山西省城镇空间分布特征Voronoi图建模分析

随着我国新型城镇化规划的实施,如何识别城镇发展的不均衡,以及产生这些差异的原因已成为城镇化建设亟待解决的问题。本文利用Voronoi图的空间剖分特性,将城市中心性强度作为权重引入模型,建立山西省地级市加权Voronoi图,分析其空间影响范围,以判断山西省地级市发展的合理性和局限性;利用Delaunay图发现城市“空洞”,结合道路河流等矢量信息,通过叠加分析识别出待优先发展城镇;通过常规Voronoi图和变异系数C_v值判断本文模型的合理性和可行性。研究发现,山西省太原市的空间影响范围较大,导致周边地级市东西部发展较为不均衡;繁峙县、灵石县、新绛县条件较好,可以优先发展;通过常规Voronoi图和C_v值验证表明,本文所得结论与实际检验相符合。     

关于全国地震重点监视防御区制度实施现状、成效之调查、设计的说明

为评估全国地震重点监视防御区制度的实施现状、成效,课题组对相关问题进行了定性和定量研究,定量研究以系列问卷调查为主,包括政府、社区和公众问卷等。本文重点说明了系列问卷调查的设计、抽样以及回收情况,并对问卷调查发现的问题做了简单介绍。     

中国西北地区经济与生态环境协调发展现状研究

中国西北地区(陕、甘、宁、青、新),深居中国内陆,生态环境恶劣,经济发展落后,其町持续发展状况受人关注。而可持续发展状况主要是区域经济发展与生态环境的协调问题,在西北地区环境——经济复合系统指标体系构建的基础上,利用科学、客观的因子分析方法确定出指标体系中各项经济、环境指标因素的权重：然后,利用模糊隶属度函数对西北地区各经济、环境指标的原始数据进行无量纲量化处理,得到各评价指标的隶属度值;最后,引入经济、环境协调度和协调发展度模型,对西北五省区的经济发展与生态环境协调状况进行定量模拟．分析,得出：新疆维吾尔自治区与青海省均属于中级协调发展类环境滞后型区域,陕西省属于勉强协调发展类环境滞后型区域,甘肃省属于濒临失调衰退类环境损益型区域,宁夏回族自治区属于严重失调衰退类环境损益型区域。     

The Common Fisheries Policy: An enforcement problem

Marine populations in Europe are in decline due to the unsuccessful results of the Common Fisheries Policy. By combining data of scientific recommendations from ICES, TACs approved and reported landings with an age-structured model, the objectives of this paper are to investigate the level of compliance of the TAC regulation, and the level of enforcement and its economic impact on fishery resources. The results presented here suggest that while there does not exist a regular pattern between TAC proposal and TAC approved, there is a clear pattern between TAC approved and reported landings. As a consequence, there is a regular lack of enforcement at national fisheries authority level. The paper also presents results of the recovery plans for the Southern hake and the Atlantic cod fisheries as case studies to illustrate the level of enforcement based on collusion between national fisheries advisers and industry. The results from both cases studies analyzed here indicate that drastic solutions could generate positive results for the recovery of the stocks, but perhaps they are not always the best measure in fisheries management due to the high economic losses for fishermen and social effects on coastal communities in the short and medium term. Finally, this work demonstrates that if the recovery plans had been implemented, the net present profits for both fisheries would have increased over time.     

