絮凝剂对紫菜酶解单细胞的絮凝作用及对其生长的影响

就解决紫菜养殖和制饵的生产实践中出现的单细胞收集困难问题进行了初步研究。首次尝试利用细胞絮凝剂收集大型海藻的酶解单细胞，检查了几种常规絮凝剂及新型生物絮凝剂对其絮凝作用，观察了对其生长发育的影响。实验中发现常规絮凝剂明显具有明显的絮凝作用，浓度过高时有致畸作用；饱和石灰水和甲壳胺絮凝效果较好，但甲壳爱具有阻碍细胞发育的特点；Ｃａ＾２＋Ｍｇ＾２＋基本无絮凝作用；Ｆｅ＾３＋在高浓度时有效畸作用。     

Induction Effect and Genetic Analysis of NG to Thallus of Porphyra

The young thalli of Porphyra yezoensis and P. haitanensis are induced by N-Methy-N‘-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have been investigated in all control groups,while in the induced groups, it is easy to find mutant cells or mutant cell masses in the thallus.The pigmentation mutants may be the result of NG inducement. The mutant rate increases obviously with the mutagen concentration or by prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of Porphyra yezoensis are raised from 11.2% to 28.7%, and those of P. haitanensis from 10.1% to 20.2%. According to our experiments, the amount of mutant cells in the same area does not increase with the induction intensity The amount of mutant cells in every group of inducement of both species of Porphyra changes very little with the fixed fields check method. The lowest dose (25μg/mL) of this experiment has a high mutant rate. The mutant rate shows the percentage of mutant cells in all the survived cells, while the amount of mutant cells reflects the effect of inducement. Thus the optimum induction concentration of NG is 25μg/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30minutes.     

悬浮生长的条斑紫菜膨大藻丝无性系的培养及产生壳孢子的研究初报

１９９０年以来，采用多因子正交试验方法，对悬浮生长的条斑紫菜膨大藻丝即孢子囊技生长发育规律进行研究。通过细胞工程方法，建立悬浮培养的膨大藻丝无性系，并使该无性系长年大量繁殖。经过对膨大藻丝的生长发育调控，可使膨大藻丝适时，大量放散壳孢子。     

华北半叶紫菜丝状体细胞凋亡过程的初步研究

本文对华北半叶紫菜丝状体细胞的凋亡过程进行了初步观察并对这一过程中细胞超微形态的变化进行了研究。结果表明 ,丝状体细胞的凋亡过程是由分枝的端部细胞发生老化开始的 ,老化细胞的细胞内壁增厚 ;细胞核内染色质凝缩 ,核膜溶解 ;色素体片层结构变形、溶解 ;红藻淀粉电子密度显著下降 ,逐渐解体 ;胞浆中出现不规则形态的囊泡、髓样结构和结构特殊的小体 ;随着细胞的趋于凋亡 ,核、色素体、线粒体等细胞器相继溶解消失 ,细胞结构崩溃 ,细胞内壁明显增厚。细胞中的囊泡和髓样结构参与了细胞内壁的形成。本研究首次报道紫菜中存在细胞凋亡 ,并对丝状体细胞凋亡过程的生物学意义及髓样结构的功能进行了讨论     

坛紫菜别藻蓝蛋白α,β亚基基因的克隆和序列分析

以野生坛紫菜色素体DNA为模板, 通过PCR扩增获得编码坛紫菜别藻蓝蛋白α亚基和β亚基的序列及两者之间的间隔序列,该序列全长为1 055 bp,其中编码α和β亚基的序列均为486 bp,间隔序列为83 bp.该序列与GenBank收录的其他4种红藻相关序列的同源性在75.6%~87.4%,与2种蓝藻的同源性分别为66.9%,68.5%,其中编码区同源性更高.     

利用AFLP技术研究条斑紫菜的遗传变异

利用AFLP技术对11个条斑紫菜品系进行了研究.由16对引物共扩增出778条谱带,其中仅15条为共有谱带,多态位点的比例高达98.07%.日本鹿儿岛,我国的青岛、江苏、浙江等不同地点的野生或栽培条斑紫菜品系之间最近的遗传距离为0.180(两个日本样本之间),最远为0.397(日本样本与江苏样本之间),属于物种内种群间的遗传变异.聚类结果显示日本的样本与青岛的野生样本间的遗传相似系数较高而聚合在一起;浙江野生条斑紫菜与江苏的样本遗传距离相近,聚合在一起.结果表明,我国条斑紫菜的遗传多样性程度较高而且各品系间的遗传距离与其地理间距呈正相关关系.     

几种紫菜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用随机多态DNA(RAPD)标记方法对11个紫菜(Porphyra)样品进行遗传多样性检测,从46个随机引物中筛选出27个有效引物,共扩增出282条DNA带,其中多态位点224个,占79．4％。用类间平均链锁法对各样品间的遗传距离进行聚类分析。结果显示,2个条斑紫菜之间的亲缘关系很近,遗传相似系数达98．1％,和坛紫菜的亲缘关系较远;坛紫菜不同样品间的遗传相似系数在75．8％～90．6％之间,表明坛紫菜种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,是良种选育的遗传基础。     

条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)选育品系壳孢子的放散量与耐高温性研究

模拟生产培育条件, 对条斑紫菜选育品系(T-17)和野生型品系(WT)的贝壳丝状体在不同温度下的壳孢子放散量及壳孢子萌发体的生长发育进行了研究。 结果表明, 在 18、 23、 24 和 25℃下, 连续放散16d的平均每壳的壳孢子量, T-17分别为8.6×10⁶、 3.4×10⁶、 5.4×10⁵和0个, WT分别为8.0×10⁶、2.8×10⁶     

The influence of Fe^2＋ on growth and development of cells enzymatically isolated from Porphyra yezoensis blades

Fe^2＋ acted as an accessorial factor for many cellular enzymatic reactions is very important for seaweed growth and development, but the Fe^2＋ requirement in nori had not been seen. Porphyra yezoensis cells were separated enzymatically and cultured in a series of sterilized seawater media containing various concentrations of Fe^2＋. The growth development and cell were investigated in this work. Through this experiment, two biologically-meant concentration scales were found, one is low concentrations, 12.1-102.1μg/L, 10-100 times than that in seawater, favoring the development of isolated cells of Porphyra and the other was high concentrations, more than 10mg/L inhibiting the cell growth, leading to the deformity and shrinkage of the cells. At the concentration of 50 mg/L, the cells stopped growing and died eventually.     

The influence of Fe~(2+) on growth and development of cells enzy-matically isolated from Porphyra yezoensis blades

1 INTRODUCTION Porphyra (also called nori in Japanese) is one of the most important algae in aquaculture in the world. In the early 1980’s, basic studies on cell and protoplast isolation, cultivation and “seedling” breeding of Porphyra were conducted in laboratory. Zhao and Zhang (1981) isolated and cultured isolated cells by grinding the nori thallus, and Lu (1983) isolated cells by digesting bacteria. An enzyme isolated from a sea snail, was used to isolate cells and protoplasts (T…