我国铬铁矿床地质特征和找矿方向

我国已知的铬铁矿床均属于中小型豆荚状铬铁矿床,分布区域不均衡,开发利用条件差。豆荚状铬铁矿床包括高铬型和高铝型,两种矿床的形成环境和机制各不相同。弧后弧前盆地、岛弧、大洋中脊、转换断层均可能是豆荚状铬铁矿形成的理想构造环境,越来越多的学者认为豆荚状铬铁矿为深部地幔成因。铬铁矿是我国急缺的战略矿产,需要加大重要铬铁矿带隐伏矿体的找矿力度。     

Mercury in Baltic Sea sediments—Natural background and anthropogenic impact

In total 27 short and one long sediment core, and 278 surface sediment samples from the Baltic Sea were analyzed for mercury (Hg), and organic carbon contents. Thirteen short cores and the long core were dated by radionuclide methods (²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, AMS¹⁴C). The dataset allows discriminating between natural and human induced changes on the Hg levels in Baltic Sea sediments. Preindustrial Holocene background concentrations vary between 20 and 50 μg Hg per kg dry sediment and are positively correlated with organic carbon changes. Strong human induced pollution is recorded for the second half of the past century and caused high Hg concentrations of up to several hundred μg Hg per kg dry sediment even in Baltic Sea basins. Maximum concentrations are found at industrial and war waste dumping sites (local hot spots). An Hg concentration decreasing trend toward the present day is observed at most coring sites, a result of environmental measures undertaken during the last two decades. At sites where it is possible to calculate Hg fluxes, the natural accumulation rates vary between 2.1 and 5.4 μg Hg per m² per year. Anthropogenically sourced Hg accumulation rates vary in a wide range of 30 and 300 μg Hg per m² per year for the time span of maximum pollution. In areas characterized by discontinuous sedimentation only “inventories” of human sourced Hg expressed as the total amount of deposited Hg (above the natural background) per m² can be calculated. The inventories of the investigated cores vary in the range of 1 and 8 mg Hg per m². Additionally, influences of sediment dynamics on spatial distribution pattern of Hg concentrations in surface and subsurface sediments are discussed.     

Health impacts of liquid biofuel production and use: A review

The dramatic growth in the production and use of liquid biofuels has led to concerns about associated impacts on human health. To date however, there has been no attempt to comprehensively synthesize the literature on this topic, despite a wealth of new research published over the past few years. We searched the Medline and Embase databases, as well as Google Scholar, in order to review the state of evidence linking liquid biofuels to human health, to characterize the magnitude of potential impacts, and to identify areas in need of more empirical research. The search results indicate that the key pathways to health associated with liquid biofuels consist of four sets of exposures: occupational hazards; water/soil pollution; air pollution relating both to the production and use of the fuel; and the price of food (affecting nutrition). Of these, only air pollution and food price seem likely to meaningfully influence health at the population level: liquid biofuels may improve air quality – at least in urban environments – but could have serious adverse effects on nutrition in food-insecure populations. However, much more work is needed in both areas. Very few studies have explored more indirect pathways to health, such as those relating to land-use change, climate change and economic factors.     

Toxicological impact assessment of heavy metal contamination on macrobenthic communities in southern coastal sediments of Korea

In the heavily industrialized Masan Bay of southern coast, Korea, the potential harmful effects of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn, and Hg) were evaluated in terms of the pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk assessment index (ERI) methods, and the results obtained were considered alongside the health of the macrobenthic fauna communities. The results revealed that the bay sediments, especially in the inner bay and the outfall area of a sewage treatment plant, are exposed to moderate to serious levels of metal pollution. Hg and Cd contributed the most to the potential toxicity response indices in sediments recently deposited in the bay. The potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the bay was highlighted by the use of the benthic biological pollution index (BPI), suggesting that the ERI is a useful toxicity response index, which can quantify the overall ecological risk level to a target environment.     

