--螺旋小细丝海绵（Leptomitella spiralis sp. nov.）。新种 具有横向骨针束围绕海绵体呈螺旋状排列的典型特征,明显区别于属内其他种;此外,在外部形态和骨针类型上与属内其他种 也存在较大差异。新种的发现增加了Leptomitella种间形态结构的多样性,也为海绵动物的早期演化及寒武纪海绵动物辐射演 化研究提供新的化石资料。     

不同氮源下南极冰藻Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L的生物量、氮吸收与脂肪酸组成研究

微藻培养过程中氮缺失有利于油脂和生物量的积累,然而不同氮源条件下微藻生长与生物量的研究有限,限制了生物油脂的相关研究。本文研究通过研究南极冰藻Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L在不同氮源条件下的细胞生长与油脂积累,进一步探究其作为富集油脂微藻的潜力。研究发现：在含有NH₄CL的培养基中,Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L生长速率最大;在含有NH₄NO₃的条件下,获得了最大干重量0.28 g/L。最高油脂含量0.21 g/g是在缺氮条件下获得,同时得到干重0.24 g/L。在多不饱和脂肪酸的产出方面,NH₄NO₃和NH₄Cl为氮源培养基时要好于缺氮和KNO₃培养基,在NH₄NO₃和NH₄Cl为氮源的培养条件下ICE-L胞内C18：3和C20：5的含量高。比较而言,缺氮和KNO₃培养基时C16：0、C18：1和C18：2的含量要高。     

中国科学史上一次伟大的考察——纪念“中瑞西北科学考察”90 周年

20 世纪二、三十年代, 中国与瑞典合作开展了一次大规模、综合性的西北科学考察, 考察时间长达 6 年, 范围覆盖内蒙古、甘肃、新疆、宁夏、青海等地, 内容涉及地质、 古生物、考古、气象、地理、水文、历史、文化和民俗等多个学科, 考察的地域之广阔、时 间之漫长、学科之广泛、成果之丰硕都是空前的。 在极度艰难困苦的条件下, 考察取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就, 积累了浩如烟海的第一手基础资料, 极大地促进和推动了我国科学技术的现代化进程, 增进了中瑞之间的友谊, 加强了中外的学术合作与交流, 为我国锻炼和培养 了一批早期的科学人才。 此次考察在我国科学发展史以及对外学术合作交流史上都具有重大的历史和现实意义。     

Effect of high salinity on cell growth and protein production of Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L

Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L can survive and thrive in Antarctic sea ice. In this study, Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L could survive at the salinity of 132‰ NaCl. SDS-PAGE showed that the density of 2 bands (26 and 36 kD) decreased obviously at the salinity of 99‰ NaCl compared to at the salinity of 33‰ NaCl. The soluble proteins in Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L grown under salinity of 33‰ and 99% NaCl were compared by 2-D gel electrophoresis. After shocking with high salinity, 8 protein spots were found to disappear, and the density of 28 protein spots decreased. In addition, 19 protein spots were enhanced or induced, including one new peptide (51 kD). The changes of proteins might be correlated with the resistance for Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L to high salinity.     

UV-B短期照射对北极冰川小球藻Chlorella sp.的生物学效应

以一种分离自北极冰川融水的淡水微藻（Chlorella sp.）为实验材料,设置两个不同强度UV-B（45μw/cm2、76μw/cm2）照射处理、每4小时取样检测,对其生化组分进行分析,了解微藻对UV-B辐射的响应。研究结果显示小球藻经辐射处理后,其生化成分发生变化：（1）在较低强度的UV-B（45μw/cm2）辐射下,叶绿素a（Chla）和类胡萝卜素（Car）含量先升后降,且在4h时有最大值;高强度UV-B（76μw/cm2）辐射下,Chla和Car含量随辐射时间延长基本呈下降趋势。（2）超氧阴离子（O2?ˉ）和丙二醛（MDA）含量基本随辐照时间的延长和辐照强度的增大提高,过氧化氢（H2O2）含量变化虽随辐照时间的延长呈上升趋势,但直到12h是才表现为明显的提高。（3）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在低UV-B处理下,随辐照时间的延长呈升高趋势;在高UV-B辐射下,SOD活性先升后降,CAT活性上下波动。(4)UV-B辐射使小球藻脂肪酸组成发生了变化。这些结果表明：UV-B,尤其是高强度或较高剂量的UV-B会对北极冰川微藻带来不利的影响。     

