台湾以东黑潮锋时空分布及形成机制研究

海洋锋是重要的海洋现象,具有重要的研究意义。尽管台湾以东与黑潮之间表层无明显的锋区,但在水下却常年存在较强的海洋锋,这一现象的研究至今尚少见,本研究采用再分析手段,系统分析了温度锋时空变化规律及其形成变化机制。     

台湾以东黑潮锋时空分布及形成机制研究

海洋锋是重要的海洋现象,具有重要的研究意义.尽管台湾以东与黑潮之间表层无明显的锋区,但在水下却常年存在较强的海洋锋,这一现象的研究至今尚少见,本研究采用再分析手段,系统分析了温度锋时空变化规律及其形成变化机制.     

Shifts in an epibenthic trophic web across a marine frontal area in the Southwestern Atlantic (Argentina)

Marine benthic trophic relationships and food web structures may be influenced by benthic–pelagic coupling processes, which could also be intensified by the physical dynamics of marine fronts. In this work, we employed stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analysis to investigate the influence of the Southwest (SW) Atlantic shelf-break front (SBF; 38–39°S, 55–56°W; Argentina) on an epibenthic trophic web. Epibenthic organisms were sampled, at depths of ~ 100 m, with a non-selective dredge from a sandy bottom community located in frontal (F) and marginal (M) areas. The SBF position and the chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations were inferred using satellite data of the sea surface temperature (SST) and satellite chl-a concentration, respectively. The most noticeable shifts in stable isotopes between the sampled areas were those of the Patagonian scallop, Zygochlamys patagonica (δ¹³C), and those of the sea urchin, Sterechinus agassizi (δ¹⁵N). Diet analyses inferred from stable isotopes and mixing models demonstrated that the dominant component of this community, Z. patagonica, had variable contributions to higher trophic levels between areas. More importantly, the epibenthic assemblage in F areas showed δ¹³C-enriched and δ¹⁵N-depleted isotopic signatures with respect to the M areas. Collectively, this evidence suggests that frontal dynamics promotes the accumulation of δ¹³C-enriched phytoplankton in the seabed in F areas, while in M areas the more degraded organic matter becomes more important in the trophic web, decreasing the δ¹⁵N isotopic signature of the assemblage. Therefore, the trophic web was sustained by fresher food in F areas than in M areas, demonstrating the role of frontal dynamics in the shaping of these communities.     

2011年江苏典型和非典型梅雨锋暴雨特征对比分析

2011年江苏梅汛期分为典型和非典型梅雨锋降水两个阶段,针对不同阶段中产生的暴雨,利用常规资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用合成平均方法,从天气形势、热力和动力特征方面对其异同进行了分析。结果表明：典型梅雨锋暴雨在500 hPa中纬度低槽和副热带高压的共同作用下产生,暴雨落区在5840 gpm线附近,对流层低层有切变线,近地面梅雨锋特征显著,经向风扰动为深厚的北风,暖湿气流来自于孟加拉湾和南海中北部;非典型梅雨锋暴雨时,中高层江苏处于天气尺度深厚低槽前的西南气流中,冷空气来自东北冷涡后部,低层有倒槽辐合线,近地面锋区较弱,异常强盛的暖湿气流由南海经台湾海峡和东海北上,对流层低层经向风扰动为南风,中高层为北风,暴雨产生在低层南风风速辐合区;两类暴雨的落区均位于锋区暖的一侧以及假相当位温(θse)和比湿(q)大值区的北侧以及强上升运动区。     

Identification of exposed weathering fronts

The identification and extent of etch surfaces depends primarily on the preservation of regolithic remnants and the coincidence in level of weathering front and surface. The occurrence of bornhardts, corestone boulders, flared slopes, basins, gutters and pitting on covered weathering fronts demonstrates that they can be initiated in the subsurface, and where they are preserved on exposed surfaces, particularly in assemblages of such features, they constitute sound evidence of an etch origin. In some instances the location of the front and hence of the related etch surface is determined by subtle variations in degree of weathering. There is some suggestion that the front advances episodically rather than continuously.     

