Commonwealth Urban Policy in Australia: the case of inner urban regeneration in Sydney, 1973–75

Urban regeneration has intermittently been identified within Commonwealth policy circles as central to the functioning of Australian cities since the 1940s. This paper adds to existing knowledge by exploring the role of the Commonwealth Department of Urban and Regional Development (DURD) in the 1970s in facilitating a series of urban regeneration projects in Sydney. Drawing upon ministerial correspondence and minutes recently out of confidential embargo, the genesis of a holistic urban regeneration agenda is explored. The paper traces the approaches to Commonwealth intervention at a time marked by disillusionment with the comprehensive redevelopment paradigm. It explores the relationships and tensions apparent between and within different levels of government in establishing a Commonwealth presence, focusing on three inner city neighbourhoods: Waterloo, Glebe and Woolloomooloo. The significance of the interventions is considered to lie primarily in the pioneering of an all-of-government approach to urban governance.     

青岛市城市化与生态环境发展协调性的定量评价

从协调性视角构建城市化与生态环境两大子系统。运用主成分分析法确定两系统的综合发展水平,然后借助模糊数学中的隶属函数,计算两者之间的协调度,进而评价城市化与生态环境发展的协调状况。结果显示:青岛市自2000年以来城市化和生态环境综合发展水平都在不断提高,但城市化发展速度明显快于生态环境;青岛市城市化与生态环境这一复合系统的协调性基本处于失调状态,初步确定生态环境发展相对滞后于城市化是导致这一状况的主要原因;同时指出青岛市经济结构重型化、工业三废排放量大、资源和能源相对短缺以及区域内部经济发展不平衡、自然条件差异性的存在制约着城市化与生态环境协调发展。     

浅谈城市变电站与城市规划的协调

近年来,随着生产生活的发展,城区用电需求旺盛,建设变电站成了发展经济的当务之急,而由于城市规划建设的不断进行,变电站的输变电设施占地与城市建筑间的占地发生了;中突。作者对城市变电站建设与城市规划之间的冲突如何协调提出建议。     

广西北部湾城市群的区域整合与关系协调研究

对北部湾城市群的发展规模、发展水平、发展阶段和协调机制等方面的问题进行了分析;在培育中心城市、建设交通网络、加强港口的分工与协作、提高区域发展的综合效益等方面提出了北部湾城市群区域整合的思路.提出北部湾城市群的区域整合应注意协调五大关系:港城关系与主辅港关系、港口后方集疏系统与城际交通网络的协调、岸线合理利用问题、中心城市之间的关系、与粤西湛江、茂名的关系.最后,从加强区域管治,加快体制创新,扩大对外开放等方面提出相应的建议.     

Toward policy integration: Assessing carbon capture and storage policies in Japan and Norway

The objective of this paper is to develop independent and systematic criteria for assessing CCS policy in terms of its level of policy integration. We believe that we should assess CCS policy in terms of the distance to an ideal integrated CCS policy in order to keep track of its trajectory toward sustainable development. After reviewing the existing literature of environmental policy integration, an assessment framework for integrated CCS policy is developed based on Arild Underdal's notion of ‘integrated policy’ then, its usefulness is demonstrated by applying it to CCS policies in Japan and Norway. In the final part, we summarize the findings of the cases and conclude with some observations regarding explanatory factors of the difference in terms of the achieved level of policy integration between Japan and Norway's CCS policies, and some policy implications derived from the analysis based on the framework.     

Fisheries mismanagement

We analysed the extent to which European politicians have adhered to scientific recommendations on annual total allowable catches (TACs) from 1987 to 2011, covering most of the period of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). For the 11 stocks examined, TACs were set higher than scientific recommendations in 68% of decisions. Politically-adjusted TACs averaged 33% above scientifically recommended levels. There was no evidence that the 2002 reform of the CFP improved decision-making, as was claimed at the time. We modelled the effects of such politically-driven decision-making on stock sustainability. Our results suggest that political adjustment of scientific recommendations dramatically increases the probability of a stock collapsing within 40 years.In 2012 European fisheries policy will undergo a once-a-decade reform. Ten years ago radical reforms were promised but the changes failed to improve sustainability. It is likely that the 2012 reform will be similarly ineffective unless decision-making is changed so that catch allocations are based on science rather than politics.     

Policy and practice in the live reef fish for food trade: A case study from Palawan,Philippines

The live reef fish for food trade is a highly significant fishery that provides income for many coastal communities in the Asia-Pacific region but faces challenges relating to sustainability. This paper draws attention to the large gaps that exist between policy and practice in the live reef fish for food trade in Palawan, Philippines. While many policies have been introduced over many years, effective implementation remains a challenge. We show how the implementation of successive sets of policies has been hindered by three broadly inter-related features of the local social landscape: the capacity of government institutions and legal frameworks to implement regulations, the distinctive culture of fisheries governance in the Philippines, and the perspectives and practices of local fishers themselves. By focusing on the gaps between policy and practice, we highlight the ongoing need to examine more explicitly the ways in which local contexts shape the effectiveness of implementation, enforcement and policy more generally.     

RESTORATION OF SHEEP TRANSHUMANCE IN THE EBRO VALLEY,ARAGON, SPAIN*

For centuries, sheep transhumance has connected the Spanish highlands with the lowlands, creating a livestock system with important social, economic, cultural, and landscape effects. About 5 million sheep were involved in transhumant movements in the mid‐1700s, but transhumance started to decay in the nineteenth century and almost disappeared in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1980s, transhumant sheep did not number more than 25,000 in the study area; at present the number exceeds 134,000, with herders practicing both descending and ascending transhumance. In this article we provide information not only on current numbers of transhumant sheep but also on the origins and destinations of the flocks. We also confirm that the reputation of transhumance, once regarded as quaint and antiquated, has been enhanced by the ecosystem services it provides and by the cultural and heritage continuities it renders.     

辽宁省综合运输网络与物流量的协调度研究

正确把握综合运输网络与物流量之间的协调关系,对制定正确决策、促进发展辽宁省物流业有重要作用,本文选用11项综合运输网络指标、16项物流量指标,通过建立综合运输网络子系统和物流量子系统,利用SPSS17.0统计软件通过主成分分析法,分别确定两系统的综合发展水平,再利用模糊数学中的隶属度函数来计算两者之间的协调系数,研究发现：2004～2008年辽宁省综合运输网络与物流量之间的协调性较好,但仍有需要改进的方面。     

Planning and development regulation amid rapid urban growth: Explaining divergent trajectories in Africa

Why are urban plans, land use regulations and construction codes implemented effectively in some African states but not others? This constitutes an increasingly urgent development concern with major implications for the environment and the urban poor. Rather than being explained by economic factors, bureaucratic capacity or the nature of the urban policies and regulations in place, this paper argues that divergent outcomes are largely rooted in differing political bargaining environments. Comparing Uganda and Rwanda, it presents an empirical study that analyses contrasting planning and regulation trajectories in contexts of similarly low levels of socioeconomic development and soaring rates of urban growth. It argues that the divergent outcomes can be explained in relation to the political resources and incentives confronted by governing elites, which in Rwanda impel state actors to implement plans and regulations while in Uganda incentivize overriding them in the interests of political or economic gain. In highlighting political bargaining contexts and how these change over time, the paper illustrates the critical importance of historically informed city-level political economy analysis for understanding divergent urban development outcomes.