Comparison of selected biomarkers in flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) from the Douro (Portugal) and Vistula (Poland) River estuaries

Sixty female flounder (Platichthys flesus) were collected in Autumn 2011, 15 from each of the following sampling sites: at the mouths of the Douro and Vistula Rivers, and at nearby open sea locations. The aim of the study was to assess several biomarkers in the two geographically distant regions. Hepatic EROD, GST, SOD, GPx, POx, LP; muscular AChE, BChE, LP; and branchial Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase were analysed. Moreover, BTI, PY, and three gross morphometric indices were calculated. The results were analysed with t-test, ANOVA, and PCA. Many differences were found between the open sea sites and the river mouths, mainly in Portugal, and between the two rivers. Salinity and pollution seem to be the main factors that affected the biomarkers. Effects of chronic pollution were observed at the river mouths, and an indication of a possible temporary exposure to pollutants was found at the open ocean site in Portugal.     

中国海岛港口现状特征与类型划分

我国海岛众多,具有丰富港口资源,其中一些港口深水岸线逼近岛岸,适宜发展大型深水集装箱港。目前海岛港口资源开发程度较低,在海岛上已开发的大型港口仅有上海洋山港,多数海岛县为规模不大的地方小港。对中国海岛县的港口吞吐量、港口用地等应用洛伦兹曲线(基尼系数)分析集聚状况,并用回归分析方法,分析港口发展与经济增长的关系。根据海岛港口规模、区位、腹地、港口“代际”以及海岛与大陆连通等指标,对中国海岛港口进行类型划分,并对划分的洋山港、舟山港以及地方小港等三种不同类型的港口特征进行了分析。进而结合当前国际海运业的要求与建造大船舶以适应大型深水港的发展趋势,提出了今后发展海岛深水港的方向。     

黄河兰州城区段湿地现状及保护建议

调查了黄河兰州城区段湿地类型和分布,结果表明:黄河兰州城区段湿地总面积1729.68hm2。5000m2以上的河岸湿地共计47块,总面积517.17hm2,其中几乎无人为干扰的湿地105.99hm2,仅占河岸湿地面积的20.50%;人为破坏程度非常严重、湿地功能几乎完全丧失的近裸露湿地252.43hm2,占河岸湿地面积的48.81%。黄河兰州城区段湿地存在乱侵乱占、遭受污染、河岸湿地植被破坏和湿地功能日趋退化等问题,提出了湿地保护与恢复建议。     

Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic‐Contaminated Soils

Ten Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were screened for their phytoremediation potential for arsenic (As) contaminated water under laboratory‐controlled conditions. The genotypes were grown in a hydroponic chamber for 20 days in 250‐mL beakers containing As‐contaminated water. During plant development, changes in plant growth, biomass, and total As were evaluated. Of the 10 genotypes (Pusa Agrani, BTO, Pusa Kranti, Pusa Bahar, Pusa Bold, Pusa Basant, Pusa Jai Kisan, Arka Vardhan, Varuna, and Vaibhav) Pusa Jai Kisan was the most effective in phytoremediating As‐contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. This will provide new information for Indian mustard genotypes for phytoremediating As‐contaminated soils.     

津秦客运专线天津滨海北站地质灾害的现状与预测

津秦客运专线滨海北站是综合交通枢纽站,是该专线的重要节点。本文基于该工程的地质背景条件和地质灾害监测资料进行分析,对其范围内的地面沉降、饱和粉（砂）土液化和水土腐蚀地质灾害的发育现状进行探讨与分析,并依次应用2阶多项式回归分析、标准贯入试验法、取样分析法分别进行了预测分析,结果表明在现状条件下,本工程近五年地面沉降速率有所减缓,饱和粉（砂）土液化灾害等级为轻微液化一中等液化,浅层水土腐蚀对工程基础中的钢筋混凝土的腐蚀性为中腐蚀。通过进行现状分析和趋势预测,从而为地质灾害防治和确保铁路的安全运营提供信息。     

鹤庆北衙铁金矿区环境地质现状及预测评价

北衙铁金矿区万硐山矿段已露天开采多年,而进入后期,将转入深部地下开采。矿区存在的环境地质问题已初步显现。对露天转地下深部开采时主要的环境地质问题进行预测。