采煤沉陷对风沙区土壤非饱和水分入渗的影响

为研究采煤沉陷后风沙区土壤水分入渗变化规律,通过定水头注水结合入渗湿润峰测定的方法,对毛乌素沙地南缘补连塔矿区沉陷于2004、2005年的2个沉陷区土壤水分非饱和入渗变化进行研究,结果表明,垂直入渗观测时段(入渗开始后0~175 min)后期,与坡面剖面相比,丘间低地较多剖面垂直湿润峰的间距明显较大,垂直入渗持续能力较强。2004年沉陷区坡面未裂处平均垂直入渗速率、第175 min垂直入渗深度显著超过对照区坡面(P<0.05),2005年沉陷区坡面未裂处平均侧渗速率显著超过对照区坡面(P<0.05)。沉陷区丘间低地垂直入渗速率在入渗10 min左右前期升高后期降低,侧渗速率在入渗10~12 min的前期升高后期降低;沉陷区坡面垂直入渗速率、侧渗速率在大部分观测时段内升高。因子分析表明沉陷区入渗特征是丘间低地垂直入渗偏强,坡面侧渗偏强。     

The rapid dissipation of magnetic fields in highly conducting fluids

Abstract

This paper treats the dynamical conditions that obtain when long straight parallel twisted flux tubes in a highly conducting fluid are packed together in a broad array. It is shown that there is generally no hydrostatic equilibrium. In place of equilibrium there is a dynamical nonequilibrium, leading to neutral point reconnection and progressive coalescence of neighboring tubes (with the same sense of twisting), forming tubes of larger diameter and reduced twist. The magnetic energy in the twisting of each tube declines toward zero, dissipated into small-scale motions of the fluid and thence into heat.

The physical implications are numerous. For instance, it has been suggested that the subsurface magnetic field of the sun is composed of close-packed twisted flux tubes. Any such structures are short lived, at best.

The footpoints of the filamentary magnetic fields above bipolar magnetic regions on the sun are continually shuffled and rotated by the convection, so that the fields are composed of twisted rubes. The twisting and mutual wrapping is converted directly into fluid motion and heat by the dynamical nonequilibrium, so that the work done by the convection of the footpoints goes directly into heating the corona above. This theoretical result is the final step, then, in understanding the assertion by Rosner, Tucker, and Valana, and others, that the observed structure of the visible corona implies that it is heated principally by direct dissipation of the supporting magnetic field. It is the dynamical nonequilibrium that causes the dissipation, in spite of the high electrical conductivity. It would appear that any bipolar magnetic field extending upward from a dense convective layer into a tenuous atmosphere automatically produces heating, and a corona of some sort, in the sun or any other convective star.     

泾阳泾河段全新世剖面元素地球化学特征与洪水变化

根据泾阳泾河一级阶地前缘沉积剖面(JYc)中285个样品的元素、化合物含量和粒度分析,对泾阳泾河段全新世剖面元素地球化学特征与洪水变化进行研究,结果表明,元素Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Pb、Sc、Ti、Nb、Th、U、Rb、V、Ba、Co和化合物Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O含量在剖面各层中变化明显,分辨率高,能够清晰地指示洪水以及降水量的变化;JYc剖面分为41个沉积层,指示了41次大小不同的洪水和41个降水较多的年份;沉积物粒度细,元素Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Pb、Sc、Ti、Nb、Th、U、Rb、V和化合物Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O含量高,元素Ba、Co含量低,指示沉积时洪水强度小,洪水位低,降雨量少;沉积物粒度粗,元素Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Pb、Sc、Ti、Nb、Th、U、Rb、V和化合物Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O含量低,元素Ba、Co含量高,指示沉积时洪水强度大,洪水水位高,降雨量多.泾河泾阳段洪水代表的是黄土高原泾河流域的洪水,特大洪水与大洪水,来自整个泾河流域或泾河流域大部分地区,较小的洪水来自泾河流域小部分地区.泾河流域发生洪水的原因有3种:1.年降水量明显增加造成;2.年降水量没有增加,而是由短时暴雨造成;3.年降水量没有增加,而是由于降水集中、持续时间长造成的洪水.泾河泾阳段JYc剖面的洪水沉积主要是由中度涝灾、大涝灾、特大涝灾形成的,轻度涝灾一般不会造成洪水灾害.