Adjoint Sensitivity Experiments of a Meso-β-scale Vortex in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

A relatively independent and small-scale heavy rainfall event occurred to the south of a slow eastwardmoving meso-α-scale vortex. The analysis shows that a meso-β-scale system is heavily responsible for the intense precipitation. An attempt to simulate it met with some failures. In view of its small scale, short lifetime and relatively sparse observations at the initial time, an adjoint model was used to examine the sensitivity of the meso-β-scale vortex simulation with respect to initial conditions. The adjoint sensitivity indicates how small perturbations of initial model variables anywhere in the model domain can influence the central vorticity of the vortex. The largest sensitivity for both the wind and temperature perturbation is located below 700 hPa, especially at the low level. The largest sensitivity for the water vapor perturbation is located below 500 hPa, especially at the middle and low levels. The horizontal adjoint sensitivity for all variables is mainly located toward the upper reaches of the Yangtze River with respect to the simulated meso-β-scale system in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces with strong locality. The sensitivity shows that warm cyclonic perturbations in the upper reaches can have a great effect on the development of the meso-β-scale vortex. Based on adjoint sensitivity, forward sensitivity experiments were conducted to identify factors influencing the development of the meso-β-scale vortex and to explore ways of improving the prediction. A realistic prediction was achieved by using adjoint sensitivity to modify the initial conditions and implanting a warm cyclone at the initial time in the upper reaches of the river with respect to the meso-β-scale vortex, as is commonly done in tropical cyclone prediction.     

浙江省北部地区一次飑线天气过程分析

文章分析了2002年7月16日浙江省北部地区的一次飑线天气过程。分析表明：高空前倾槽是这次飑线发生的大尺度环流背景，飑线发生在副热带高压边缘的不稳定区域。浙江省北部地区低层暖湿平流和地面的持续强烈升温，一方面为其积蓄了大量不稳定能量；另一方面高空冷平流形成并大大促进了这一地区的不稳定层结，这一不稳定层结主要是通过高空、地面的温度差动平流来实现的。水汽分析表明：低层850hPa的水汽输送是通过暖湿西南气流来实现的，强对流发生的浙江省北部地区正好处于低层850hPa干湿区交界中的露点锋区，而高层700hPa和500hPa的水汽输送却主要是通过西北气流来实现的。     

中国西北地区陆内前陆盆地的鉴别标志

讨论了中国西北地区陆内前陆盆地的主要鉴别标志 :(1)不对称山前坳陷的构造几何形态 ;(2 )先缓后陡的两段式沉降曲线 ;(3)反沉积旋回上部磨拉石堆积、强烈构造运动和层内递进型构造角度不整合类型。认为在鉴别陆内前陆盆地中必须进行多项标志的综合分析     

Genesis and evolution of a curved mountain front: paleomagnetic and geological evidence from the Gran Sasso range (central Apennines, Italy)

The Gran Sasso range is a striking salient formed by two roughly rectilinear E–W and N–S limbs. In the past 90° counterclockwise (CCW) rotations from the eastern Gran Sasso were reported [Tectonophysics 215 (1992) 335], suggesting west–east increase of rotation-related northward shortening along the E–W limb. In this paper, we report on paleomagnetic data from Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary dykes and strata cropping out at Corno Grande (central part of the E–W Gran Sasso limb), the highest summit of the Apennine belt. Predominant northwestward paleomagnetic declinations (in the normal polarity state) from both sedimentary dykes and strata are observed. When compared to the expected declination values for the Adriatic foreland, our data document no thrusting-related rotation at Corno Grande. The overall paleomagnetic data set coupled with the available geological information shows that the Gran Sasso arc is in fact a composite structure, formed by an unrotated-low shortening western (E–W trending) limb and a strongly CCW rotated eastern salient. Late Messinian and post-early Pliocene shortening episodes documented along the Gran Sasso front indicate that belt building and arc formation occurred during two distinct episodes. We suggest that the southern part of a late Messinian N–S front was reactivated during early–middle Pliocene time, forming a tight range salient due to CCW rotations and differential along-front shortening rates. The formation of a northward displacing bulge in an overall NW–SE chain is likely a consequence of the collision between the Latium-Abruzzi and Apulian carbonate platforms during northeastward propagation of the Apennine wedge, inducing lateral northward extrusion of Latium-Abruzzi carbonates towards ductile basinal sediment areas.     

