UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻生长及抗氧化酶的影响

研究了不同辐照强度的UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis Tseng)生长、光合色素和两种抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,(1)低强度辐射处理的绿色巴夫藻在正常培养后生长有所恢复,经辐照强度为2μW/cm2的UV-B处理的藻在培养第10天的吸光度与对照接近,大于6μW/cm2的UV-B处理的藻基本无法恢复生长;(2)处理组叶绿素a(Chla)含量均低于对照,且随辐射强度的增大不断下降,辐照强度为12μW/cm2处理组比对照下降了85.20%;(3)类胡萝卜素(CAR)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均随辐射强度的增大先升高后下降,最高含量分别比对照提高了38.55%和49.41%;(4)过氧化物酶(POD)活性随辐射强度的增大不断升高,辐照强度为12μW/cm2处理组是对照的7.98倍。UV-B辐射对绿色巴夫藻生长产生了明显的抑制作用,CAR,SOD和POD可能在绿色巴夫藻抵抗UV-B辐射中起着保护作用。     

不同光照周期对铜绿微囊藻和绿色微囊藻生长的影响

研究了不同光照周期对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystisaeruginosa)和绿色微囊藻(Microcystisviridis)生长的影响.按光照周期不同将两种微囊藻各分为五组处理组I[2L/22D]、Ⅱ[5L/19D]、Ⅲ[7L/17D]、Ⅳ[9L/15D]、对照组[12L/12D],试验期为20d.试验表明铜绿微囊藻实验中处理组Ⅳ[9L/15D]的比增长率和最大细胞数均最大,超过了对照组[12L/12D].绿色微囊藻实验中对照组[12L/12D]的最大细胞数和比增长率最大.随光照周期的延长两种微囊藻的最大细胞数有增加的趋势.绿色微囊藻对光照周期较铜绿微囊藻敏感.两种微囊藻在每日2h的光照周期下生长均受到抑制.     

青海翠青玉的宝石学特征及颜色研究

软玉的颜色品种多样,其中翠青玉作为青海三岔河的一个特殊颜色品种受到市场上的追捧。为了研究翠青玉的主要成分及颜色成因,选取多个具有渐变色的代表性样品,分别对其运用红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、USB2000光纤光谱仪进行了测试,通过红外、拉曼光谱发现翠青玉由透闪石组成,ICP—MS的成分测试结果显示该样品的翠绿色与Cr抖离子的质量分数呈正比,USB2000光纤光谱仪显示翠青玉中翠绿色部分的主波长在557nm附近,并且吸收光谱表现为橙黄区与蓝紫区的吸收,通过一系列的实验数据对翠青玉中致色离子的占位情况进行了相关讨论,并分析该离子来源于成矿母体中的基性岩浆岩。     

Biochemical‐genetic variation in a wild and a cultured population of the greenshell mussel,Perna canaliculus

A wild and a cultured greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) population were compared for biochemical genetic variation at seven polymorphic and four monomorphic allozyme loci. Significant heterozygote deficiencies were observed for all polymorphic loci (La—1, La—2, Lap, Lgg—1, Lgg— 2, Pgi, and Pgm) for both populations (except the Pgi locus of the wild mussel population). Genotypic disequilibrium was calculated for both populations: genotypic frequencies were significantly non‐random at three pairs of loci among the wild mussels, and significantly non‐random at three different pairs of loci among the cultured mussels. All six pairs of loci which exhibited significant genotypic disequilibrium involved amino‐peptidases, suggesting that these loci form a linkage group, and that neither the Pgi nor the Pgm loci are associated with this group. Exact tests for population differentiation based upon population‐specific allele distributions indicated that four of the polymorphic loci were significantly heterogeneous among the two populations, whereas the remaining three polymorphic loci were not. Based upon the private allele system, the number of migrants (N _m) between the populations was estimated to be 2.009, which, according to the private allele system, represents a high level of gene flow. These findings are discussed with regard to the population biology and genetic structure of this species.     

