中国碱蓬属植物修订

本文对《中国植物志》藜科(Chenopodiaceae)碱蓬属(Suaeda Forsk. ex Scop.)长期存在的分类错误进行了纠正。将其中的高碱蓬S. altissima (L.) Pall.合并入碱蓬S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge,纵翅碱蓬S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bunge合并入刺毛碱蓬S. acuminata (C.A. Mey.) Moq.,同时增加了垦利碱蓬(新种)S. kenliensis J. W. Xing sp. nov。由此将中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物从原来的20种,变更为19种。并重新修订了中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的分种检索表,使中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的系统分类更趋于完善,为《中国植物志》的修订和碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物分类及其深入研究与开发利用提供了依据。     

海洋芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. CAMT22370所产葡萄糖氧化酶的分离纯化与表征

前期筛选获得一株海洋源Bacillussp.CAMT22370高产葡萄糖氧化酶菌株,本研究进一步通过离子交换及分子筛层析使Bacillus sp. CAMT22370葡萄糖氧化酶纯化了2.12倍,酶活得率32.37%,比活力达到8.47 U/mg,分子质量约为50 kDa。酶学特性研究表明,此酶在低温下有较好的催化活性,最适温度为30℃,超过30℃时酶活迅速下降, 45℃保温2 h活力降至75%左右;最适pH为6.0,在5.0以下和7.0以上时酶活迅速降低, 9.0时损失35%; Ca~(2+)和Mn~(2+)有明显激活作用, Na~+和Zn~(2+)有轻微激活作用, K~+和Mg~(2+)对酶活无显著影响,而Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)对酶活有明显抑制作用,酶动力学参数Vmax及Km值分别为26.85 (μmol/(L·min))和109.26 (μmol/(L·min)),以上酶学特性与现有酶制剂存在明显不同,研究结果为该葡萄糖氧化酶的开发利用奠定了初步基础。     

栅藻全转录组测序与类胡萝卜素合成途径相关基因分析

栅藻(Desmodesmus sp.)是一种能产生重要次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的海洋绿藻,为了深入了解栅藻类胡萝卜素代谢途径及关键酶基因,本研究通过Illumina高通量测序平台对栅藻进行转录组测序.利用Trinity软件对转录组数据进行从头组装,共获得37 634个Unigenes,经过与Nt、Nr、Swiss、Prot、KEGG、COG、GO数据库比对,共有23 235个Unigenes获得注释.GO分类中(level 2)注释最多的分别是代谢过程(metabolic process),细胞组分(cell part)和催化活性(catalytic activity),与KEGG数据库比对发现14 123个Unigenes与128条代谢途径相对应.根据组装和注释的转录组结果,鉴定了栅藻中与类胡萝卜素生物合成途径相关的基因,构建了栅藻类胡萝卜素代谢途径,获得的栅藻转录组数据有利于进一步研究类胡萝卜素代谢途径中相关基因的功能及调控.     

Geochemistry,zircon U–PB ages and HF isotopes of the Muong Luan granitoid pluton,Northwest Vietnam and its petrogenetic significance

The Indosinian Orogeny plays a significant role in tectonic background and magmatic evolution in Indochina and surrounding regions. Being a part product of the Indosinian magmatism in northwest Vietnam during late Permian–middle Triassic period, Muong Luan granitoid pluton dominantly consists of granodiorite, less diorite and granite. This pluton is located in the Song Ma suture and assigned to the Dien Bien complex. Geochemically, the Muong Luan granitoid rocks are characterized by a wide range of SiO₂ contents (59.9–75.1 wt%) and high K₂O contents. They display typical features of I‐type granites. The presence of hornblende and no muscovite and cordierite in the rocks further supports for I‐type character of granitoids. The emplacement age of the Muong Luan pluton obtained by LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon is at 242–235 Ma, corresponding to Indosinian time. Zircon ε_Hf values of –5.6 to –10.4, in combination with moderate Mg values of 34–45 suggested that the Muong Luan granitoid was derived from partial melting of mafic crustal source rocks, which are probably Paleoproterozoic in age as revealed by Hf model ages (T_DM2 = 1624–1923 Ma).     

甲醛溶液对发头裸腹溞及其体表聚缩虫影响的试验

不同浓度的甲醛溶液对枝角类发头裸腹溲Ｍｏｄｉｎａｉｒｒａｓａ的致毒效应以及对其体表附着的聚缩虫Ｚｏｏｔｈａｍｉｕｍｓｐ．的杀灭效果的试验结果表明,１２ｈ、２４ｈ两俱和用时段中,甲醛浓度与发头裸腹溲相对存活率之间以及甲醛浓度与发头裸腹溲体表聚缩虫营养体脱落率之间存在一定的函数关系。     

Using stable isotopes to quantify water sources for trees and shrubs in a riparian cottonwood ecosystem in flood and drought years