碳酸岩是大陆岩石圈构造背景和地幔交代作用的指示岩石

根据已知碳酸岩的地质产状、岩石学特征、Nd-Sr-Pb同位素及痕量元素地球化学特征,结合高温高压实验岩石学资料,论述了其地幔源区的物质成分、交代过程、软流圈地幔部分熔融机制和碳酸岩岩浆的演化模型碳酸岩既可以产生于裂谷环境,由起源于软流圈地幔的霞石质超基性-基性岩浆经液态不混溶作用而形成,与硅酸不饱和过碱性杂岩构成环状碳酸岩-碱性杂岩;也能够产生于碰撞造山过程中派生的引张岩石圈断裂带,直接导源于岩石圈地幔的低程度部分熔融作用,形成单一的透镜状、条带状和似层状碳酸岩体     

太行山山前断裂带的分形几何特征

应用分形几何理论讨论了太行山山前断裂带的分段性,计算了各不同段落的分形值,结果表明,分形值大小和构造活动及地震活动性强弱具一致性。用分形值作为定量标志,对太行山山前断裂带进行了分段。     

The Kwinana Coastal Fumigation Study: I – Program Overview, Experimental Design and Selected Results

Fumigation under sea-breeze conditions is a major feature of the air pollution meteorology in the coastal industrial region of Kwinana, south of Perth in Western Australia. An intensive field experiment on fumigation was carried out in the region in early 1995 with the objective of using the measured data to develop and test a shoreline fumigation model. Fumigation of plumes from the Kwinana Power Station was studied using an instrumented research aircraft, radiosonde balloons, meteorological stations, a lidar, a mobile surface sampler, and sonic anemometers. The study has yielded a detailed and high quality data set as a result of both the range of observations undertaken and of the regularity of the sea-breeze conditions under scrutiny. The details of the experiment are summarised in this paper and some typical results are presented.     

Study on conventional atmospheric dispersion models in china, america and canada

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梅雨锋云带内α-中尺度对流系统周边水汽风的分析

应用准静止卫星水汽图像导出的风 (简称为水汽风 )分析东亚梅雨锋云带内中尺度对流系统 (MCS)在对流层上层的流出通道。结果表明梅雨锋云带内MCS有二类流出通道。一类MCS在对流层上层呈现为一个中尺度反气旋。MCS的东部有一支中尺度高空急流 ,这支中尺度高空急流向东流出后转向南 ,流入 2 0°N附近的南亚东风急流内 ,是MCS在对流层上层的主要流出通道。另一类MCS发生在中纬度西风急流的南侧。中纬度西风与MCS南部的偏东北风构成一个反气旋环流带。MCS前方的流出通道 (中尺度高空急流 )是中纬度西风急流的一个中尺度分支。梅雨锋云带内垂直方向水平风速切变小于 1m/ (s·10 0hPa) ,垂直方向“不通风”有利于云带内MCS的维持。初步分析验证了以前数值模拟得到的中尺度高空急流及其流出通道。     

西南地区“02·5”暴雨过程的诊断分析

利用T213数值预报产品及有关常规天气资料,对2002年5月12～14日发生在中国西南地区的大范围暴雨天气过程进行了诊断分析。分析表明:此过程主要的影响系统是高空冷槽、地面冷锋以及高低空急流。暴雨落区位于具有强盛的垂直上升运动的高能、高湿舌的不稳定区内。