Factors contributing to heavy metal accumulation in sediments and in the intertidal mussel Perna perna in the Gulf of Annaba (Algeria)

This paper presents the results of a seasonal survey of heavy metals accumulated in sediments and in the soft parts of the body of the mussel Perna perna at four stations in the Gulf of Annaba (Algeria). Pooled soft tissues from 10 mussels representing the entire range of sizes were digested in nitric acid. Statistical analysis reveals a significant seasonal effect on all the measured metals, the highest values being recorded in winter. With the exception of Cr, the levels for all metals were significantly higher in the east, at the outlet of the Seybouse River, than at all other monitoring stations. The study also shows that north-western waters are subject to a significantly lower degree of heavy metal pollution than elsewhere in the gulf. Levels were nevertheless within the limits of public health standards.     

Richards Bay Harbour: metal exposure monitoring over the last 34 years

Richards Bay Harbour is South Africa’s premier bulk cargo port. It was constructed in the Mhlathuze estuary in 1976 and over the past 34 years has become South Africa’s most modern and largest cargo handling port. Although no official monitoring programme is in progress various studies by different groups have provided relevant data with respect to changing metal levels in brown mussel tissue (Perna perna) over the last 34 years. Eleven elements were analysed in brown mussels from the main channel in Richards Bay Harbour using ICP-MS. The results indicate that the metal concentrations in the mussel tissue remained relatively constant between 1974 and 2005. The mean metal concentrations increased significantly in 2005 possibly due to the construction of the new coal terminal and associated dredging activities. Mean metal concentrations in the 2008 sampling event were also elevated due to increased run off during an above average rainy season.     

Studies on the effects on growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species to uniconazole

Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) enzymes that retard lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration. These years much attention has been focused on the responses of antioxidant system in plants to uniconazole stress, but such studies on aquatic organism are very few. Moreover, no information is available on growth and antioxidant response in marine microalgae to uniconazole. In this paper, the growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species, Platymonas helgolandica and Pavlova viridis, at six uniconazole concentrations(0-15 mg L-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that 3 mg L-1 uniconazole could increase significantly chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica(P 0.05). Higher concentrations(≥12 mg L-1) of uniconazole could inhibit significantly the growth, dry weight, chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica and P. viridis(P 0.05). Uniconazole caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation production(MDA) at higher concentrations(≥ 9 mg L-1). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced remarkably at low concentrations of uniconazole. However, significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities was observed at higher concentrations of uniconazole.     

ON A NEW SPECIES OF PAVLOVA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) FROM CHINA

Pavlova viridis sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations. The material was collected from the coast of Haiyang county of Shandong, China. It is characterized by 1) yellowish green to green chloroplast, 2) rudimentary short flagellum 0. 3um long and hook-shaped, 3)long flagellum with small spherical knob-scales, 4) absence of pyrenoid and stigma, and 5) marine habitat. This new species and P . salina seem to be most closely related to each other but their colour, the insertion of their three appendages, the shape of their knob scales, and their cell periplasts are quite different from one another .     

BIOMONITORING OF AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM,COPPER, LEAD AND ZINC IN THE COASTAL WETLAND WATER BY USING GILLS OF THE GREEN- LIPPED MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS

1 INTRODUCTIONThe use of marine mussels for the biomonitoringpurposes is widely found in the literatures. However,the use of a particular tissue/organ for more accurateindicators of metal bioavailability and contaminationwere continually reported. For exa…     

BIOMONITORING OF AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, I,EAD AND ZINC IN THE COASTAL WETLAND WATER BY USING GILLS OF THE GREEN- LIPPED MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS

The distribution and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in the gills and remaining soft tissues of Perna viridis collected from 12 geographical sites （ 10 from the west and 2 from the east coastal waters） of Peninsular Malaysia. All samples showed that the levels of Cd, Pb and Zn were generally higher in the gill than those in the remaining soft tissues. These results could be due to the fact that gills are the first organ of metal accumulation and larger surface area with mucus sheets in the organ. Since the mussel gill is a better accumulator of Cd, Pb and Zn of ambient seawater than remaining soft tissue, it is a potential indicator of ambient levels of dissolved metals in the ambient seawater. However, further validations based on laboratory conditions are needed.