荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳和泡泡刺光合作用及水分代谢的生态适应性

对分布于荒漠绿洲过渡带的柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)和泡泡刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)光合和水分代谢特性进行了比较研究。结果表明,柽柳和泡泡刺：①净光合速率与环境因子响应具“光合下调”现象,其曲线符合Gauss model。②净光合速率最大值分别为20.2 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1和23.8 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1;光补偿点和饱和点为244.62 μmol·m-2·s-1和1 180.31 μmol·m-2·s-1,73.67 μmol·m-2·s-1和1 467.85 μmol·m-2·s-1。③净光合速率近似双峰型抛物线;光能利用效率单峰曲线;柽柳蒸腾速率和水分利用效率为单峰旗形,泡泡刺波浪型。 ④泡泡刺利用较高的净光合速率、蒸腾、水分利用效率,柽柳通过高光能利用效率来适应荒漠生态环境。因此,光抑制所导致的“光合下调”现象是柽柳和泡泡刺对水分胁迫所产生的保护性机制,反映了荒漠植物在与环境协同进化过程中的生态适应性;较低的水分利用效率是荒漠植物对其环境响应的普遍适应机理。     

Lead and Aroclor 1254 disrupt reproductive neuroendocrine function in Atlantic croaker

We have previously shown that lead (lead chloride) and a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture (Aroclor 1254) can alter hypothalamic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) content, and pituitary gonadotropin II (GTH II) release in vitro, in the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). In the present study we investigated whether impairment of the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway involves alterations in tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis, or monoamine oxidase (MAO), the catabolic enzyme. Aroclor 1254 (1 mg/kg body wt. for 30 days) significantly inhibited hypothalamic TPH activity without altering MAO activity, and caused a significant decline in 5-HT content. On the other hand, lead exposure (15 mg/kg body wt. for 30 days) only induced a slight decrease in hypothalamic 5-HT content and TPH activity, and a minor increase in MAO activity. However, both Aroclor 1254 and lead significantly inhibited the GTH II response to stimulation by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) in vivo and caused reduced gonadal growth. These results demonstrate that impairment of hypothalamic serotonin metabolism by Aroclor 1254 involves inhibition of 5-HT synthesis, whereas lead does not exert a profound influence on 5-HT metabolism. The decline in 5-HT availability due to reduced 5-HT synthesis in the PCB-exposed fish may result in disruption of the stimulatory 5-HT-GnRH pathway controlling GTH II secretion leading to impairment of gonadal growth.     

不同水交换量下皱纹盘鲍转录组测序与分析

养殖过程的循环水交换量能够显著影响皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)的生理状态, 进而影响其养殖存活率和生长率, 然而不同循环水量对于皱纹盘鲍的生理状态影响的分子机制尚不明确。本实验以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)为研究对象, 将鲍分别置于循环水交换频率为1次/d、2次/d、4次/d的条件下(编号为C0、T2和T4组)暂养3 d, 然后利用Illumina Hiseq 2500技术测定不同处理组鲍鱼的肌肉组织中转录组表达情况。结果表明, 单次换水组(C0)和多次换水组(T2和T4)间差异表达的基因个数较多, 分别为4 095和3 617个, 而T2与T4组之间的差异表达基因个数则较少, 仅为232个。对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG功能分析显示, 单次换水组(C0)和多次换水组(T2和T4)间差异表达的基因主要集中在能量代谢和免疫反应相关通路或基因, 随机选取10个差异基因进行荧光定量PCR验证, 定量PCR结果与转录谱结果一致, 证实了转录组测序结果的可靠性。本研究说明了更高的水交换量下, 鲍的代谢和免疫相关通路被激活, 可能有助于鲍鱼维持较好的生理和免疫状态, 从而表现出更好的生长、存活等表型。     

基于新陈代谢的PGM(1,1)模型在建筑物变形监测中的应用

针对目前灰色理论模型在变形监测中的应用,本文分析了PGM(1,1)模型中的参数及其求解的方法;对于建模时前期观测值对后期预测值的影响,引入新陈代谢理论,通过整体最小二乘求解得到模型的背景值。结合高层建筑物沉降监测的实例进行计算分析,结果表明,基于新陈代谢的PGM(1,1)模型相比于传统的GM(1,1)模型,在建筑物沉降预测方面具有较好的效果。     

Utilizing in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study sublethal stress in aquatic organisms

In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful technique for characterizing the sublethal actions of physical and chemical stressors in live, intact organisms. In particular, 31P NMR is ideal for observing perturbations to cellular energetics since critical metabolite concentrations, including phosphagens, ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), can be measured non-invasively and in real time. This technique's versatility is demonstrated not only in the diversity of organisms that can be studied, but also in its broad-ranging applicability to environmental research. Illustrative studies include the actions of copper in adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and changes in energetically important metabolites in developing medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes). Advantages and disadvantages of in vivo NMR will be discussed.     

Plankton Distribution Patterns in a Mediterranean Dilution Basin: Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece)

Abstract. The present work describes Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece) as a dilution basin and provides information concerning the relationships between the hydrology and plankton composition and distribution.
Amvrakikos Gulf is characterized by a differentiated planktonic system which is apparently directly influenced by the input of the rivers located at the northern part of the gulf.