闽西北中生代多金属矿脉的形成机制及其构造意义

闽西北中-高温多金属矿脉集中分布在燕山早期似斑状花岗侵入体的接触带及其附近,属于张裂成因,总体上具有高倾角和NE-NEE向走向。矿脉是含矿热液与地应力共同作用于岩石的产物,很可能形成在相对稳定的构造阶段中,与NW-NNW向构造挤压变形后的应力松驰或区域性抬升剥蚀产生的卸荷有关。     

大洋钻探与海底矿产

深海钻探与大洋钻探发现的许多古海洋事件和古环境变化，控制着海洋矿产的形成与分布，并为研究海底成矿作用提供了大量科学资料，大洋钻探及其他有关研究已经证明，南极底层水和上升流的发育，硅质生物的高生产力，以及始新世、渐新世、中新世与上新世的沉积间断，都有利于多金属结核，富钴结壳和磷灰石的形成。因此，深海钻探和大洋钻探对于海洋成矿理论有重大贡献。     

1nm锰矿相结构稳定性的研究

对在潮湿状态和经室温干燥后的人工合成Slnm锰矿相进行X衍射测定结果显示:1nm锰矿相与0.7nm锰矿相之间存在某种相变关系,那些结构不稳定的S1nm锰矿相,由于干燥等原因而失去层间-OH-H₂O层,而使原先的1nm相“崩塌”成为0.7nm锰矿相.1nm锰矿相结构稳定性主要是由被结合进层间的Cu、Co、Ni等二价金属阳离子的特性与数量所决定的,其所含的金属阳离子的数量与其锰矿相的结构稳定性呈正相关,而不同的金属阳离子在稳定1nm锰矿相的结构的能力的大小可排列为:Ni>Cu>Co>Zn>Ca≥Mg>Na.     

香花岭锡多金属矿田新风矿区水文地质特征及东部暗河连通试验与评价

新风矿区岩溶发育,水文地质条件较复杂。矿山基建生产开拓中发现矿区北东部有未探明的暗河流泾主要矿体范围,影响下部矿坑（井）的开采设计。通过东部暗河连通试验,认为该暗河为流泾矿区的暗河干流,对矿床开采会造成威胁,对４３１中段以下区域应采取区外截流引洪,减轻对矿坑水的压力。     

Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective

As the quest for deep-sea mineral resources is gaining momentum, environment and ocean mining have become important aspects of study. Because many of these deposits occur in international waters, the concern for environmental conservation in view of the effects of deep-sea mining is resulting in these effects being studied in different oceans, and efforts to develop regulations governing this exploitation are also underway at national and international levels. The impact assessment of deep-sea mining needs to encompass a variety of subjects, including environmental, socioeconomic, technological, and legal aspects. At the same time, effects of in situ environmental conditions on mining activities also need to be considered for effecient performance by the mining system. Differences in the degree of impact have been noticed during the mining simulation experiments by different investigating agencies. Therefore, interparameter comparisons, standardization of methods, and improvement in mining design are important considerations for proper utilization of resources, conservation of environment, and cost efficiency of the mining operations.     

广东大宝山多金属矿山环境污染问题及启示

大宝山矿是一座大型多金属矿床。目前，在该地区有国家和地方以及个体等多家矿业单位进行开发，由于长期开采对周围水土中释放了大量重金属和酸性废水，从而破坏了自然环境。本文根据该矿床的矿山地质环境和污染现状，认为矿山在进行规划、布局和建设时应充分考虑到自然条件对环境的自然净化作业，即矿山的尾砂坝应建在碳酸盐岩地层区，矿山的废渣、废石、废水尽可能地在上游碳酸盐岩地区多停留，以减少重金属和酸性废水对下游的影响。     

Porphyry Cu–Au and associated polymetallic Fe–Cu–Au deposits in the Beiya Area, western Yunnan Province, south China

The Alkaline porphyries in the Beiya area are located east of the Jinshajiang suture, as part of a Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry belt in western Yunnan. The main rock types include quartz-albite porphyry, quartz-K-feldspar porphyry and biotite–K-feldspar porphyry. These porphyries are characterised by high alkalinity [(K₂O + Na₂O)% > 10%], high silica (SiO₂% > 65%), high Sr (> 400 ppm) and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (> 0.706)] ratio and were intruded at 65.5 Ma, between 25.5 to 32.5 Ma, and about 3.8 Ma, respectively. There are five main types of mineral deposits in the Beiya area: (1) porphyry Cu–Au deposits, (2) magmatic Fe–Au deposits, (3) sedimentary polymetallic deposits, (4) polymetallic skarn deposits, and (5) palaeoplacers associated with karsts. The porphyry Cu–Au and polymetallic skarn deposits are associated with quartz–albite porphyry bodies. The Fe–Au and polymetallic sedimentary deposits are part of an ore-forming system that produced considerable Au in the Beiya area, and are characterised by low concentrations of La, Ti, and Co, and high concentrations of Y, Yb, and Sc.The Cenozoic porphyries in western Yunnan display increased alkalinity away from the Triassic Jinshajiang suture. Distribution of both the porphyries and sedimentary deposits in the Beiya area are interpreted to be related to partial melting in a disjointed region between upper mantle lithosphere of the Yangtze Plate and Gondwana continent, and lie within a shear zone between buried Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere and upper mantle lithosphere, caused by the subduction and collision of India and Asia.     

二连浩特一带境内外构造-成矿带的衔接问题浅析

蒙古南戈壁地区在寻找斑岩型铜多金属矿方面取得丰硕成果.位于该地区东延长线上的二连浩特一东乌旗地区虽.开展了多年勘查和研究工作,但未能实现铜多金属矿的勘探突破,因此,确定两者是否属于同一成矿带具有非常重要的意义.文中在系统分析该问题研究背景、现状的基础上.通过对比分析该地区航磁特征、遥感影像特征和部分地区布格重力异常特征...     

南海海底稀土元素研究进展

<正>稀土作为以新工艺、新技术研发为代表的高新科技产业发展所必需的基础性材料具有重要的经济价值和战略意义。鉴于陆上稀土资源的特殊分布的特点,海洋势必将成为未来该资源探索和开发的新区域。南海作为我国所辖最大面积的海域,其稀土资源丰富。因此,对于该海域稀土元素的研究具有重要的科研意义和现实价值。本文主要对近几十年来相关研究所取得研究成果和进展情况进行综述,并给出了未来研究的展望。     

Evidence for the formation of different‐sized nodules by different accretionary processes

Abstract

Studies on different‐sized polymetallic nodules from the Central Indian Ocean Basin reveal that chemical composition is largely related to the nodule diameter which show systematic decrease in Mn, Cu, and Ni content with increase in nodule size. S and I type nodules are more abundant than B, L, and V types. Nodules grouped according to their size have common morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics and all six groups have distinguishing properties. There is evidence which suggests that the smaller (M and I) nodules are diagenetic and the larger (S, B, L, and V) are hydrogenetic, exhibiting variations in todorokite abundance and in chemical composition. There is also substantial evidence that the nodules of high economic value (Cu + Ni + Co%) can be sorted out on the basis of simple morphological parameters.