Riparian cottonwood forests in dry regions of western North America do not typically receive sufficient growing season precipitation to completely support their relatively high transpiration requirements. Water used in transpiration by riparian ecosystems must include alluvial groundwater or water stored in the potentially large reservoir of the unsaturated soil zone. We used the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of stem xylem water to evaluate water sources used by the dominant riparian cottonwood (Populus spp.) trees and shrubs (Shepherdia argentea and Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in Lethbridge, Alberta, during 3 years of contrasting environmental conditions. Cottonwoods did not exclusively take up alluvial groundwater but made extensive use of water sourced from the unsaturated soil zone. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of cottonwood stem water did not strongly overlap with those of alluvial groundwater, which were closely associated with the local meteoric water line. Instead, cottonwood stem water δ¹⁸O and δ²H values were located below the local meteoric water line, forming a line with a low slope that was indicative of water exposed to evaporative enrichment of heavy isotopes. In addition, cottonwood xylem water isotope compositions had negative values of deuterium excess (d‐excess) and line‐conditioned (deuterium) excess (lc‐excess), both of which provided evidence that water taken up by the cottonwoods had been exposed to fractionation during evaporation. The shrub species had lower values of d‐excess and lc‐excess than had the cottonwood trees due to shallower rooting depths, and the d‐excess values declined during the growing season, as shallow soil water that was taken up by the plants was exposed to increasing, cumulative evaporative enrichment. The apparent differences in functional rooting pattern between cottonwoods and the shrub species, strongly influenced the ratio of net photosynthesis to stomatal conductance (intrinsic water‐use efficiency), as shown by variation among species in the δ¹³C values of leaf tissue.     

温度对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)生长及胞外有机物产生的影响

以巢湖优势种铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)为研究对象,研究不同温度(35、25和10℃)对这两种藻生长特性和胞外有机物产生的影响.结果表明,温度对铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻的藻细胞密度、碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外有机物浓度影响显著.25℃是铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度分别达到3.12×107cells/ml和2.03×107 cells/ml.不同温度下两种藻的碱性磷酸酶活性特征,证实了高温对鱼腥藻生长的抑制和低温对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制.胞外有机物释放总量受蓝藻生物量和单位细胞有机物释放速率的影响.铜绿微囊藻的溶解性有机碳和胞外总多糖释放量在25℃最高,最大值分别为49.28和38.46 mg/L;而鱼腥藻在35℃时释放量最高,最大值分别为45.82和40.60 mg/L;10℃条件抑制了两种藻的生长及胞外有机物的释放.鱼腥藻胞外多糖含量在35℃培养条件下最高,而铜绿微囊藻在10℃条件下最高,说明不利的生长条件会促进蓝藻胞外多糖的分泌.三维荧光图谱分析结果表明,铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻胞外有机物以类蛋白质和类腐殖酸为主,温度主要影响藻细胞胞外有机物浓度,而对有机物种类组成没有影响.     

Pseudomonas sp.在杀菌剂耐受条件下对X70管线钢的腐蚀行为研究

本研究选用一株野生型Pseudomonas sp.为试验菌株,选用X70管线钢作为代表性金属材料,通过细菌生长曲线测定、腐蚀失重测量、扫描电镜（SEM）观察等方法,初步研究在杀菌剂四羟甲基硫酸磷（THPS）耐受条件下Pseudomonas sp.对X70管线钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,75 μL/L的THPS浓度在Pseudomonas sp.的耐受范围内,而且能够轻微促进X70试片表面的腐蚀;不添加THPS的含菌体系中Pseudomonas sp.能抑制X70试片表面的腐蚀;而在添加了75 μL/L THPS的含菌体系中,Pseudomonas sp.显著促进X70试片的腐蚀,并且试片表面附着的细菌数量相比于无杀菌剂的对照体系有所增加。因此,该研究表明在特定浓度范围内,与没有添加杀菌剂的含菌体系相比,杀菌剂THPS使Pseudomonas sp.从抑制腐蚀改变为促进腐蚀。     

Effects of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ceils became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, βcarotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+.     

湛江海域6种常见经济海藻的营养成分分析

分析采自湛江海域的粗枝软骨藻Chondria crassicaulis、日本沙菜Hypnea japonica、鱼栖菜Acanthophora sp、芋根江蓠Gracilaria blodgettii、平卧松藻Codium repens、网地藻Dictyota dichotoma等6种经济海藻的营养成分。结果表明:碳水化合物是这些海藻的主要营养成分,占藻体干重的42.81%～66.11%,平均为55.93%;粗蛋白含量6.63%～11.13%;粗脂肪含量最低,除网地藻D.dichotoma(2.85%)外,其余5种皆不足藻体干重的1%;粗纤维和灰分含量在种间差别较大;矿物质含量丰富,其中磷、铁和锌分别在平卧松藻C.repens、网地藻D.dichotoma和鱼栖菜Acanthophora中占藻体干重的0.093%、0.13%和0.0055%;氨基酸含量较高,其中Thr、Val、Ile、Leu、Phe几种必需氨基酸的含量均高于FAO标准;不少种类中汞、镉、铅、砷等含量超出我国食品卫生标准。海藻体内的营养成分含量因海藻种类和生长海域的不同而有差异。