Antioxidant and biotransformation responses in Liza aurata under environmental mercury exposure - relationship with mercury accumulation and implications for public health

This study was carried out in the Laranjo basin (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal), an area impacted by mercury discharges. Liza aurata oxidative stress and biotransformation responses were assessed in the liver and related to total mercury (Hg_t) concentrations. A seasonal fish survey revealed a sporadic increase in total glutathione (GSH_t) and elevated muscle Hg_t levels, although Hg levels did not exceed the EU regulatory limit. As a complement study, fish were caged for three days both close to the bottom and on the water surface at three locations, and displayed higher Hg_t levels accompanied by increased GSH_t content and catalase activity as well as EROD activity inhibition. The bottom group displayed higher hepatic Hg_t and GSH_t contents compared with the surface group. Globally, both wild and caged fish revealed that the liver accumulates higher Hg_t concentrations than muscle and, thus, better reflects environmental contamination levels. The absence of peroxidative damage in the liver can be attributed to effective detoxification and antioxidant defense.     

Adsorption of tributyltin by tributyltin resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. cells

The isolate, Pesudoalteromonas sp. TBT1, could grow to overcome the toxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) up to 30 μM in the absence of Cl⁻ in the medium until the cells reached an exponential phase of growth. The viability, however, was reduced after the cells reached a stationary phase. The degradation products, such as dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were not detected in the growth medium, indicating that the isolate has no ability to degrade TBT into less toxic DBT and MBT. Up to about 10^7.5 TBT molecules were adsorbed by a single cell. The observation of morphological changes with an electron microscope showed that the cell surface became wrinkled after exposure to the lethal concentration of 10 mM TBTCl. These results indicate that the resistance of the isolate toward the toxicity of TBTCl is not related to the unique cell surface, which seems to play an important role in preventing the diffusion of TBTCl into the cytoplasm.     

温度对褐牙鲆资源补充特征的生态效应

根据１９８０－１９９５年让湾和渤海不记学调查资料,采用自然生态学与实验生态学相结合的方法,综合分析温度对褐牙鲆补充阶段生活史特征及其资源补充过程的影响。结果表明,随地理纬度的增加,褐牙鲆产卵期滞后,生殖季节缩短,在水温从９．６２℃增至１９．８９℃的过程中褐芽鲆的性腺 育指数（ＧＳＩ）出现单一峰值,７月至翌年３月间此值均小于１．０;在实验水温范围（７－２７℃）内,受精卵孵化时数（ｔ）随水温（Ｔ）变化     

牙鲆幼鱼对n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸的吸收及与生长关系的初步研究

于1996年9-10月在中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所小麦岛实验基地,采用人工投喂的方法,给牙鲆幼鱼投喂含不同含量n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸（n-3HUFA）的人工饵料,研究牙鲆幼鱼对饵料中n-3HUFA的消化、吸收以及n-3HUFA的含量与日增重率、饵料效率的关系。结果表明,在饵料中添加0.60％—2.40％的n-3HUFA可有效提高牙鲆幼鱼的日增重率和饵料效率;肝脏中n-3HUFA的含量与饵料中n-3HUFA（尤其是DHA）的含量成正比;牙鲆幼鱼对饵料中n-3HUFA的表观消化吸收率随其含量的增加呈下降趋势。     

太湖环棱螺对两种常见沉水植物生长的影响

环棱螺(Bellamya sp.)是太湖常见的一类软体动物.本研究通过室内实验,探讨环棱螺对轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata Royle)和伊乐藻(Elodea nuttalli ST John)生长的影响及水体营养盐含量的变化.结果表明,三种处理情况下,单位质量伊乐藻增加的数量分别为:H组0.475 g,L组0.106 g,C组0.021 g,单位质量轮叶黑藻增加的数量分别为:H组0.704 g,L组0.663 g,C组0.478 g.从实验前后两种沉水植物的长度和分蘖数变化来看,H组最高,L组与C组分别次之,所以不论生物量、长度还是分蘖数的变化量,与环棱螺共存的伊乐藻和轮叶黑藻的变化都高于对照组中两种沉水植物的变化.环棱螺新陈代谢促进水体中溶解态氮磷含量增加,三种情况下水生植物的初级生产力都相当,由此可推测环棱螺通过新陈代谢,一定程度上促进了两种沉水植物的生长.