淮海经济区协调发展度评价研究

基于区域协调发展的判定标准,构建区域协调发展的指标体系,通过线性加权模型和离差系数法分别计算出淮海经济区经济-社会-人口-资源-环境系统的综合发展水平得分和淮海经济区、苏北鲁南豫东皖北四大板块和20个市的协调度,通过对其分析得出以下结论：（1）淮海经济区处于低经济发展阶段的高协调度阶段;（2）市域协调度多处于中级基本协调阶段;（3）协调度呈现东高西低的空间格局。     

城市化进程中的人居安全协调发展研究——以大连市为例

城市人居安全反映城市社会中的与人们居住生活密切相关的诸因素,以及这些因素给人们的健康和生命安全造成的影响状况。从城市人居环境的角度,提出人居安全的概念,并以大连市为例进行深入探讨。在研究大连市的人居安全和城市化发展现状的基础之上,运用主成分分析和协调度分析等方法,进一步探究两个系统之间的动态协调关系。研究结果表明：大连人居安全状况良好,可将1990-2004年的15年分3个发展阶段;大连人居安全与城市化之间关系密切,相关系数达到了0．960;大连市人居安全与城市化的协调度指数多在0．7-1．0之间,反映出协调度状况良好。     

'There is a tide': An examination of the evolution of New Zealand Coastal Policy Statements

Abstract:   In this paper the proposed New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement is set within the context of its Resource Management Act legislative framework and in terms of the evolution of the fundamental influence of policy statements on coastal management in New Zealand. This discussion is coupled with an examination of the development of strong policy directions in the proposed statement and the potential impact of giving effect to these policies on the regional and unitary authorities tasked with this responsibility.     

Predicting sediment inputs to aquatic ecosystems across England and Wales under current environmental conditions

The awareness of water quality issues has never been higher. As part of its continuing strategic diffuse pollution policy support, ADAS recently undertook to identify catchments across England and Wales that could potentially fail recently proposed suspended sediment yield targets under current environmental conditions. The total suspended sediment loads (SSL) delivered to all rivers were assumed to comprise contributions from diffuse sources in the agricultural and urban sectors, as well as from eroding channel banks and point sources represented by sewage treatment works (STWs). Diffuse agricultural sediment loss to rivers was predicted using the PSYCHIC model. Corresponding inputs from diffuse urban sources were estimated on the basis of an Event Mean Concentration (EMC) methodology. Channel bank sediment inputs were calculated using a prototype national scale model, while point source sediment contributions were based on a register of consented effluent discharges. Modelled SSL were validated (r²=68%) against PARCOM data (1999–2003) for the delivery of sediment to different regions of the UK maritime area. The results of the validation were considered to be realistic for a national scale predictor. The modelling exercise suggested that those catchments currently at risk of exceeding proposed suspended sediment yield critical thresholds are largely confined to upland areas across Wales and northwest England and the chalklands of southern and eastern England.     

广东省旅游-经济-生态环境耦合协调发展分析

依据2001―2010年广东省旅游、经济、环境方面的数据,构建旅游-经济-生态环境评价指标体系,借助SPSS和GIS软件,利用主成分分析法和物理学中耦合协调度函数建模法,对广东省21市的旅游-经济-生态环境的耦合协调度进行了定量分析。结果表明：21市的耦合协调度在不断提高,平均耦合协调度由2001年的濒临失调提升到了2010年的勉强协调水平;但各市旅游、经济、环境3个子系统的发展程度各异,省内不同城市的耦合协调度水平也存在一定差距,且这种差距有扩大的趋势;珠三角地区发展的起点高、速度快,而粤北山区和两翼地区始终都处于比较落后的状态：2001年广州、深圳的耦合协调度得分分别为0.65、0.67,处于初级协调阶段;揭阳、云浮得分为0.29、0.33,分别为中度失调水平和轻度失调水平。到2010年,广州、深圳的耦合协调度达到了良好协调的水平,而揭阳、云浮的耦合协调度仍处于较低的水平。     

肥城市土地综合整治实践探索

通过对肥城市国土资源利用现状的分析,提出了目前肥城市土地资源高效整合利用中存在的三个问题,即人多地少、结构不合理和供需矛盾突出。在土地资源详查的基础上,编制了土地整理专项规划,开展了以"一个挂钩、三大项目、一项改造"为重点的农村土地综合整理工作。有效提高了肥城市的土地资源整合利用水平,大大促进了肥城市的新农村建设。