干露和冷藏对坛紫菜及杂藻存活与生长的影响

将人工养殖的坛紫菜叶状体及与其有生长竞争关系的5种大型杂藻——肠浒苔、条浒苔、孔石莼、真江蓠、水云以及卵形藻等进行干露和冷藏实验.结果表明,坛紫菜叶状体干露至含水率10%~15%后直接培养,其成活率在99%以上,增重率与未经干露组的相比无显著差异;大型杂藻干露后含水率低于25%时则全部死亡;坛紫菜叶状体含水率为10%~15%时,在低温-20℃冷藏30d后进行培养,成活率达99%~100%,当含水率低于10%时,其成活率低于30%;坛紫菜叶状体含水率高于或低于10%~15%时进行低温冷藏,均会影响其成活率及冷藏后培养时的藻体增重率;与坛紫菜叶状体冷藏相同天数的大型杂藻,其死亡率达到100%;干露和冷藏可以有效地杀死与坛紫菜叶状体有竞争关系的杂藻,并且可以应用于生产以提高坛紫菜产量.     

坛紫菜孢子体和配子体世代之间的SSH分析

坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)是我国特有的栽培品种,主要养殖于福建、浙江和广东等地,其产量约占全国紫菜产量的75%。坛紫菜的生活史包括二倍孢子体和单倍配子体两个异型世代,两者在藻体形态、细胞结构、生化组成、生理特性等方面存在显著差异[1]。对坛紫菜不同世代基因的表达差异的研究,不仅有助于了解不同世代生理生化特性,并对重要经济性状的基础遗传学研究提供分子依据。     

紫菜(Porphyra遗传差异的ISSR分析

采用ISSR标记技术对来自不同产地的6个坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)无性系和两个条斑紫菜(P.yezoensis)无性系进行了遗传差异的分析。结果表明,7条ISSR引物在8个紫菜系中共扩增出59条片段,全部表现出多态性。根据Nei等的相似性系数得出8个紫菜系间的遗传距离在0.274—0.746之间。用UPGMA方法作出的系统树中各紫菜基本上是按照产地进行聚类,从而推测紫菜的遗传差异可能与地域分布相关。本文结果也证明了ISSR与RAPD、AFLP等标记技术一样适用于紫菜的遗传多样性分析。     

条斑紫菜低覆盖度基因组草图分析

对条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)进行Solexa 高通量测序, 获得低覆盖度全基因组草图。该基因组草图大小约220 Mbp, GC 质量分数53.08%; 包含26 629 个预测基因, 其中16 409 个基因具有内含子,平均每个基因含2.22 个内含子; 基因结构分析表明具有内含子的基因平均长度为2 214 bp, 内含子平均大小319 bp; 代谢通路分析表明嘌呤代谢是含有蛋白数量最多的代谢途径。本研究所得条斑紫菜低覆盖度全基因组草图快速获取了基因组大小和蛋白编码基因结构等基本信息, 证明了使用Solexa 高通量测序技术对条斑紫菜进行全基因组测序的可行性。     

大型海藻中环二肽类抑藻活性化合物的分离纯化

采用茚三酮试剂显色的薄层原位化学反应和抑藻活性检测方法,从龙须菜、条斑紫菜、鹿角藻和裙带菜中筛选环肽,发现龙须菜和条斑紫菜中存在具有抑藻活性的环肽。以龙须菜和条斑紫菜粉末为原料,采用硅胶柱层析和（或）硅胶薄层层析制备等方法,从龙须菜中分离到环（脯氨酸-甘氨酸）、环（丝氨酸-脯氨酸）和环（丙氨酸-色氨酸）,从条斑紫菜中纯化到环（亮氨酸-脯氨酸）和环（缬氨酸-酪氨酸）。除环（丝氨酸-脯氨酸）外,其余4种环二肽均是首次从相应大型海藻中获得。环（脯氨酸-甘氨酸）、环（亮氨酸-脯氨酸）和环（缬氨酸-酪氨酸）明显抑制了强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻的生长,对米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻有选择性抑制作用。在50 μg/mL时,3种环二肽对强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻的生长抑制率≥50%（第4d）;环（脯氨酸-甘氨酸）对米氏凯伦藻以及环（亮氨酸-脯氨酸）对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制率超过或接近50%。随后,获得环二肽对赤潮微藻生长的半抑制效应浓度EC50-96h。结果表明,环（脯氨酸-甘氨酸）、环（亮氨酸-脯氨酸）和环（缬氨酸-酪氨酸）在抑制米氏凯伦藻、球形棕囊藻或赤潮异弯藻方面比重铬酸钾更有优势,有望开发为环境友好型赤潮微藻抑藻剂。     

Subunit composition and chromophore content of R-phycoerythrin fromPorphyra haitanensis

R-phycoerythrin fromPorphyra haitanensis exists in two aggregation states with different molecular weights. A more highly aggregated form, RPE I, was chromatographed on Bio-Rex 70 column with urea solution (pH 3.0) as eluent, and the molecular weights of the 3 subunits (α, β, γ) obtained were determined on SDS-PAGE at 18000, 19200 and 30000, respectively. α subunit carried two phycoerythrobilin (PEB); β subunit, three PEB and one phycourobilin (PUB); γ subunit, one PEB and three PUB chromophores. The molar ratio of α, β, and γ subunits of RPE I was 6: 6: 1, and their subunit composition was confired to be (αβ)₆γ on account of the molecular weight of RPE I, 232000. A lower aggregated form, RPE II, contained α and β subunits similar to those of RPE I, but its subunit composition was the (αβ) monomer of RPE. Contribution No. 2108 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Construction of Porphyra yezoensis Pure Line from Protoplasts and Its 18S rDNA Sequence Determination

1　Introduction　PorphyraisthemainobjectforalgafarmingandplaysaveryimportantroleinChinesemarineindus tries.Recently ,therehasbeenagreatlossinPor phyracultivationduetothedegenerationoftheculti var,sothereisanincreasingdemandforgoodPor phyracultivars .Theprerequisiteofthetraditionalbreed ingandbioengineeringresearchofPorphyraistheconstructionofpurelines .Traditionally ,theclassifi cationofPorphyrawasaccordingtotheirmorphologi calcharacteristics .However ,mostmorphologicalfea turesofPorphyraar…     

Construction of Porphyra yezoensis Pure Line from Protoplasts and Its 18S rDNA Sequence Determination

The wild Porphyra yezoensis collected from the Qingdao coast was used to prepare protoplasts by enzyme digestion. The pure line was constructed by cultivating the protoplasts. The 18S rDNA of the P. yezoensis pure line was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis was executed for this sequence and other 22 sequences retrieved from GenBank. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. The results revealed a high diversity of 18S rDNA sequences in genus Porphyra and the considerable variation of 18S rDNA sequences in different strains of the same species P. yezoensis and P. tenera. Significant difference of 18S rDNA sequence was observed between P. yezoensis from Qingdao, China, and the two strains of P. yezoensis from Japan, but the three strains of P. yezoensis formed a stable clade in the phylogenetic tree. These results indicate the possibility of interspecies and intraspecies discrimination of Porphyra using the 18S rDNA sequences.     

Ultrastructure of Single Cells, Callus-like and Monospore-like Cells in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda on Semi-solid Culture Medium

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