Radial consolidation with variable compressibility and permeability following pile installation

The excess pore pressure generated by pile installation gradually dissipates following installation, which mainly dominates the increase of pile capacity with time. The dissipation of the excess pore pressure following pile installation has been widely investigated by experimental and theoretical studies. However, in most research, the consolidation coefficients were assumed to be constant for simplification, which may lead to errors. In the present study, the dissipation of the excess pore pressure is analyzed by radial consolidation theory with a variable consolidation coefficient based on the linear responses of e − ln(p^′) and e − log(k). The governing equation of the radial consolidation considering variable compressibility and permeability are solved by the variable separation method. Bessel functions are used to solve the differential functions for the time independent part. The excess pore pressure immediately after pile installation is obtained from cavity expansion theory and is used as the initial condition of the consolidation process. Moreover, the influences of variable compressibility and permeability on the variation of consolidation coefficient and excess pore pressure dissipation are analyzed.     

车载液压振动式土壤采集装置研究

回顾了国内外土壤采样装置的发展 历史,针对国内土壤采集的实际需求,确 定了液压振动式土壤采集装置的总体方 案。为了提高装置的可靠性与稳定性,进 行了液压系统管路的优化设计,设计了 具有双凸结构的采样管,进行了一般土 质与杂硬土质的采样试验。试验结果表 明,该装置既可以进行松软土质的采样, 也可以进行杂硬土质的采样。     

分层法在DLG产品质量控制中的应用

对目前DLG产品质量管理存在的薄弱环节进行分析,讨论了DLG数据全面质量控制的策略,并运用统计质量控制中的分层法,在实际作业管理中进行了应用,起到了良好的解决问题的作用,说明了其可用性。     

农村抽样调查三维空间化样本抽选与管理系统实现

本文讨论了目前国家农村统计业务中迫切需求的技术,并详细介绍了通过GIS/RS技术和传统统计抽样方法的结合,集成农村抽样调查空间化样本抽选与总体推断,设计并实现了集"4D"海量数据为一体的二三维联动农村抽样调查空间化样本抽选与管理系统,为全国的农村抽样调查统计业务提供参考。     

城市道路复杂度的浮动车自适应采样算法

基于浮动车的城市交通信息采集技术是智能交通系统获取实时交通信息的重要手段之一。针对浮动车的城市交通信息等间距采样的不足,本文设计了一种基于城市道路复杂度的自适应采样算法:①根据道路属性定义道路结点对城市道路网络复杂度的影响因子;②利用四叉树对城市道路网络复杂度进行描述;③根据浮动车的瞬时速度和道路复杂度自适应计算浮动车的采样周期。通过仿真和试验表明,新算法能够在不同复杂程度的道路情况下自适应提供有效、可靠的采样周期。     

Characteristics of coda Q -value in the midnorthern part of Ningxia

On the basis of previous studies, this paper, in studying the coda Q-value of near shocks, has proposed using the sampling depth to describe the effect of lapse time on the Q-value, and has investigated the dependence of coda wave of earthquakes on frequency and sampling depth. Analysis of digital seismograms recorded by the Yinchuan Telemetric Seismic Network, Ningxia, shows that not only the coda wave Q-value of shocks is strongly dependent on frequency but also its dependence on sampling depth cannot be neglected. In the commonly used formula that describes the dependence characteristics of coda Q-value of earthquakes, Q = Q0 f n, the parameter Q0 rises obviously while n drops when the sampling depth increases, and their changes can be fitted by linear relations. This paper has explained such a characteristic. Whether this characteristic exists universally needs to be verified by more study results because the genetic mechanism of coda wave of earthquakes is more complex.     

Operator error in petrographic point-count analysis: A theoretical approach

Operator error in petrographic point-count analysis introduces bias into the estimates of proportion in a thin section. A correction for this bias, leading to an unbiased estimator of the true proportion in that thin section, is here proposed. Operator error also affects the confidence interval, and in this situation, too, an adjustment is possible. The approach proposed requires that the probabilities associated with operator error, categorized into A-type and B-type errors, are known or assumed. The A-type operator error tends to underestimate the true proportion in a thin section, whereas the B-type operator error tends to overestimate it.     

Ballast water sampling as a critical component of biological invasions risk management

The human mediated transfer of harmful organisms via shipping, specifically via ballast water transport, leading to the loss of biodiversity, alteration of ecosystems, negative impacts on human health and in some regions economic loss, has raised considerable attention especially in the last decade. Ballast water sampling is very important for biological invasions risk management. The complexity of ballast water sampling is a result of both the variety of organism diversity and behaviour, as well as ship design including availability of ballast water sampling points. Furthermore, ballast water sampling methodology is influenced by the objectives of the sampling study. In the course of research conducted in Slovenia, new sampling equipment for ships' ballast water was developed and tested. In this paper new ballast water sampling methods and equipment together with practical shipboard testing results are presented.     

反循环中心取样钻探技术在第三系砾岩金勘探中的应用

根据在第三系砾岩金普查勘探过程中钻孔浅、地层情况复杂、取心质量要求高、远离水源、处于低山丘陵区的特点，采用反循环中心取样钻探工艺，针对不同的地层采取不同的钻进技术参数及工艺措施，取得了较好的技术成果及经济效益。     

Improvement of overtopping risk evaluations using probabilistic concepts for existing dams

Hydrologic risk analysis for dam safety relies on a series of probabilistic analyses of rainfall-runoff and flow routing models, and their associated inputs. This is a complex problem in that the probability distributions of multiple independent and derived random variables need to be estimated in order to evaluate the probability of dam overtopping. Typically, parametric density estimation methods have been applied in this setting, and the exhaustive Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) of models is used to derive some of the distributions. Often, the distributions used to model some of the random variables are inappropriate relative to the expected behaviour of these variables, and as a result, simulations of the system can lead to unrealistic values of extreme rainfall or water surface levels and hence of the probability of dam overtopping. In this paper, three major innovations are introduced to address this situation. The first is the use of nonparametric probability density estimation methods for selected variables, the second is the use of Latin Hypercube sampling to improve the efficiency of MCS driven by the multiple random variables, and the third is the use of Bootstrap resampling to determine initial water surface level. An application to the Soyang Dam in South Korea illustrates how the traditional parametric approach can lead to potentially unrealistic estimates of dam safety, while the proposed approach provides rather reasonable estimates and an assessment of their sensitivity to key parameters.